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Symptomatic Disc Herniations: A Review to Understand Pathophysiology and Prediction of Outcomes
Tagbo Ilozue,
Mohamed Abdelsadg,
Avinash Kumar Kanodia,
Kismet Hossain-Ibrahim
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, May 2017
Pages:
24-33
Received:
28 February 2017
Accepted:
24 March 2017
Published:
10 April 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.cnn.20170102.11
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Abstract: Lumbar disc herniation is a common condition with a significant impact on health and economics worldwide. Although deemed unrequired in the majority of cases; surgery has a cardinal role in the management of this disease. Most patients will experience symptomatic improvement following conservative treatment, in fact some will experience complete recovery of their symptoms. Nonetheless the mechanism behind this spontaneous improvement is currently poorly understood, yet it offers the potential to inform therapeutic options that might promote more rapid recovery and prevent the establishment of long-term complications. This review summarises the available literature on the pathophysiological events occurring following lumbar disc herniation, with some relevant reflections on the clinical picture. Also the review highlights the current gaps in our knowledge, and stresses some of the debatable concepts in managing the disease, in order to identify areas where future research might help explain the process of spontaneous recovery from symptomatic lumbar disc herniations and also suggest direction of further research to have a positive impact about outcomes.
Abstract: Lumbar disc herniation is a common condition with a significant impact on health and economics worldwide. Although deemed unrequired in the majority of cases; surgery has a cardinal role in the management of this disease. Most patients will experience symptomatic improvement following conservative treatment, in fact some will experience complete re...
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Ring Cell Gastric Cancer Presenting with Headache
Selin Yetkinel,
Basak Karakurum Goksel
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, May 2017
Pages:
34-37
Received:
24 January 2017
Accepted:
6 April 2017
Published:
30 April 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.cnn.20170102.12
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Abstract: Headache, the most common symptom of cerebral dysfunction caused by leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, may be the only symptom. The headache usually results from increased intracranial pressure. Brain metastasis of gastric cancer in particular is rarely encountered and leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LMC) is even less common. Presentation with isolated headache is a very rare condition in patients with gastric carcinoma. This 48-year-old man was admitted to the neurology outpatient clinic with headache that was present for nearly one month. The pain was felt in entire head particularly in the occipital and neck regions. The nature of the pain was throbbing, which worsened in the morning while the patient was in supine position. His headache persisted for all day. There was no nausea and vomiting. Neurological examination was normal. Brain MRI (contrast-enhanced) demonstrated triventricular hydrocephaly with transependymal edema. MR angiography and venography were also normal. Lumbar puncture revealed high cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure (320 cm H2O), normal biochemistry except for mildly elevated protein, and unremarkable microbiological and pathological examination five days, and fundus examination revealed papilledema. Abdominal tomography demonstrated a focal area of increased gastric wall thickening. Result of endoscopic examination was reported as giant ulcer. PET showed increased FDG uptake in the gastric antrum. Gastric biopsy revealed diffuse carcinoma. Ventriculo-peritoneal shunt was performed for hydrocephalus. His treatment continued at medical oncology department. We reported this case since clinical presentation with isolated headache in the patients with gastric carcinoma is a rare condition.
Abstract: Headache, the most common symptom of cerebral dysfunction caused by leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, may be the only symptom. The headache usually results from increased intracranial pressure. Brain metastasis of gastric cancer in particular is rarely encountered and leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LMC) is even less common. Presentation with isolated ...
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Multiphasic Neuromyelitis Optica and Life-threatening: A Case Repport
Patrice Ntenga,
Salaheddine Mourabit,
Soumaila Boubacar,
Ousmane Cissé,
Mouhamed Lelouma Mansare,
Kamadore Touré,
Ndiaye Moustapha,
Mouhamadou Mansour Ndiaye
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, May 2017
Pages:
38-40
Received:
25 February 2017
Accepted:
5 April 2017
Published:
30 April 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.cnn.20170102.13
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Abstract: Neuromyelitisoptica is an inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that affects astrocytes in the optic nerve and the spinal cord. It is characterized by outbreaks of transverse myelitis and retro bulbar optic neuropathy with a pejorative aspect in terms of prognosis and prognosis in the short and medium term. We report the case of A S, 32 years old, male, Senegalese living in Dakar, hospitalized in June 2016 at the neurological clinic of the CHU of FANN, Dakar-Senegal for aneuromyelitisoptica. Magnetic resonance imaging showed cervical myelitis extended to the thoracic cord. The search for antibodies to aquaporin 4 was positive, the visual evoked potential showed P100 latency. Lumbar puncture performed, showed a protein content to 0.73 g/l and 10 elements (cells). The patient was placed under corticosteroid therapy. His clinical picture was stationary in the short term, with a recovery of the walk at 5 months of the appointment.
Abstract: Neuromyelitisoptica is an inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that affects astrocytes in the optic nerve and the spinal cord. It is characterized by outbreaks of transverse myelitis and retro bulbar optic neuropathy with a pejorative aspect in terms of prognosis and prognosis in the short and medium term. We report ...
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The Burden of Geriatric Depression on the Family Caregiver
Onya Obianma Nneka,
Stanley Catherine Nonyelum,
Stanley Princewill Chukwuemeka
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, May 2017
Pages:
41-46
Received:
6 March 2017
Accepted:
28 March 2017
Published:
3 May 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.cnn.20170102.14
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Abstract: The study was done to determine the influence of geriatric depression among the General Outpatient Department of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) attendees on the family caregiver. It is a well known fact that the illness of any member of the family has tremendous impact on other family members in several ways and for several reasons and could actually change the previously existing family dynamics, which in turn could affect the functioning of its members thereby, impacting (most often negatively) on both the recipients of care and the larger society to which the family belongs. Geriatric depression is a chronic debilitating illness often coexisting with other chronic conditions. The family caregivers are therefore saddled with tremendous responsibilities which are expected to take a toll on them. It is against this background that this study was done. A descriptive cross-sectional study of one hundred and fifty randomly selected elderly patients attending the GOPD was carried out along with their family caregivers who were either spouses or older children. A structured questionnaire containing the Geriatric Depression Scale and the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale (ZCBS) was administered to the patients that had satisfied the inclusion criteria, and their family caregivers respectively. Data was entered into the computer using the Epi-info version 6.04 software, and analysed. The care of depressed patients took a toll on the family caregivers making them react adversely thereby worsening the condition of the recipients of care. The result of this study suggests that the depressed elderly respondents had a significant negative influence on the family caregivers.
Abstract: The study was done to determine the influence of geriatric depression among the General Outpatient Department of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH) attendees on the family caregiver. It is a well known fact that the illness of any member of the family has tremendous impact on other family members in several ways and for severa...
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Diagnosis Approach and Management of Rhombencephalitis: Literature Review
Ibrahima Mariam Diallo,
Soumaila Boubacar,
Mohamed Lelouma Mansaré,
Ousmane Cissé,
Japhari Nyassindé,
Marie Emilie Yandé Ndong,
Mame Maïmouna Diaw Santos,
Abou Gueye,
Anna Modji Basse,
Adjaratou Dieynabou Sow,
Marième Soda Diop,
Lala Bouna Seck,
Kamador Touré,
Moustapha Ndiaye,
Amadou Gallo Diop,
Mouhamadou Mansour Ndiaye
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, May 2017
Pages:
47-51
Received:
7 February 2017
Accepted:
30 March 2017
Published:
18 May 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.cnn.20170102.15
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Abstract: Rhombencephalitis refers to inflammatory diseases of the rhombencephalon. We present here a literature review of this pathology. It was originally described by Edwin Bickerstaff and Philip Cloake in 1951. The terms Rhombencephalitis and trunk encephalitis are interchangeable. It is a rare disease but potentially serious. The symptomatology is characterized, in some cases, by fever and alteration of consciousness, but also headache, nausea and vomiting sometimes. An involvement of the cranial nerves in the majority of the cases and or affected of the long ways. Paraclinically, cerebrospinal fluid and cerebral imaging can be normal in paraneoplastic causes or, on the other hand, be pathological in infectio-inflammatory causes. The etiologies are mainly distinguished in infectious, autoimmune and paraneoplastic pathologies. Treatment should be etiological by anti-infectives (antibiotics, antivirals, etc.) targeting curable germs such as listeria, mycobacterium tuberculosis or herpes, and/or symptomatic by corticosteroid or immunoglobulin IV. Rhombencephalitis is a rare nosological entity but is subject to severe neurological sequelae with a high mortality rate.
Abstract: Rhombencephalitis refers to inflammatory diseases of the rhombencephalon. We present here a literature review of this pathology. It was originally described by Edwin Bickerstaff and Philip Cloake in 1951. The terms Rhombencephalitis and trunk encephalitis are interchangeable. It is a rare disease but potentially serious. The symptomatology is chara...
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