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Students’ Difficulties in Pronouncing the English Labiodental Sounds
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, December 2016
Pages:
1-5
Received:
27 August 2016
Accepted:
27 September 2016
Published:
17 October 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.cls.20160201.11
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Abstract: This research is conducted in order to find out the most difficult position in pronouncing the English labiodental sounds at the second grade of Senior High School of Taman Siswa Pematangsiantar. There are some various articulators in pronunciation. They are bilabial, labiodental, dental, alveolar, palatoalveolar, palatal, velar, and glottal. For Indonesian students, there are some articulators are difficult to pronounce. In this research, the writer focuses on students’ difficulties in pronouncing the English labiodental sounds. It can be in the initial, medial, and final position. Problems discussed in this research was: which position is the most difficult in pronouncing the English labiodental sounds? To solve the problems, descriptive qualitative method was implemented in this research. The data were taken from each English labiodental words pronounced by the students. Finally, the writer found that: the most difficult position in pronouncing the English labiodental sounds is final position in sound / v /.
Abstract: This research is conducted in order to find out the most difficult position in pronouncing the English labiodental sounds at the second grade of Senior High School of Taman Siswa Pematangsiantar. There are some various articulators in pronunciation. They are bilabial, labiodental, dental, alveolar, palatoalveolar, palatal, velar, and glottal. For I...
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Writing Anxiety and Language Learning Motivation: Examining Causes, Indicators, and Relationship
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, December 2016
Pages:
6-12
Received:
11 September 2016
Accepted:
26 October 2016
Published:
30 November 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.cls.20160201.12
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Abstract: The affective domain has already received great attention from researchers as evidenced by a large body of literature made since its conception. This paper aims to draw a connection between writing anxiety and motivation, which are both affective variables associated to language learning. Using mixed-methods design, data were collected from 60 students who finished a one-semester English class in the Pre-University Center, Mindanao State University-Marawi, Philippines. Data revealed that students had low writing anxiety. They reported during the interviews that, despite their low anxiety level, there are still reasons for their writing anxiety such as grammar, evaluation, and topical knowledge. They also had a high level of instrumental and integrative motivation. They appreciated the instrumental function and contributions of the English subject, the communicative activities, and the instructor teaching the subject. The correlation and regression analyses revealed that as language learning motivation increases, writing anxiety level decreases. It led to the conclusion that writing anxiety can be lessened through motivating students to learn English. Based on the findings, English teachers should put premium on motivation in their classrooms by being effective role models to students, inspiring students to write in order to learn and to learn in order to write, appreciating their writing outputs, and exposing them to real life applications of the English macroskills.
Abstract: The affective domain has already received great attention from researchers as evidenced by a large body of literature made since its conception. This paper aims to draw a connection between writing anxiety and motivation, which are both affective variables associated to language learning. Using mixed-methods design, data were collected from 60 stud...
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Language Maintenance and Shift of Flora’s Lexicons in Karonese Traditional Food: An Ecolinguistic Perspective
Bahagia Tarigan,
Eddy Setia,
Dwi Widayati,
Aron Meko Mbete
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, December 2016
Pages:
13-17
Received:
19 October 2016
Accepted:
9 November 2016
Published:
10 December 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.cls.20160201.13
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Abstract: This article aims at finding out how flora’s lexicons associated with Karonese traditional food are maintained and shifted. A qualitative research design is used to explore the phenomena of such social issues. The data were flora’s lexicons associated with Karonese traditional food in seven villages (i.e. Lau Kambing, Turangi, Penungkiren, Buluh Pering, Lau Dayang, Gunung Merlawan, and Seribu Jadi) at Salapian Sub-District North Sumatra Indonesia. The data were obtained from 210 informants (30 persons from each of the villages). The informants were classified into six groups to differentiate between generations. The data were collected using three techniques including (i) observation, (ii) interview, and (iii) document. The data were analyzed using the interactive model proposed by Miles, Huberman and Saldana (2014: 31-33). The findings of this research are: (i) two out of three kinds of Karonese traditional foods were no longer recognized by people in these seven villages, and most of the flora’s lexicons associated with those foods were shifted. Meanwhile, the other kind of food is still recognized leading to the maintenance of flora’s lexicons associated with it; and (ii) the factors motivating language maintenance and language shift of flora’s lexicons in Karonese traditional food are (a) whether those lexicons refer to staple food of the local people, and (b) whether the reference of those lexicons is also used in making other kinds of food.
Abstract: This article aims at finding out how flora’s lexicons associated with Karonese traditional food are maintained and shifted. A qualitative research design is used to explore the phenomena of such social issues. The data were flora’s lexicons associated with Karonese traditional food in seven villages (i.e. Lau Kambing, Turangi, Penungkiren, Buluh Pe...
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Morphological Patterns in Persian First Grade Elementary School
Aliyeh Kord-e Zafaranlu Kambuziya,
Parisa Sadat Mirnejad,
Ardeshir Maleki Moghaddam
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, December 2016
Pages:
18-26
Received:
19 October 2016
Accepted:
10 November 2016
Published:
9 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.cls.20160201.14
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Abstract: The aim of this paper is to study the Morphological Patterns i.e. word-based model and morpheme-based model on complex words in 7-year-old Persian speaking children. The method of the research is descriptive- analytic and for collecting data, the documentary resources and the first grade course book of elementary students- “Farsi-Bekhanim” have been used. The comprehensive results of this research show that, statistically, the greatest number of words is allocated to simple words in this grade. Furthermore, in most cases, first grade complex words are according to morpheme-based model rather than word-based model.
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to study the Morphological Patterns i.e. word-based model and morpheme-based model on complex words in 7-year-old Persian speaking children. The method of the research is descriptive- analytic and for collecting data, the documentary resources and the first grade course book of elementary students- “Farsi-Bekhanim” have bee...
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Implications of Grand Strategy of Politeness on the Doctor-Patient Relationship in Mainland China
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, December 2016
Pages:
27-31
Received:
29 November 2016
Accepted:
26 December 2016
Published:
16 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.cls.20160201.15
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Abstract: Undoubtedly, doctor-patient relationship is supposed to be the most harmonious relationship since it plays a fairly important part in promoting human health. However, in mainland China, doctor-patient relationship has been a serious problem for quite a long time. Every year，many conflicts between doctors and patients are reported. Informative and effective communication between doctors and patients is crucial in that with which doctors can get sufficient information to make a correct diagnosis, to which politeness contributes a lot. For patients, they are supposed to be polite to get effective treatment. For doctors, they should keep in mind that they should be polite as they are providing health care service to their customers. Based on the data of naturally-occurring doctor-patient conversations, this paper aims to focus on the doctor’s side to explore the implications of Leech’s Grand Politeness Strategy (GSP) on clinical communication so as to help build a harmonious doctor-patient relationship in mainland China.
Abstract: Undoubtedly, doctor-patient relationship is supposed to be the most harmonious relationship since it plays a fairly important part in promoting human health. However, in mainland China, doctor-patient relationship has been a serious problem for quite a long time. Every year，many conflicts between doctors and patients are reported. Informative and e...
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