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Benefit of Compressor Washing on Power Output in Oil and Gas Applications
Enyia James Diwa,
Dodeye Ina Igbong,
Archibong Eso Archibong,
Ukpabio Ekpeyong Eyo
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, October 2017
Pages:
239-246
Received:
2 August 2017
Accepted:
14 August 2017
Published:
30 August 2017
Abstract: Fouling in gas turbine compressor has proven to be inevitable, but online compressor washing has shown to be promising in mitigating the effects of fouling. Despite the several researches and experiments carried out in laboratories or actual engine operations as presented in literatures, the economic benefit is always very important. This research aim to present the optimum online compressor water washes frequency and determines the creep life of the high pressure turbine HPT, which in this case is the first and second stage of the rotor blades. A Siemens twin shaft industrial gas turbine (SGT200 Tornado) was used for the performance simulation and degradation model. The engine code for Tornado gas turbine was not available in the Turbomatch library, as such data provided by engine manufacturer (Siemens, Lincoln, UK), was applied at the design point and the Turbomatch engine program ran successfully for both design and off-design point with the supplied data. The engine model was deteriorated with knowledge of underlying fouling mechanism and the possibility to apply the design point data using Pythia software and the non-linear gas path analysis with measurable parameters. Larson-Miller parameter LMP approach was applied in determining the effect of increasing turbine entry temperature TET on high power turbine HPT creep life. Hence, the compressor wash optimisation was determined, and the optimum online compressor wash interval was found to be once in every four days. The sensitivity analysis for the price of electricity, shutdown cost, fuel price, and degradation rate was tested, and the results are presented.
Abstract: Fouling in gas turbine compressor has proven to be inevitable, but online compressor washing has shown to be promising in mitigating the effects of fouling. Despite the several researches and experiments carried out in laboratories or actual engine operations as presented in literatures, the economic benefit is always very important. This research ...
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Experimental Studies on Micropumps Using Rotational/Reciprocating Motions of Magnetic Material Balls
Hiroshige Kumamaru,
Yoshio Nomura,
Fuma Sakata,
Hayata Fujiwara,
Kazuhiro Itoh
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, October 2017
Pages:
247-252
Received:
10 July 2017
Accepted:
21 July 2017
Published:
18 September 2017
Abstract: In application of micropumps to new fields in chemistry, biology, medical science and others, smaller sizes are supposed to be important rather than higher pump performance. In this study, considering from such a view point, micropumps using rotational and reciprocating motions of magnetic material balls were proposed and studied experimentally. The pump performance, i.e. the relation between flow rate and pump head are measured from liquid level changes in two containers connected to the inlet and outlet of the micropump. For the rotational motion micropump, while the maximum flow rate obtained, ~2 mL/min, is large enough as a micropump, the maximum pump head achieved, ~15 mm, is small even for a micropump. It is desirable to increase the pump head furthermore for this micropump. For the reciprocating motion micropump, the maximum flow rate obtained and the maximum pump head achieved are ~7.5 mL/min and ~625 mm, respectively. These values of the pump performance are sufficient as a micropump. Both the micropumps can be incorporated into microfluidic devices (tips) and can pump arbitrary kind of liquid.
Abstract: In application of micropumps to new fields in chemistry, biology, medical science and others, smaller sizes are supposed to be important rather than higher pump performance. In this study, considering from such a view point, micropumps using rotational and reciprocating motions of magnetic material balls were proposed and studied experimentally. Th...
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Design, Manufacture and Performance Evaluation of a Soybean Paddle Thresher with a Blower
Philip Yamba,
Enoch Asuako Larson,
Zakaria Issaka,
Anthony Akayeti
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, October 2017
Pages:
253-258
Received:
15 July 2017
Accepted:
21 July 2017
Published:
25 September 2017
Abstract: Soybeans threshing is traditionally done by hand beating with a wooden stick on a hard surface which is a drudgeries operation which leads to time-consuming, grain damage and grain loss due to shattering for small-scale farmers. Therefore, a soybeans manual thresher (Pedal operated) machine attached to a blower was designed, manufactured and its performance evaluated to help eradicate this problem by reducing labor, improve post-harvest, and increase income to small-scale farmers. The thresher consists of a hopper, drum, shaft on bearings, frame, beaters, blower, chain, and sprocket power transmission, pedal and seat. The thresher was fabricated with sheets and angle iron and the mechanism is based on a combination of impact, compression, and shear. Two levels of moisture content level were combined to evaluate the performance of thresher in terms of its capacity, threshing efficiency and percentage grain damage. The combination of dried and wet sample mixture at a feed rate of 25kg yielded maximum threshing capacity of 96 kg/hr, 98.6% maximum threshing efficiency and minimum percent grain damage of 3.5% results was recorded, which was very satisfactory.
Abstract: Soybeans threshing is traditionally done by hand beating with a wooden stick on a hard surface which is a drudgeries operation which leads to time-consuming, grain damage and grain loss due to shattering for small-scale farmers. Therefore, a soybeans manual thresher (Pedal operated) machine attached to a blower was designed, manufactured and its pe...
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Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer of CuO Nanofluid Using Eulerian-Eulerian Two Phase Model
Farhad Abbassi Amiri,
Mohsen Nazari,
Mohammad Mohsen Shahmardan
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, October 2017
Pages:
259-268
Received:
8 September 2017
Accepted:
20 September 2017
Published:
26 September 2017
Abstract: In this study, laminar forced convection of CuO nanofluid is numerically investigated in sudden expansion microchannel with expansion ratio of 3:1 and isotherm walls. The importance and developments of microfluidic devices, like expansion microchannel, has caused that the investigation of the flow and the heat transfer of nanofluid in sudden expansion microchannel to be so important. On the other hand, the two phase models can be used instead of single phase model very well. Among two phase models, Eulerian-Eulerian model is very efficient because of considering the relative velocity and temperature of the phases and the nanoparticle concentration distribution. An Eulerian two-fluid model is considered to simulate the nanofluid flow inside the microchannel and the governing mass, momentum and energy equations for both phases are solved using the finite volume method. It can be observed that the Eulerian two phase model of the CuO nanofluid enhances the heat transfer instead of using pure water as a coolant. Reynolds number and nanoparticle volume concentration increase the average Nusselt number, while the pressure drop increases only slightly. Also, the heat transfer increases with decrease in the nanoparticle diameter.
Abstract: In this study, laminar forced convection of CuO nanofluid is numerically investigated in sudden expansion microchannel with expansion ratio of 3:1 and isotherm walls. The importance and developments of microfluidic devices, like expansion microchannel, has caused that the investigation of the flow and the heat transfer of nanofluid in sudden expans...
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Factors Affecting Technological Growth in Nigeria and the Way Forward
Isioto Nte Nathaniel,
Philip-kpae Friday O.,
Dickson Rachael
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, October 2017
Pages:
269-274
Received:
16 May 2017
Accepted:
11 July 2017
Published:
20 October 2017
Abstract: This paper spotlights Nigeria’s technological antecedence and the factors affecting Nigeria’s technological growth with a view to proffering solution for a robust technological and industrialized structural framework as a way forward to achieving sustainable technological growth. Majorly, due to relegation of useful indigenous technology as a result of distractions, inability to comprehend what actually is the meaning of technology, inability to identify her appropriate technology and the guiding principle for technology transfer, among others have made it vivid that after over fifty years of independence, Nigeria has been depending, in several areas, on foreign nations for her various technological and industrial needs. This research paper relied majorly on information sources, such as government documents, academic journals and articles, conference papers and personal observations and interactions with people carrying this same burden for Nigeria. From the study, colonialism truncated and hindered improvement in the indigenous skills and techniques of the pre-colonial economy. However, the development of indigenous skills and techniques of pre-colonial Nigeria is a pre-requisite to sound technological growth, rather than depending on foreign inputs, which must be properly monitored and developed to set the pace for Nigeria’s industrialization.
Abstract: This paper spotlights Nigeria’s technological antecedence and the factors affecting Nigeria’s technological growth with a view to proffering solution for a robust technological and industrialized structural framework as a way forward to achieving sustainable technological growth. Majorly, due to relegation of useful indigenous technology as a resul...
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Computation of Micro-Strains in Cold Formed Steels- FEA Approach
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, October 2017
Pages:
275-281
Received:
24 December 2016
Accepted:
6 January 2017
Published:
30 October 2017
Abstract: This paper describes the computations of micro-strains at inner corner of cold formed rectangular hollow sections (CFRHS) made up of structural steels using finite element analysis. In order to obtain the micro-strains, distortion test is simulated by modeling two-dimensional structural steel tubes in ANSYS software. Two dimensional linear static analyses are performed by defining elastic properties of steel. These simulations were performed for tubes with outer radius to thickness (ro/t) ratios of 3. In real distortion tests, the direction of force at outer corner of the tube may vary in terms of angle. Therefore, this fact is taken into account while performing simulations. One more aspect is taken into consideration which is related to strain gauge placement during distortion testing. This problem is analyzed by modeling three-dimensional structural tubes and performing linear static analyses to investigate the variations in strains at inner bent section of the tube with different strain gauge locations.
Abstract: This paper describes the computations of micro-strains at inner corner of cold formed rectangular hollow sections (CFRHS) made up of structural steels using finite element analysis. In order to obtain the micro-strains, distortion test is simulated by modeling two-dimensional structural steel tubes in ANSYS software. Two dimensional linear static a...
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Feature Estimation and Registration of Point Clouds in Reverse Engineering
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 5, October 2017
Pages:
282-286
Received:
24 March 2017
Accepted:
8 April 2017
Published:
30 October 2017
Abstract: Cultural relic is the carrier of information, such as production, life, science and technology, art and so on. However, due to natural and man-made reasons, artifacts are often destroyed. Excavation site is the most common variety of cultural relics, the need for cultural relics repair. Because the artifacts are generally made on the rotating disk, so the object of this study is the rotating debris. The geometric characteristics of the rotating body are the rotation axis, the contour line, the radius of rotation and the angle of fit. Estimate the overall characteristics of the rotary body have important reference value for computer aided restoration of cultural relics. The efficiency and precision of the axis of rotation, contour is estimated by different methods are different, which will directly affect the follow-up work of this paper focuses on the stitching, from the axis of rotation estimation, contour calculation, rotation radius and central angle calculation is discussed.
Abstract: Cultural relic is the carrier of information, such as production, life, science and technology, art and so on. However, due to natural and man-made reasons, artifacts are often destroyed. Excavation site is the most common variety of cultural relics, the need for cultural relics repair. Because the artifacts are generally made on the rotating disk,...
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