Research Article
Performance Evaluation of Small Scale Irrigation System in Case of Degero and Gura Daso, Nejo District, West Wallaga, Oromia, Ethiopia
Yadesa Wakena,
Dereje Adeba,
Gemechu Mosisa,
Kuma Abebe
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
24-35
Received:
24 August 2023
Accepted:
1 November 2023
Published:
11 November 2023
Abstract: Performance evaluation is a practical tool to examine the achievement of irrigation management in the scheme to meet the growing food demands of the population and make viable water distribution for schemes. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the performance of small-scale irrigation schemes using water use (input-related) physical and main output-related irrigation performance indicators from the long list of irrigation performance indicators, by using Degero and Gura Daso small-scale irrigation as a case study. This research was carried out starting from January 2022 for the irrigation season. In this study, primary and secondary data were gathered and engaged for the study purpose. For data analysis and manipulation activities, CROPWAT 8.0, GIS, Climwat2 software, and Statistical tools were employed. Then, the schemes were evaluated using groups of performance indicators such as water use, and physical and agricultural outputs. The results obtained showed that the values of relative water supply and irrigation supply were 1. 36 and 2.28 for the Degero scheme, whereas 1.16 and 2.06 for the Gura Daso scheme, respectively. This water use performance indicator shows that there was excess supplied water relative to the demand and it’s possible to increase irrigation area by effective utilization of water. Physical indicators such as irrigation ratio, sustainability of the irrigated area, and the effectiveness of infrastructure showed 0.25, 0.42, and 0.4 for the Degero Scheme, 0.57, 1.33, and 0.8 for the Gura Daso scheme, respectively. Also, the values of the output per cropped area were 3084.2 and 3847.4US$, ha. Similarly, the output per unit irrigation diverted water was 0.41 and 0.69 US$, ha for Degero and Gura Daso schemes, respectively. The output per command area was 1542.1 and 4394US$, m3 for the Degero and Gura Daso schemes, respectively. Likewise, the output per unit of water delivered and water consumed was 0.53, 0.83, and 0.73, 0.86 US$ for the Degero and Gura Daso schemes respectively. As the result showed, the Degero scheme was less performed relative to the Gura Daso scheme. Generally, in both schemes, the currently irrigated area was less than the designed command area. In the end, the following ideas were recommended: Water diversion and conveyance efficiencies in the Degero scheme are very low. Therefore, the diversion and conveyance system should be improved through the maintenance of broken irrigation infrastructures, especially sluice gates at head works and flumes at secondary canals.
Abstract: Performance evaluation is a practical tool to examine the achievement of irrigation management in the scheme to meet the growing food demands of the population and make viable water distribution for schemes. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the performance of small-scale irrigation schemes using water use (input-related) physical and m...
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Research Article
Factors Influencing the Uptake of Long Acting Reversible Contraceptives Among Female Undergraduate Students at the University of Zimbabwe
Thembelihle Mpofu,
Maxwell Mhlanga,
Jay Jay John Karumazondo
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
36-45
Received:
6 November 2023
Accepted:
13 December 2023
Published:
26 December 2023
Abstract: Background: Unwanted pregnancies among university students are a worldwide problem, despite the availability of a wide range of contraceptive methods. These unwanted pregnancies in turn result in depression, suicide and unsafe abortions. Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives (LARCs) offer a great opportunity to reduce unwanted pregnancies, which often result in unsafe abortions, early and forced marriages. However, uptake of LARCs remains very low among adolescent women in tertiary institutions in Zimbabwe. This study sought to determine the factors influencing the uptake of long-acting reversible contraceptives among female students at University of Zimbabwe. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was used in this study. Data was collected from randomly selected 120 female students who were sexually active using an online questionnaire. The data was then analysed using descriptive statistics and a chi-square test of association was used to check for association between study variables. Results: Of the 120 female students who participated, 99 (82,5%) were aged between 22-25 years, 12 (10%) between 18-21 years and 9 (7.5%) between 26-30 years. Results from the study showed a statistically significant association between year of study and knowledge of contraceptive method (p=0.003). A statistically significant association was also observed between year of study and knowledge of implants (p=0.004). Age was also found to have a statistically significant association with depo provera use (p=0.004) and implants use (p<0.001). Conclusion: The study revealed a low uptake of long-acting reversible contraceptives among the female undergraduate students at the University of Zimbabwe.
Abstract: Background: Unwanted pregnancies among university students are a worldwide problem, despite the availability of a wide range of contraceptive methods. These unwanted pregnancies in turn result in depression, suicide and unsafe abortions. Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives (LARCs) offer a great opportunity to reduce unwanted pregnancies, which of...
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