-
Third - Order Nonlinear Optical Properties and Optical Limiting Behavior of Celestin Blue B Dye Doped Polymer Films
Imad Al-Deen Hussein Ali Al-Saidi,
Raghad Jabar
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2018
Pages:
1-7
Received:
1 January 2018
Accepted:
30 January 2018
Published:
23 February 2018
Abstract: Pure Poly (methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) polymer film and Celestin Blue B dye doped polymer films at different concentrations were prepared using casting technique. UV - Vis spectra were recorded to characterize the optical properties of the Celestin Blue B dye doped PMMA polymer films. The magnitudes of both real and imaginary parts of third - order nonlinear susceptibility (χ (3)) of Celestin Blue B dye doped polymer films were determined using the z - scan technique with a continuous wave laser beam at wavelength 532 nm. The nonlinear refractive index (n2) and the nonlinear absorption coefficient (β) of the Celestin Blue B dye doped polymer films were calculated. It was found that the prepared films exhibited saturable absorption (SA) and self - defocusing effect. The optical power limiting behavior also investigated for Celestin Blue B dye doped PMMA polymer films at different concentrations and the optical power limiting threshold values were determined. Results indicate that the Celestin Blue B dye doped PMMA polymer film is a promising material for future photonic device applications.
Abstract: Pure Poly (methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) polymer film and Celestin Blue B dye doped polymer films at different concentrations were prepared using casting technique. UV - Vis spectra were recorded to characterize the optical properties of the Celestin Blue B dye doped PMMA polymer films. The magnitudes of both real and imaginary parts of third - order ...
Show More
-
Implementation of Novel Binary Logic Gates with Temperature Stability Factor Analysis in Quantum-dot Cellular Automata
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2018
Pages:
8-14
Received:
17 January 2018
Accepted:
5 February 2018
Published:
28 February 2018
Abstract: Quantum-dot cellular automata is a molecular logic synthesis technology which is the utmost instance for the shift of microelectronics technology towards the molecular electronics. Nowadays the quantum-dot cellular automata has been playing a major role in the list of the most emerging quantum information computation techniques. Quantum-dot cellular automata is a nanoscale information computational technology which operates through the quantum bits that are temporarily created as a result of electron tunneling in between two qdots. This is an electron configuration based device which utilizes the electrostatic repulsive force to initialize a particular binary logic state based on electronic orientation inside quantum dots. In this paper a few novel methodologies for binary logic gate designing have proposed which are highly optimized in terms of area occupancy and clock latency. Using the proposed universal gates one adjoined half adder-half subtractor, 1 bit comparator and 2 to 1 multiplexer layouts have designed. Moreover, the temperature stability factor for the proposed circuits have also analyzed to reveal the dynamic errors of the circuits during its operation. This temperature stability factor asserts that both of the proposed circuits’ adjoined adder-subtractor and the 1 bit comparator have the same operating range of temperature within 1 K to 6 K. Moreover, the cell wise power dissipation analysis for proposed gates has also performed to specify the input polarization strength limit.
Abstract: Quantum-dot cellular automata is a molecular logic synthesis technology which is the utmost instance for the shift of microelectronics technology towards the molecular electronics. Nowadays the quantum-dot cellular automata has been playing a major role in the list of the most emerging quantum information computation techniques. Quantum-dot cellula...
Show More
-
Philosophy of Weibel Instability in Laser Fusion Plasma
Slimen Belghit,
Beddiaf Zaidi,
Oussama Boultif,
Abdelaziz Sid
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2018
Pages:
15-18
Received:
18 January 2018
Accepted:
5 February 2018
Published:
28 February 2018
Abstract: In this work, have put forward a philosophy of the Weibel instability in laser fusion plasma; these instabilities generated by several mechanisms, namely: the heat transport, the expansion of the plasma and the inverse bremsstrahlung absorption (IB). Several research papers have been presented as well as theoretical models for the relaxation and stability of these modes, which are considered to be very flammable and peaceful on the interaction yield between lasers and plasma. To resolve these modes must be combined with the magnetic field. The stabilization effect due to the coupling of the self-generated magnetic field by Weibel instability with the laser wave field is explicitly showed in recently paper. In these studies, the relativistic and non-relativistic or linear and non-linear effects are taken into account here; the basic equation is the Fokker-Planck (F-P) or Vlasov equation. The best result is that the coupling of self-generated magnetic field with the laser wave causes a stabilizing effect of excited Weibel modes in the all states. Found a decrease in the spectral range of Weibel unstable modes. This decreasing is accompanied by a reduction of orders in the growth rate of instability or even stabilization of these modes. It has been shown that the previous analysis of the Weibel instability due to IB have overestimated the values of the generated magnetic fields.
Abstract: In this work, have put forward a philosophy of the Weibel instability in laser fusion plasma; these instabilities generated by several mechanisms, namely: the heat transport, the expansion of the plasma and the inverse bremsstrahlung absorption (IB). Several research papers have been presented as well as theoretical models for the relaxation and st...
Show More
-
Comparative Study of Microwave Assisted and Conventional Synthesis of Tp*-Complexes
Hamed Aboajila Alqamoudy,
Hussain Ibrahim Alarabi
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2018
Pages:
19-25
Received:
20 January 2018
Accepted:
8 February 2018
Published:
28 February 2018
Abstract: Cobalt, copper and nickel complexes with tris(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)hydroborate (Tp*) were synthesized by the reaction of potassium tris(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)hydroborate (KTp*) with the corresponding metal(II) chloride by using conventional reflux methods and microwave methods. The two methods were compared and the microwave method was found to be less time consuming and gave higher yields.
Abstract: Cobalt, copper and nickel complexes with tris(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)hydroborate (Tp*) were synthesized by the reaction of potassium tris(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)hydroborate (KTp*) with the corresponding metal(II) chloride by using conventional reflux methods and microwave methods. The two methods were compared and the microwave method w...
Show More
-
Global Solar Radiation Models: A Review
Muhammad Jamilu Ya’u,
Muhammad Abdullahi Gele,
Yerima Yusif Ali,
Abdulkarim Mika’il Alhaji
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2018
Pages:
26-32
Received:
25 January 2018
Accepted:
11 February 2018
Published:
15 March 2018
Abstract: The Sun is a larger planent which emits light and heat to the Earth for many applications such as solar heating, cooking, drying and interior illumination of buildings. Solar radiation data are required by solar engineers, architects, agriculturists and hydrologists for many applications. In the past, several empirical correlations have been developed in order to estimate the solar radiation around the world. The main objective of this study is to review the global solar radiation models available in the literature. There are several formulae which relate global radiation to other climatic parameters such as sunshine hours, relative humidity and maximum temperature. In this paper, the models are classified into three viz: models based on ratio (H/Ho), non-linear models and models based on empirical coefficients ‘a’ and ‘b’.
Abstract: The Sun is a larger planent which emits light and heat to the Earth for many applications such as solar heating, cooking, drying and interior illumination of buildings. Solar radiation data are required by solar engineers, architects, agriculturists and hydrologists for many applications. In the past, several empirical correlations have been develo...
Show More
-
Mechanism of Interaction Between Cefepime and Papain by Spectroscopic Method
Li Chen,
Baosheng Liu,
Chundan Wang,
Lihua Ma,
Hongcai Zhang,
Xu Guo
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2018
Pages:
33-38
Received:
27 January 2018
Accepted:
16 February 2018
Published:
19 March 2018
Abstract: The reaction mechanism of cefepime (CEF) with papain (PAPA) was investigated by both fluorescence quenching and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy in different temperature (293, 308 and 318 K). The results demonstrated that the interaction between CEF and PAPA was taking place via static quenching. Thermodynamic parameters revealed that electrostatic interaction played major roles in the interaction. The order of magnitudes of binding constant is 104, and the number of binding site in the system was closed to 1. The binding rates of CEF to PAPA (λex = 280 nm) were 81.46%~95.95% (293K), 80.50%~95.49% (308K) and 79.77%~95.12% (318K). There was a linear relationship between ΔF and the concentrations of CEF in the range of 6.0×10-6~7.0×10-5 mol/L. And the correlation coefficient of the linear curve was 0.9973.
Abstract: The reaction mechanism of cefepime (CEF) with papain (PAPA) was investigated by both fluorescence quenching and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy in different temperature (293, 308 and 318 K). The results demonstrated that the interaction between CEF and PAPA was taking place via static quenching. Thermodynamic parameters revealed that electros...
Show More
-
Four-Body Scattering of Light as a Method of Detection of Bose-Einstein Condensate of Excitons
Yuri D. Zavorotnev,
Vladimir V. Rumyantsev,
Olga Yu. Popova
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2018
Pages:
39-48
Received:
16 April 2018
Accepted:
3 May 2018
Published:
31 May 2018
Abstract: Process of four-particle light scattering in molecular crystals with participation of the exciton Bose-condensate is considered. The intensities and tensor of scattering are found for this effect. The frequency and polarization characteristics of this process are studies. It is shown that the investigation of the spectrum shapes of scattered radiation allows one to find and prove the existence of the Bose-Einstein condensate of excitons.
Abstract: Process of four-particle light scattering in molecular crystals with participation of the exciton Bose-condensate is considered. The intensities and tensor of scattering are found for this effect. The frequency and polarization characteristics of this process are studies. It is shown that the investigation of the spectrum shapes of scattered radiat...
Show More
