Research Article
Determination of Chemical Constituents and Trace Elements in Ground Drinking Water Around Chiro Town, West Hararghe, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 4, December 2025
Pages:
77-83
Received:
15 October 2025
Accepted:
25 October 2025
Published:
19 December 2025
Abstract: This study evaluated the physicochemical quality of two drinking water samples collected from the Addis Ketema borewell and Arba Rakkatte, and designated as AK and AR, respectively, to evaluate their compliance with the World Health Organization (WHO) and Ethiopian Compulsory Standards (ECS) for potable water. Thirteen parameters were analyzed, including pH, total dissolved and suspended solids (TDS and TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total hardness (TH), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), alkalinity, and selected trace metals (Mn, Ni, Fe, and Zn). The results showed that the pH values (6.92–7.01) were within the permissible range, while TDS (470–560mg/L) and TSS (0mg/L) indicated good mineral balance. The COD values were zero, suggesting the absence of organic pollution. However, total hardness values (382.08–418.56mg/L) slightly exceeded the Ethiopian limit (300mg/L), primarily due to high calcium and magnesium concentrations. All trace metal concentrations (Mn, Ni, Fe, Zn) were well below permissible limits, indicating negligible contamination from metallic sources. Overall, both samples met the essential WHO and ECS requirements, except for hardness, which categorizes the water as very hard but not harmful to health. The findings confirm that the water is safe for drinking and household use; nevertheless, mild softening treatment is recommended to improve domestic suitability.
Abstract: This study evaluated the physicochemical quality of two drinking water samples collected from the Addis Ketema borewell and Arba Rakkatte, and designated as AK and AR, respectively, to evaluate their compliance with the World Health Organization (WHO) and Ethiopian Compulsory Standards (ECS) for potable water. Thirteen parameters were analyzed, inc...
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Research Article
Quantum Chemical Study of Methyl Substituent's Position on Quinoline for Inhibition of Aluminium Corrosion inHydrochloric Acid Solution
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 4, December 2025
Pages:
84-95
Received:
27 June 2025
Accepted:
14 July 2025
Published:
24 December 2025
Abstract: Quantum chemical study of some methylquinolines on inhibition of aluminium corrosion in hydrochloric acid and effect of methyl group at 5, 7 and 8 position on quinoline was investigated theoretically with the aid of material studio using density functional theory (DFT). The simulations were performed by means of the DFT electronic program DMol3 using the Mulliken population analysis in the Material Studio. DMol3 permitted the analysis of the electronic structures and energies of molecules, solids and surfaces. The analysis of the quantum chemical parameters, the adsorption parameters form the simulation of the molecules, the Mulliken and Hirshfeld values of the fukui indices for the three molecules of the 5-MeQ, 7-MeQ and 8-MeQ indicated that all the three molecules exhibits high potential for inhibition of aluminium corrosion in HCl environment, with 5-MeQ being the best among all. The most popular parameters which play a prominent role are the eigen values of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), the HOMO-LUMO gap (ΔE), chemical hardness and softness, electro-negativity and the number of electrons transferred from inhibitor molecule to the metal surface. All the molecules showed good corrosion inhibition tendency, however, 5-MeQ molecule gives better aluminium corrosion inhibition potential than other two molecules. The orientation of the Methyl substituent on the core quinoline was found to be responsible for intra-molecular intraction which leads to weaker attraction to the aluminium surface for the 7-MeQ and 8-MeQ molecules hence lower corrosion inhibition tendency than 5-MeQ molecule despite having the same molecular mass.
Abstract: Quantum chemical study of some methylquinolines on inhibition of aluminium corrosion in hydrochloric acid and effect of methyl group at 5, 7 and 8 position on quinoline was investigated theoretically with the aid of material studio using density functional theory (DFT). The simulations were performed by means of the DFT electronic program DMol3 usi...
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,
Berhanu Amenu Abdeta
