Site of Jesus Baptism: From Discovery to World List Heritage
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, June 2019
Pages:
1-7
Received:
28 January 2019
Accepted:
20 March 2019
Published:
15 May 2019
Abstract: The Baptism Site “Bethany beyond the Jordan” (Al-Maghtas) is located in the Jordan RiftValley, north of the Dead Sea between two major sites Jerusalem to the west, and Mount Nebo to the east. The site was discovered during 1996,excavations revealed the presenceof threedistinct archaeological areas on the eastern bank of Jordan River, first,Tell al-Kharrar, also known as Jabal Mar Elias (Elijahs Hill) second, the area of the Monastery with its Large Pool, and third,Churches of St. John the Baptist. “Bethany beyond the Jordan” is of immense religious significance to the majority of denominations of Christian faith all over the world, who have accepted this site with its architectural remains and arts as the location where Jesus of Nazareth was baptized by John the Baptist. This reference encouraged generations of monks, hermits, pilgrims, priests and believers to reside in and visit the site, and to leave behind testimonies of their devotion and religious activities, dating to between the 1st and the 18th century AD.At present, the site has regained a popular status as pilgrimage destination for Christians, who continue to engage in baptism rituals on site. The site has gained the recognition of various churches around the world as World List Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2015 and considered as the actual site where early believers formed the early community of Christianity. The recovered architectural remains such as churches,mosaic floors,caves, andwater system,represent a majorcomplex built during Byzantine Period to commemorate sacred events for early believes.Since the excavations completed during 2002,the site has been extensively developed by the joint ofJordan Ministry of Tourism and Department ofAntiquities, but sensitively so - visitor numbers are controlled and the Visitors' Centre has been located at some distance from the site in an effort to preserve its sanctity. Other facilities include a restaurant, parking, and new churches werebuilt in the Baptism Sitefor praying.
Abstract: The Baptism Site “Bethany beyond the Jordan” (Al-Maghtas) is located in the Jordan RiftValley, north of the Dead Sea between two major sites Jerusalem to the west, and Mount Nebo to the east. The site was discovered during 1996,excavations revealed the presenceof threedistinct archaeological areas on the eastern bank of Jordan River, first,Tell al-...
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Bio-Restoration of Mural Paintings Using Viable Cells of Pseudomonas stutzeri and Characterization of These Murals
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, June 2019
Pages:
8-16
Received:
15 May 2019
Accepted:
12 June 2019
Published:
13 July 2019
Abstract: In the 19th-century Egypt had a strong earthquake leads to damage of several mural paintings. Mural paintings in Ali kadkhoda house (El Rabiemaya), in Cairo, Egypt were among the affected. According to these damages the mural paintings were pre-consolidated and covered by medical gauze and animal glue as an adhesive under extremely dangerous conditions. The traditional conservation methodology as hot water, and acrylics that carried on these mural paintings to strip the medical gauze and animal glue showed no positive results and caused removal of the pigments. Viable bacterial cells of Pseudomonas stutzeri, were used with Broth- animal glue media mixed with agar as a delivery system (gel material) to remove the polymerized animal glue only in 3hours at 35°C. The effectiveness of the bio-cleaning test was assessed. The results confirmed the success of this cleaning biotechnology to remove the animal glue as an organic matter without side effects on the mural paintings pigments. The Bio-restoration technique was safe, low-cost, non-invasive, time saving, and risk-free. Silver nano particles were used to sterilization the mural paintings after final step in the bio-restoration process to insure the death of bacterial cells. At the end, the mural paintings were characterized using SEM-EDX, FTIR, and XRD.
Abstract: In the 19th-century Egypt had a strong earthquake leads to damage of several mural paintings. Mural paintings in Ali kadkhoda house (El Rabiemaya), in Cairo, Egypt were among the affected. According to these damages the mural paintings were pre-consolidated and covered by medical gauze and animal glue as an adhesive under extremely dangerous condit...
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Thermoluminesence and Radiocarbon Dates in the Brick Structures of GoThap Site in the Lower Mekong Delta Basin
Nguyen Quang Mien,
Nguyen Quang Bac,
Bui Van Loat,
Vu Anh Hung
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, June 2019
Pages:
17-23
Received:
2 July 2019
Accepted:
23 July 2019
Published:
8 August 2019
Abstract: The Go Thap site, formerly known as Prasat Pream Loven, is an area of six square kilometers with several small mounds on a dune running from northeast to southwest. It is situated in Thap Muoi district, Dong Thap province, Mekong Delta of Southern Vietnam. French archaeologists first explored the site during the end of the nineteenth and at the beginning of the twentieth century. This paper will establish a preliminary research of the monuments at the Go Thap site. The archaeological excavations during from 2012 to 2014 have discovered these brick monuments. We believe they are architectural foundations made of bricks sturctures. The Radiocarbon dating of the charcoal objects collected from layers of excavation indicates that these objects are from between the first late millennium BC and the middle of the first millennium AD. These dates are consistent with the time of initial occupation of Go Thap in the first century BC. The thermoluminesene dating of ancient ceramic fragments found at the excavation holes are from 2nd century BC and 1st century AD. These thermoluminescence dates corresponded with the data from Angkor Borei site in Cambodia.
Abstract: The Go Thap site, formerly known as Prasat Pream Loven, is an area of six square kilometers with several small mounds on a dune running from northeast to southwest. It is situated in Thap Muoi district, Dong Thap province, Mekong Delta of Southern Vietnam. French archaeologists first explored the site during the end of the nineteenth and at the beg...
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