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The Feature of Underground Channel for the Wireless Underground Sensor Networks
Farzam Saeednia,
Shapour Khorshidi,
Mohssen Masoumi
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2-1, March 2015
Pages:
1-5
Received:
5 November 2014
Accepted:
7 November 2014
Published:
29 November 2014
Abstract: The propagation characteristics of Electro Magnetic (EM) waves in the soil and also the significant differences between the propagation in the air prevent us from obtaining one direct feature for Wireless Underground Channel. In fact, the underground environment consists of soil, rock and water instead of the air. The challenging reasons of these environments to propagate the wireless signal via the Electro Magnetic (EM) 1 waveguides are considered as: the high path loss, channel dynamic conditions and the high size of antenna. In this study, the details of Bit Error Rate (BER)2 for 2PSK modulations, path loss and the bandwidth of the Magnetic Induction (MI) 3Systems in the underground environment via one small induction coil were evaluated .At the end of this study, a general framework is obtained about the wireless underground communications and wireless underground sensor network. It is concluded that using the proposed framework, the transmission range in MI waves system would be raised and the path loss in that system would be declined severely.
Abstract: The propagation characteristics of Electro Magnetic (EM) waves in the soil and also the significant differences between the propagation in the air prevent us from obtaining one direct feature for Wireless Underground Channel. In fact, the underground environment consists of soil, rock and water instead of the air. The challenging reasons of these e...
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Proper Communicative Protocols in Building Management System
Fereshteh Kheirabadi,
Seyyed Reza Talebiyan
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2-1, March 2015
Pages:
6-11
Received:
5 November 2014
Accepted:
7 November 2014
Published:
24 November 2014
Abstract: Increasing energy consumption, finite energy resources, negative effects of excessive use of energy on environment, and increasing energy price forces administrators and consumers to look for different ways of saving and accurate consumption. Implementing smart systems and managing energy consumption in buildings are examples of applying modern technology. Implementing this technology not only reduces energy consumption, but also provides appropriate situation and increase the welfare of residents. This research studies the concept of Building Management System (BMS) in construction industry, especially reviews some communicative protocols in building management system, and after comparing and analyzing them, proposes X-10 protocol in home automation from cost, time consuming and simplicity of installation aspects.
Abstract: Increasing energy consumption, finite energy resources, negative effects of excessive use of energy on environment, and increasing energy price forces administrators and consumers to look for different ways of saving and accurate consumption. Implementing smart systems and managing energy consumption in buildings are examples of applying modern tec...
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Pitch Aircraft Control with Type-2 FLC and PD Controller
Syed Mohamad Reza Haji Mirzaie,
Hodeiseh Gordan,
Jalil Shirazi,
Amin Nikbakht
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2-1, March 2015
Pages:
12-15
Received:
7 November 2014
Accepted:
10 November 2014
Published:
18 November 2014
Abstract: Aircraft systems are inherently unstable systems. The equations governing the motion of an aircraft are a very complicated set of six non-linear coupled differential equations. The linearized equation around the operating point is simulated in simulink MATLAB software. Also, the linear part of the system of nonlinear equations is simulated in simulink MATLAB software. In this study, combinations of PD controllers with fuzzy controller in a unity feedback system has been employed. This paper gives a comparison between the two types of FLC type-1 and type-2 in order to show the great effect of the new type of FLCs in reducing overshoot of the step response and improving the robustness of the system.
Abstract: Aircraft systems are inherently unstable systems. The equations governing the motion of an aircraft are a very complicated set of six non-linear coupled differential equations. The linearized equation around the operating point is simulated in simulink MATLAB software. Also, the linear part of the system of nonlinear equations is simulated in simul...
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Studying the Effect of Existing Technologies in a Smart Grid for Reducing the Distribution Networks Losses
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2-1, March 2015
Pages:
16-20
Received:
14 November 2014
Accepted:
19 November 2014
Published:
27 December 2014
Abstract: Nowadays, population growth and the electrical load demand on the one hand and rising cost of energy generation on the other hand have led to raises reducing the losses in distribution networks as a serious challenge. According to studies, smart grid is posed as the most important applicable solution to eliminate these problems. The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of communication and information technologies and new control capabilities in smart grids for reducing distribution network dissipations. In this study, a new formulation and an optimal load flow algorithm are used to reduce losses in the smart distribution network. Optimal load flow for a 69-bus IEEE network as well as the installation of the smart network facilities are implemented in the MATLAB and GAMS software and the results show that distribution network losses are greatly reduced.
Abstract: Nowadays, population growth and the electrical load demand on the one hand and rising cost of energy generation on the other hand have led to raises reducing the losses in distribution networks as a serious challenge. According to studies, smart grid is posed as the most important applicable solution to eliminate these problems. The purpose of this...
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Adaptive Noise Cancellation for Eliminating Artifacts of Life Signals Using Fuzzy and Neural Networks
Mohammad Seifi,
Aliakbar Kargaran Erdechi,
Ahmad Hajipour
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2-1, March 2015
Pages:
21-24
Received:
16 November 2014
Accepted:
19 November 2014
Published:
24 November 2014
Abstract: Electroencephalogram (EEG) is one of the commonly used non-invasive techniques for understanding the brain functions. This paper presents a method for removing electroocular (EOG) artifacts in the electroencephalogram (EEG). A new adaptive radial-basis function- networks- (RBFN-) for the adaptive noise cancellation (ANC) problem is proposed. Also, the algorithm of structure identification and parameters adjustment is developed. The proposed RBFN approach implements Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK) fuzzy systems, functionally. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed adaptive RBFN can remove the noise successfully and efficiently with a parsimonious structure.
Abstract: Electroencephalogram (EEG) is one of the commonly used non-invasive techniques for understanding the brain functions. This paper presents a method for removing electroocular (EOG) artifacts in the electroencephalogram (EEG). A new adaptive radial-basis function- networks- (RBFN-) for the adaptive noise cancellation (ANC) problem is proposed. Also,...
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Evaluation of Uncertainties on the Performance of Distance Relay
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2-1, March 2015
Pages:
25-29
Received:
26 November 2014
Accepted:
29 November 2014
Published:
27 December 2014
Abstract: Global demand growth for electric energy has speed up development in designing power systems in order to meet users' needs for providing reliable, cheap and high quality electric energy. In power networks the first zone of distance relay is considered as main protection for transmission lines. Zones 2 and 3 of this relay are considered as supporting protection for next lines. Distance relay can be affected by many factors which are not clear and definite. These factors which are considered as uncertainties are fault resistance, fault in measurement transformers, ground resistance, and change in structure and exploitation conditions. In this article we prove their considering uncertainties approaches zone 1 distance relay extent to 100 percent of protected line provides more reliable protection for transmission lines.
Abstract: Global demand growth for electric energy has speed up development in designing power systems in order to meet users' needs for providing reliable, cheap and high quality electric energy. In power networks the first zone of distance relay is considered as main protection for transmission lines. Zones 2 and 3 of this relay are considered as supportin...
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Design of a PID Feed-Forward Controller for Controlling Output Fluid Temperature in Shell and Tube Hear Exchanger
Navid Khalili Dizaji,
Aidin Sakhvati,
Seyed Hossein Hosseini
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2-1, March 2015
Pages:
30-34
Received:
3 December 2014
Accepted:
4 December 2014
Published:
27 December 2014
Abstract: The most important part in chemical processes, which is directly related to energy consumption, is heat exchanger. Main purpose of heat exchanger is transferring heat from hot fluid to cold fluid. There are different heat exchangers in industry, which their common types are shell and tube heat exchangers. In these heat exchangers, one fluid flows in tubes and the other in shell around tubes. In heat exchangers, one of the important issues is reaching output fluid temperature to given temperature in the least possible time. In this paper, PID controller along with forward-feeding controller was designed to control output fluid temperature of a shell and tube heat exchanger. First, process mathematical modeling is done using experimental data, and then the controller is designed. Designed controller regulates output temperature of heating fluid to a desired point in the least possible time without considering a non-linear process. Then, controller performance is evaluated by unit step response analysis and performance indicators related to the control system. Modeling all processes and designing controllers are done in MATLAB software Simulink.
Abstract: The most important part in chemical processes, which is directly related to energy consumption, is heat exchanger. Main purpose of heat exchanger is transferring heat from hot fluid to cold fluid. There are different heat exchangers in industry, which their common types are shell and tube heat exchangers. In these heat exchangers, one fluid flows i...
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Production of Iridium Metal Thin Films for Application as Electrodes in DRAMs and FRAMs
Sakine Shirvaliloo,
Hale Kangarloo
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2-1, March 2015
Pages:
35-38
Received:
5 December 2014
Accepted:
9 December 2014
Published:
27 December 2014
Abstract: Thin films of Noble metals such as Iridium have several potential applications in ICs. Electronic devices are fabricated on the integrated circuits that include transistor, capacitor and resistance. They can be used as electrodes in DRAMs and FRAMs, and as gate electrodes in MOSFETs. Noble metals are excellent metals for electrode fabrication because chemical stability, highly electrical resistance, highly work function and many of them can withstand highly oxidizing conditions. In this paper, emphasis is on reaction mechanisms and limits, leakage currents, electrodes and electrode interfaces and deposition techniques.
Abstract: Thin films of Noble metals such as Iridium have several potential applications in ICs. Electronic devices are fabricated on the integrated circuits that include transistor, capacitor and resistance. They can be used as electrodes in DRAMs and FRAMs, and as gate electrodes in MOSFETs. Noble metals are excellent metals for electrode fabrication becau...
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A New Attack on Link-State Database in Open Shortest Path First Routing Protocol
Esmail Kaffashi,
Ahmad Madadi Mousavi,
Hamid Rezaei Rahvard,
Sahar Hemmatian Bojnordi,
Forough Khademsadegh,
Soheila Amirian
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2-1, March 2015
Pages:
39-45
Received:
10 December 2014
Accepted:
13 December 2014
Published:
30 December 2014
Abstract: Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol known as interior gateway of routing protocol is a major competitor for Cisco's EIGRP of a special routing protocol. Most attacks on this protocol are based on LSA fake router which the attacker has control over it. These attacks can affect the part of the routing domain or cause severe damage based on the strategic location of the router in the AS to bring domain routing. Attacks that cause much damage to a network security mechanism and enables fight-back will not have effect on routing domain. In this paper we will describe an attack that can arbitrarily change the routing domain routing table with harmfully threats without fight back mechanism enabled.
Abstract: Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol known as interior gateway of routing protocol is a major competitor for Cisco's EIGRP of a special routing protocol. Most attacks on this protocol are based on LSA fake router which the attacker has control over it. These attacks can affect the part of the routing domain or cause severe damage based on the s...
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VoIP Codec Selection for Digital PLC Systems
Maryam Shabro,
Behnam Gholamrezazadeh Family,
Vahid Hammiaty Vaghef
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2-1, March 2015
Pages:
46-49
Received:
19 December 2014
Accepted:
23 December 2014
Published:
31 December 2014
Abstract: IP-based networks developments highly integrate the communication systems and significantly reduce the installation cost. Digital PLC systems with the capability of Ethernet and VoIP services are designed because of the demand of new communication services in the electric power industry. Also due to the limited bandwidth in digital PLC systems, there are several techniques for optimal use of transmission capacity. In this paper, the possibility of using VoIP services in digital PLC systems has been investigated. Many conventional standards are studied for several parameters such as total algorithm delay, voice payload size/duration, packets per second, and bandwidth to select the best codec. Finally, a proper codec is recommended to employ in the digital PLC's VoIP service according to the two important factors in quality of voice services, i.e. available bandwidth and latency.
Abstract: IP-based networks developments highly integrate the communication systems and significantly reduce the installation cost. Digital PLC systems with the capability of Ethernet and VoIP services are designed because of the demand of new communication services in the electric power industry. Also due to the limited bandwidth in digital PLC systems, the...
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Design and Realization of a Miniaturized Low Loss Iris Bandpass Filter on Substrate Integrated Waveguide Configuration in 2.4GHZ Band
Mona Sameri,
Farokh Hojat Kashani
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2-1, March 2015
Pages:
50-54
Received:
12 December 2014
Accepted:
15 December 2014
Published:
23 January 2015
Abstract: In this paper, a fourth order bandpass Chebyshev filter based on Iris discontinuities and using SIW technology is designed. The structure of the filter consists of SIW cavity resonators that are connected to each other with Iris discontinuities, which operate as impedance inverters. This filter is implemented on a substrate of RO4003C with a central frequency of 2.45GHz and a fractional bandwidth of %4.08 and is designed to be used in Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) or Bluetooth. The main idea is to reduce the size of the filter with a factor of two without any distortion in the frequency response. Simulations are done using full-wave HFSS simulator.
Abstract: In this paper, a fourth order bandpass Chebyshev filter based on Iris discontinuities and using SIW technology is designed. The structure of the filter consists of SIW cavity resonators that are connected to each other with Iris discontinuities, which operate as impedance inverters. This filter is implemented on a substrate of RO4003C with a centra...
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Reviewing an Authentication Technique Based on Gait Recognition
Azade Fathipour Dehkordi,
Mehran Emadi
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2-1, March 2015
Pages:
55-57
Received:
5 January 2015
Accepted:
8 January 2015
Published:
23 January 2015
Abstract: Gait recognition based authentication is one of the prominent biometrics which is usually used to secretly recognize people. It recognizes a person according to a sequence of received images. Gait is physiological characteristic of mankind. Gait analysis enables us to authenticate a person from a long distance using low resolution video. The information and properties regarding one person's gait are extracted which makes authentication possible.
Abstract: Gait recognition based authentication is one of the prominent biometrics which is usually used to secretly recognize people. It recognizes a person according to a sequence of received images. Gait is physiological characteristic of mankind. Gait analysis enables us to authenticate a person from a long distance using low resolution video. The inform...
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A Review of Neuro-Fuzzy Systems Based on Intelligent Control
Fatemeh Zahedi,
Zahra Zahedi
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2-1, March 2015
Pages:
58-61
Received:
5 January 2015
Accepted:
8 January 2015
Published:
23 January 2015
Abstract: The system's ability to adapt and self-organize are two key factors when it comes to how well the system can survive the changes to the environment and the plant they work within. Intelligent control improves these two factors in controllers. Considering the increasing complexity of dynamic systems along with their need for feedback controls, using more complicated controls has become necessary and intelligent control can be a suitable response to this necessity. This paper briefly describes the structure of intelligent control and provides a review on fuzzy logic and neural networks which are some of the base methods for intelligent control. The different aspects of these two methods are then compared together and an example of a combined method is presented.
Abstract: The system's ability to adapt and self-organize are two key factors when it comes to how well the system can survive the changes to the environment and the plant they work within. Intelligent control improves these two factors in controllers. Considering the increasing complexity of dynamic systems along with their need for feedback controls, using...
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Performance Comparison for Face Recognition using PCA and DCT
Mozhde Elahi,
Mahsa Gharaee
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2-1, March 2015
Pages:
62-65
Received:
23 December 2014
Accepted:
27 December 2014
Published:
27 January 2015
Abstract: In this paper Performance of Principle Component Analysis and Discrete Cosine Transform methods for feature reduction in face recognition system is compared. In face recognition system, feature extraction is based on wavelet transform and Support Vector Machine classifier for training and recognition is employed. According to experimental results on ORL face dataset the PCA method gives better performance compared to using DCT method.
Abstract: In this paper Performance of Principle Component Analysis and Discrete Cosine Transform methods for feature reduction in face recognition system is compared. In face recognition system, feature extraction is based on wavelet transform and Support Vector Machine classifier for training and recognition is employed. According to experimental results o...
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Evaluation of a New Hybrid Technique Based on DTMOS and PFA to Improve Supply Voltage and Power Consumption of a Class-AB Amplifier
Hossein Movahedi-Aliabad,
Akram Norouzi,
Sepideh Soltanmoradi,
Mahshid Nasserian,
Manijeh Shahi
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2-1, March 2015
Pages:
66-71
Received:
16 January 2015
Accepted:
19 January 2015
Published:
8 February 2015
Abstract: In this paper, two useful techniques of Dynamic Threshold Voltage MOSFET (DTMOS) and Positive Feedback Amplifier (PFA) are investigated separately and are applied simultaneously on a Class-AB Amplifier in the 180 nm CMOS technology. In the first proposed technique, Simulation results show that operating voltage can be limited to ±0.5 V in which the voltage gain and bandwidth are 52.6 dB and 103.51 MHz, respectively. In the second proposed technique, the power consumption is reduced more than 50%, the open-loop gain is enhanced 47% and Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR) improves to 86.5 dB. By applying combination of these two techniques for designing the amplifier, CMRR increases to 92.1 dB and the power consumption reduces to 97 µW with the bandwidth of 59.12 MHz.
Abstract: In this paper, two useful techniques of Dynamic Threshold Voltage MOSFET (DTMOS) and Positive Feedback Amplifier (PFA) are investigated separately and are applied simultaneously on a Class-AB Amplifier in the 180 nm CMOS technology. In the first proposed technique, Simulation results show that operating voltage can be limited to ±0.5 V in which the...
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Cost Effective Method to Locate the Vulnerable Nodes of Circuits Against the Electrical Fast Transients
Behnam Gholamrezazadeh Family,
Vahid Hamiyaty Vaghef,
Maryam Shabro
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2-1, March 2015
Pages:
72-77
Received:
16 January 2015
Accepted:
19 January 2015
Published:
10 February 2015
Abstract: Electrical Fast Transients (EFT) pulses may cause a large number of circuits to fail. Switching power supplies, inductors, contact relays, and high voltage switches electrically or electromagnetically strike the data, address and control lines of processors, memory elements, or even analog parts and leads to soft or permanent errors. In general, compliant test is accomplished to address the susceptibility of circuits to EFT pulses. However, extremely high cost of these tests encounters the compliant test with difficulty. As a result, in this paper a low-cost EFT simulator circuit is proposed to locate the vulnerable parts of the circuit. The approach is easily applicable to any point of any circuit. The design is performed such that the proposed circuit does not damage the Equipment Under Test (EUT). Experimental results show that the proposed approach effectively detects the vulnerable circuits and practically has been used at the design phase of the DTPS-8C device.
Abstract: Electrical Fast Transients (EFT) pulses may cause a large number of circuits to fail. Switching power supplies, inductors, contact relays, and high voltage switches electrically or electromagnetically strike the data, address and control lines of processors, memory elements, or even analog parts and leads to soft or permanent errors. In general, co...
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Optimizing the Performance of Metal-Semiconductor-Metal Photodetectors by Embedding Nanoparticles in the Absorption Layer
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2-1, March 2015
Pages:
78-82
Received:
16 January 2015
Accepted:
19 January 2015
Published:
12 February 2015
Abstract: Metal-Semiconductor-Metal is one of the photodetectors that uses in optical detection. The characteristic of these detectors is improved by Plasmonic Science. Some of these characteristics include higher sensitivity, greater efficiency and improved optical absorption coefficient. Our predictions and the numerical results show high absorption in plasma-based combination of Metal-Semiconductor-Metal photodetectors in embedded Nano-grating and Metallic nanoparticles. The results of the simulation using FDTD simulation software shows that by optimizing the Nano grating metal parameters and embedded metallic nanoparticles, higher electric field is obtained, leading to higher absorption compared with the conventional Metal-Semiconductor-Metal detector. This higher absorption is because of the higher ability of embedded metallic nanoparticles in absorbing the light and scattering properties by conduction electrons via stimulated resonance light from metallic nanoparticles.
Abstract: Metal-Semiconductor-Metal is one of the photodetectors that uses in optical detection. The characteristic of these detectors is improved by Plasmonic Science. Some of these characteristics include higher sensitivity, greater efficiency and improved optical absorption coefficient. Our predictions and the numerical results show high absorption in pla...
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Evaluation Criteria for Reliability in Computer Systems
Esmail Kaffashi,
Soheyla Amirian,
Sahar Hematian Bojnourdy,
Soheila Zahraee
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2-1, March 2015
Pages:
83-87
Received:
16 January 2015
Accepted:
19 January 2015
Published:
12 February 2015
Abstract: Numerical methods, particularly finite element methods, are widely used in solving different problems. Since these methods are approximate, having a real understanding of the distribution of errors is extremely important. With the increasing number of users, the number of cause dfailuresin creases by their fault. In this article we will discuss per formance evaluation system, the performance evaluation of computer and communication systems for quality research that is finding its profit goals for the number of ways to predict the behavior of the system. One of the main parameters in determining the performance evaluation is reliability and because some complex systems cannot be easily modeled by hybrid methods (RBD), we use Markov method.
Abstract: Numerical methods, particularly finite element methods, are widely used in solving different problems. Since these methods are approximate, having a real understanding of the distribution of errors is extremely important. With the increasing number of users, the number of cause dfailuresin creases by their fault. In this article we will discuss per...
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Design and Implementation of a Teleprotection System with Digital and Analog Interfaces
Vahid Hamiyaty Vaghef,
Maryam Shabro,
Behnam Gholamrezazadeh Family
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2-1, March 2015
Pages:
88-91
Received:
16 January 2015
Accepted:
19 January 2015
Published:
12 February 2015
Abstract: Safe and un-interrupted power transmission requires a widespread use of control and protection equipment to avoid fault propagation in power network. Protection systems have been used to detect faults and block them to strike the high voltage lines. The teleprotection system continuously sends commands to remote substation in case of fault identification. Thus, the reliability and transmission time are vital issues to avoid intolerable errors. Teleprotection systems are interface between protection system and communication equipment. This paper proposes a digital teleprotection system to connect to digital communication network. The system is based on line interfaces and in accordance to ITU-T G.703 standard (64kbps and 2Mbps rates). Furthermore, the system benefits from the analog interface and direct analog voice band or optical fibers connection using eight independent commands. The system supports 8 channels simultaneously while its transmission time is 4ms at most.
Abstract: Safe and un-interrupted power transmission requires a widespread use of control and protection equipment to avoid fault propagation in power network. Protection systems have been used to detect faults and block them to strike the high voltage lines. The teleprotection system continuously sends commands to remote substation in case of fault identifi...
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A Detailed Comparison Between FOC and DTC Methods of a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive
Navid Maleki,
Mohammad Reza Alizadeh Pahlavani,
Iman Soltani
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2-1, March 2015
Pages:
92-100
Received:
8 February 2015
Accepted:
9 February 2015
Published:
27 February 2015
Abstract: This paper focuses on detail comparison between two common control methods including Field Oriented Control (FOC) and Direct Torque Control (DTC) of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous (PMS) motor. The main characteristics of the motor such as torque, flux and speed under different operation conditions are studied and the advantages of FOC and DTC are obtained. It can be concluded that although both the DTC and FOC methods have different structures but the motor has the same behavior on the control methods. Thus, it is concluded that both the methods can be implemented as the Direct Flux Ccontrol (DFC) and can be applied as an optimized method of PMS motor control in the industry applications.
Abstract: This paper focuses on detail comparison between two common control methods including Field Oriented Control (FOC) and Direct Torque Control (DTC) of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous (PMS) motor. The main characteristics of the motor such as torque, flux and speed under different operation conditions are studied and the advantages of FOC and DTC are...
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A Study of Reactive Power Requirements of Traditional and Restructured Power System
Laleh Haddadi,
Abolfazl Pirayesh Neghab,
Seid Babak Mozafari,
Morteza Ghasem Salamroodi
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2-1, March 2015
Pages:
101-106
Received:
8 February 2015
Accepted:
9 February 2015
Published:
5 March 2015
Abstract: Due to importance of requirements of reactive power in a power system, by employing probabilistic load flow with Monte Carlo method we can gain the exact value of requirement reactive power of system in a traditional and a restructured power system. In this paper the main object is the examination of effect of random changes in load, generation and price on all requirement reactive power of system as well as the amount of reactive power of each bus. Effective parameters in reactive power distribution are determined and an effective probable model for each of parameters is presented. The simulation results are used by network management for reactive power and voltage control service contracts. The results of analysis in two environments (traditional and restructured power system) are shown. The Monte Carlo method and MATLAB software is used, and studies are done on 30 buses IEEE system that is modeled by MATPOWER software.
Abstract: Due to importance of requirements of reactive power in a power system, by employing probabilistic load flow with Monte Carlo method we can gain the exact value of requirement reactive power of system in a traditional and a restructured power system. In this paper the main object is the examination of effect of random changes in load, generation and...
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Thickness Simulation and Analysis of CdS/CdTe Solar Cell to Increase the Efficiency and Decrease the Toxicant Material of Cadmium
Amirhasan Behrouzi,
Seyyed Reza Talebiyan
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2-1, March 2015
Pages:
107-110
Received:
18 November 2016
Accepted:
21 November 2016
Published:
8 December 2016
Abstract: Population growth as well as the growth in energy demand is one of the most challenging problems in the world. Therefore, there is great need of green energy technologies and one of the green energy resources is solar cell that converts sun rays in a photovoltaic way into electrical energy. Firstly, we have presented a structure and after simulating this structure and reaching to approximately close results we expect any improvement in simulated model can be accessible in manufactured model. In this article, synchronous analysis of layer thickness for reaching to the maximum efficiency has been done. Our analysis performs to maximize the efficiency and minimize the thickness of layers with toxicant and expensive cd material. The results, shows increase of the efficiency and extreme decreasing in Cd layers thickness.
Abstract: Population growth as well as the growth in energy demand is one of the most challenging problems in the world. Therefore, there is great need of green energy technologies and one of the green energy resources is solar cell that converts sun rays in a photovoltaic way into electrical energy. Firstly, we have presented a structure and after simulatin...
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Maximization Lifetime in Wireless Sensor Network by Fuzzy Logic for Cluster Head Selection
Ali Pirasteh,
Mohammadsajad Ahmadi,
Hosein Seyedi
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2-1, March 2015
Pages:
111-115
Received:
25 November 2016
Accepted:
29 November 2016
Published:
8 December 2016
Abstract: Lifetime enhancement has always been of crucial importance for energy constrained sensor network due to resource limitations of sensor nodes. The energy of sensor nodes is mostly utilized for data transmission to the base station. clustering which could increase the network life time indirectly; so, various algorithms have been proposed for clustering and cluster-head selection, and LEACH is one of the most important algorithms. In this article, we offer a new and effective design to cluster and select the best possible cluster-head and also to have the best energy consumption and as a result to increase the network life time, using fuzzy logic inference system. In our offered algorithm, applying some effective and basic parameters in fuzzy inference system, we have increased the network life time and also the mean energy consumption into the LEACH algorithm.
Abstract: Lifetime enhancement has always been of crucial importance for energy constrained sensor network due to resource limitations of sensor nodes. The energy of sensor nodes is mostly utilized for data transmission to the base station. clustering which could increase the network life time indirectly; so, various algorithms have been proposed for cluster...
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