Gas Flaring: When Will Nigeria Decarbonise Its Oil and Gas Industry
Habibu Ahmed Sharif,
Dahiru Dauda Hammawa,
Murtala Ibrahim,
Ibrahim Baba Garba
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, December 2016
Pages:
40-54
Received:
7 August 2016
Accepted:
20 October 2016
Published:
8 November 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijeee.20160103.11
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Gas flaring and venting are a safe methods of disposing unwanted gas during emergencies and equipment failures, or where the gas cannot be captured, stored or used economically. In whichever circumstance the flaring and venting occur, they both present an environmental and a resource management challenge. In Nigeria, gas flaring and venting began ever since the start of oil production in 1956. Gas flaring and venting have a number of negative consequences on the environment, human health, and the economy of the Nigerian state. Studies have put the revenue lost to flaring by Nigeria at around US$2.5billion annually. This study reviews the various measures put in place by the government and the oil companies in form of laws, policies, regulations, programmes, and penalties with a view to discouraging flaring and encouraging gas utilisation. However, these measures have not been able to phase-out flaring in the country. Gas flaring elimination deadlines have repeatedly been shifted with the most recent one being December 2012. It was found that economic and fiscal considerations on the part of the oil companies and lack of strict enforcement of gas flaring reduction regulations on the part of the government, couple with ageing infrastructure to develop and utilise the gas resource, poor access to local and international energy markets, and lack of political will to see to the end of gas flaring are the main reasons for continued flaring in Nigeria. Policy makers in the country need to strategise and come up with effective gas utilisation programs. They need to reform and develop the gas industry to effectively support gas gathering; marketing and distribution, and on the part of the government, strengthen its legal and regulatory frameworks related to gas flaring and venting. Incentives should be granted for gas flaring reduction projects and penalties should realistically reflect the prevailing economic value of flaring. If these are not done analysts would continue to question when Nigeria is actually ready to decarbonise its oil and gas industry by eliminating the flaring and venting of associated gas into the atmosphere.
Abstract: Gas flaring and venting are a safe methods of disposing unwanted gas during emergencies and equipment failures, or where the gas cannot be captured, stored or used economically. In whichever circumstance the flaring and venting occur, they both present an environmental and a resource management challenge. In Nigeria, gas flaring and venting began e...
Show More
Residential and Industrial Electricity Consumption Dynamics and Economic Growth in Nigeria 1980 - 2010
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, December 2016
Pages:
55-63
Received:
22 August 2016
Accepted:
20 October 2016
Published:
8 November 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijeee.20160103.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: This study applies the growth accounting framework of the Cobb-Douglass production function to explain the dynamic interaction between residential and industrial electricity consumption on economic growth in Nigeria from 1980-2010. The study employed the both Augumented Dickey-Fuller and Pillips Perron unit root test, Johansen Co-integration test, Granger causality test and Ordinary Least Square regression technique. The data for residential and industrial electricity consumption for the period of study were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin [3] and the data for Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and per capita income were obtained from the World Development Indicators (WDI) [13] while, data for investment was obtained from the CIA World Fact Book [14]. The study revealed that a uni-directional causality exist running from industrial electricity consumption to residential electricity consumption, also there exists a bi-directional causality between residential electricity consumption and per capita income growth in Nigeria for the period of study. Residential electricity consumption (LREC) is Positive and statistically significant, the industrial electricity consumption ratio (IEC) ratio is positive and statistically significant in model 1 but negative and statistically significant in models 2 and 3 while the interaction between LREC and IEC ratio is positive and statistically significant in models 2 and 3. Given the positive value of the interaction variable the study concludes that residential electricity consumption is constrained by industrial electricity consumption in Nigeria and unless this situation improves the positive benefit of electricity consumption might be eroded. And therefore recommended that Efforts should be geared towards improving the supply of electricity in both residential and industrial sector.
Abstract: This study applies the growth accounting framework of the Cobb-Douglass production function to explain the dynamic interaction between residential and industrial electricity consumption on economic growth in Nigeria from 1980-2010. The study employed the both Augumented Dickey-Fuller and Pillips Perron unit root test, Johansen Co-integration test, ...
Show More
Environmental and Economic Impacts of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Production in Developing Countries
Stanley Ngene,
Kiran Tota-Maharaj,
Paul Eke,
Colin Hills
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, December 2016
Pages:
64-73
Received:
16 October 2016
Accepted:
12 November 2016
Published:
12 December 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijeee.20160103.13
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: As much as the production of crude oil and natural gas generate enormous costs on the environment, it also directly impacts on the economy of the producing state. The later, among other reasons, is the motive for investing huge capital in the industry. This paper addresses the motives for the production of crude oil and natural gas; identifying the components of these products that are toxic to the environment and public health. Apart from highlighting the economic benefits accruing to the producing countries and her citizens, the study universally looked through the processes and products involved in crude oil and natural gas production and pointed out the impacts of these processes and products on the environment and the health of the public. It is believed that a complete understanding of the interplay between these processes and products with the environment will aid producing companies as well as governments of producing nations make better decisions on the strategies to minimize the effects of production activities on the environment and the health of the public.
Abstract: As much as the production of crude oil and natural gas generate enormous costs on the environment, it also directly impacts on the economy of the producing state. The later, among other reasons, is the motive for investing huge capital in the industry. This paper addresses the motives for the production of crude oil and natural gas; identifying the...
Show More
A Safety Culture Improvement Model for West Africa’s Offshore Sector
Chinedum Onyemechi,
Abiodun Sule,
Kenneth. U. Nnadi,
Chinemerem Igboanusi
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 3, December 2016
Pages:
74-79
Received:
24 July 2016
Accepted:
28 November 2016
Published:
29 December 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijeee.20160103.14
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: The work analyzed safety paradigms presently being applied in the solution of West Africa’s security and safety problems and proffered solutions based on improved safety culture principles. In the study the safety orientation attributes of offshore vessel operators in West Africa were measured with a view to improving safety in offshore support vessels, Floating, Production, Storage and Operations (FPSO) vessels operating in the region. The contributions of safety orientation to the greening of the blue economy were also analyzed. Also analyzed in the work were accident rates in the sub region in recent times. The work suggested methods for improving operating safety climate in West Africa’s maritime domain. The contributions of continuous learning as well as other safety paradigms were analyzed with a view to reducing accident rates in the sector.
Abstract: The work analyzed safety paradigms presently being applied in the solution of West Africa’s security and safety problems and proffered solutions based on improved safety culture principles. In the study the safety orientation attributes of offshore vessel operators in West Africa were measured with a view to improving safety in offshore support ves...
Show More
