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The Truth about Sale of Antique Items in Sri Lanka: An Inquisitor Study of the Antiques Market in the Galle Fort
Upeksha Gamage,
Chandrasiri Chithrananda,
Thushari Sandya Thilakarathna
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2018
Pages:
1-8
Received:
24 February 2018
Accepted:
11 March 2018
Published:
9 April 2018
Abstract: According to current international charters on antiquities and cultural conventions, it has been generally accepted that such items belonging to more than hundred years old are commonly referred to as an antique. Whenever definition made of such item based on the characteristics of identical features, period, usefulness, artistry, rarity, condition, material, relationship with the human being and other features were taken as basic determines. Necessary steps have been taken to protect certain historical and cultural properties enforced under various charters. The antiquities in Sri Lanka are bought illegally by foreigners under the knowledge of persons belonging to them. Thus the important historical artifacts transported to foreign countries, no such record or evidence is available to the Sri Lankans. They gather historical items and illegally sell them constantly. In this research work, much attention was paid towards historical antique market existing in and around ancient-fortress at Galle in Sri Lanka. The reason to select Galle fort was being the center of tourism plus the widely distribute in antique market. This article has investigated on the magnitude of the sale of antiquities, legality of existing sale-procedures, categories and prices of such historical items, mostly marketed items and of their prices.
Abstract: According to current international charters on antiquities and cultural conventions, it has been generally accepted that such items belonging to more than hundred years old are commonly referred to as an antique. Whenever definition made of such item based on the characteristics of identical features, period, usefulness, artistry, rarity, condition...
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Conservation and Restoration of Deteriorated Greco - Roman Organic Dedicatory Panels in Atfiyah Museum Store – Egypt Applied on a Chosen Object
Rabea Radi Abdel Kader,
Shaimaa Sayed Mohamed El-Sayed
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2018
Pages:
9-17
Received:
22 January 2018
Accepted:
7 February 2018
Published:
3 May 2018
Abstract: Egypt is famous of its Greco – Roman heritage especially dedicatory panels which were made or carved of stone but it was found very unique colored dedicatory panels which were made of wood covered with textile and had colored view from wood in the surface, these dedicatory panels were very weak and deteriorated, the textile was lost in many places and fragile in the other ones, the wooden panel was very weak also because of the Biodeterioration factors ( Fungi and insects), samples were taken from the wooden panel and textile to identify them, also samples from the red, yellow and black pigments were taken and analyzed with the elemental analysis unit attached with Scanning Electron Microscope ( EDAX), biological swabs were taken also to identify the microorganisms which grew on the panel. After the identification of the materials, Restoration processes were started, first the dust and the dirties on the surface were cleaned, then, the consolidation with Klucel - G with concentration 4 % dissolved in ethyl alcohol, after that, the loss in the wooden panel was completed, the dedicatory panel was ready for the display or storage in the museum, all of these processes will be presented in this research with pictures to explain the restoration processes of this unique dedicatory panel.
Abstract: Egypt is famous of its Greco – Roman heritage especially dedicatory panels which were made or carved of stone but it was found very unique colored dedicatory panels which were made of wood covered with textile and had colored view from wood in the surface, these dedicatory panels were very weak and deteriorated, the textile was lost in many places ...
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The Malacological Evidence of Animal Remains from the Areni-1 Cave, Armenia
Noushig Zarikian,
Laura Arutyunova,
Boris Gasparyan
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2018
Pages:
18-22
Received:
28 March 2018
Accepted:
12 April 2018
Published:
8 May 2018
Abstract: Systematic archaeological excavations at Areni-1 cave in the Republic of Armenia provided rich archaeozoological remains, among of which a large collection of water and terrestrial mollusks remains in different preserving degree (Phylum Mollusca) was separated. The recorded species mainly belong to the class Gastropoda (9 families, 8 genera, 8 species), which provide important information about the prevailing ecology during the periods of habitation and usage of the cave by Late Chalcolithic and Medieval inhabitants. The archaeological and zoological evidence could suggest a possible occurrence of rodents and birds, which are predators feeding on land mollusks. Finally, snail assemblages of Areni-1 cave suggest, that the climate regimes, vegetation and environment are similar to the present.
Abstract: Systematic archaeological excavations at Areni-1 cave in the Republic of Armenia provided rich archaeozoological remains, among of which a large collection of water and terrestrial mollusks remains in different preserving degree (Phylum Mollusca) was separated. The recorded species mainly belong to the class Gastropoda (9 families, 8 genera, 8 spec...
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Lithic Variability and Techno-Economy of the Initial Upper Palaeolithic in the Levant
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2018
Pages:
23-36
Received:
18 May 2018
Accepted:
6 June 2018
Published:
29 June 2018
Abstract: The Levant forms a geographic bridge between Africa and Eurasia, making it a focal point for research on past human dispersals. The Initial Upper Palaeolithic (IUP) of the Levant is commonly associated with Homo sapiens’ dispersal from Africa to Eurasia, which is characterised by substantial changes in material culture when compared to the preceding Middle Palaeolithic. While many researchers have noticed considerable variability among these IUP lithic assemblages, a systematic evaluation is currently missing. The study presented here addresses this cavity by employing techno-typological data from relevant Levantine IUP assemblages. Statistical methods, namely principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) allow structuring these assemblages into distinct groups. These groups are then reviewed against palaeogeographic data and techno-economic behaviour patterns. Results show that IUP assemblages in the Mediterranean zone are similar to each other in regards to techno-typology, palaeogeography and techno-economic behaviour, being indicative of residential base camps. Contrastingly, assemblages in the semi-arid zone are more variable in regards to techno-typology and techno-economy, indicating more specialised activities such as hunting/butchering, which is often combined with local raw material exploitation.
Abstract: The Levant forms a geographic bridge between Africa and Eurasia, making it a focal point for research on past human dispersals. The Initial Upper Palaeolithic (IUP) of the Levant is commonly associated with Homo sapiens’ dispersal from Africa to Eurasia, which is characterised by substantial changes in material culture when compared to the precedi...
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A New Insight to the Persis Kings (Frataraka)
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2018
Pages:
37-45
Received:
21 April 2018
Accepted:
5 May 2018
Published:
15 September 2018
Abstract: History of Persia after the Alexander, which is called Hellenism, was written by local available resources to revive the history of local governments during Seleucids and Arsacids, especially the Persislocal government. No doubt the most useful and documented local resources are the coins minted by the Persis local kings which shows the Pars Province had internal autonomy for a while ruled by local governors. The present study covers a period from 300 B.C. until 130 B.C. in which reviewing the first group of coins of Persis kings well known as Frataraka. It carried out as a field and library research gathered and reviewed coins of Persis kings preserved at some museums such as Bank Sepah Museum, Ancient Iran Museum, Iran Money Museum and some official numismatic catalogues. No doubt, these coins contain some special political and religious symbols rooted in their past. The present study is aimed to review the historical events within the aforementioned period relied on knowledge of numismatics, which carried out by descriptive – analytical method in order to represent an exact history of Persis local government (Frataraka).
Abstract: History of Persia after the Alexander, which is called Hellenism, was written by local available resources to revive the history of local governments during Seleucids and Arsacids, especially the Persislocal government. No doubt the most useful and documented local resources are the coins minted by the Persis local kings which shows the Pars Provin...
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Maya Cultural Landscapes and the Subterranean: Assessing a Century of Chultun Research
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, June 2018
Pages:
46-55
Received:
1 August 2018
Accepted:
15 August 2018
Published:
21 September 2018
Abstract: The function of chultuns, man-made subterranean chambers, in the southern Maya lowlands has been debated for over a century, with food storage being the most widely accepted proposal. Experimental archaeology shows, however, that none of the major Maya subsistence crops can be stored in chultuns because of their high humidity. Maya archaeology is currently at an impasse, espousing a storage function that is refuted by the data. Cave archaeology, with its intimate knowledge of subterranean space, has a decidedly different view. Ethnohistorical sources and ethnography document the fact that holes, even those dug for mining, are seen by the Maya as being caves, so one should expect chultuns to have had a religious function. Furthermore, in actual practice, there is considerable overlap between chultuns and caves, with a number of chultuns being identified as natural caves exhibiting an artificial entrance carved into them. Additionally, a number of chultuns are large enough that they could be classified as man-made caves. Religious functions have been repeatedly overlooked because of archaeologists’ insistence on a utilitarian function and further exacerbated by ignorance of Maya religion and ritual. It is shown that many chultuns have cosmological alignments, being placed along center lines or centered under structures or plazas. In proposing that chultuns functioned as sites of household ritual, considerable evidence is mustered to support an explanation that is more in accord with a realistic anthropological view of the Maya. The implications for sacred landscapes are profound in that thousands of sacred landmarks would be added to every site.
Abstract: The function of chultuns, man-made subterranean chambers, in the southern Maya lowlands has been debated for over a century, with food storage being the most widely accepted proposal. Experimental archaeology shows, however, that none of the major Maya subsistence crops can be stored in chultuns because of their high humidity. Maya archaeology is c...
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