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Review Article
Major Constraints and Opportunities of Poultry Production in Ethiopia: Review
Efrem Asfaw*
,
Daba Etana
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
22-27
Received:
10 April 2025
Accepted:
23 April 2025
Published:
29 May 2025
Abstract: Poultry sector holds significant potential to contribute to income generation, food security, and employment opportunities; particularly it is the most significant livestock sub-sector for Ethiopia's rural populations. However, despite these potentials, the sector faces several challenges; diseases, shortage of feed, and predators are the majors. Disease often bottleneck due to lack of awareness about antibiotic and how to use antibiotic is becoming critical factor for high mortality rate. Poultry ingredients/feeds have been facing absence of availability, affordability and market competition with human food that decrease supply of feedstuff which may limit the future expansion poultry production and cost of feeds in the country. Despite the constraints, considerable opportunities are there in poultry production that enhances its investment and profitability in the country. The low investment costs, and small quantity of land needed, government initiative to create a conducive environment for foreign and local investors and improving legal frameworks and working procedures, export advantage to neighbors countries, good opportunity to invest in feed production, existence of different research institutions working on feeds and nutrition, health, genetic improvement and management practices that will support the expansion, production and productivity of poultry industry in Ethiopia are the major opportunities in the sector. By leveraging the available opportunities and addressing the challenges, Ethiopia can unlock the full potential of its poultry industry and enhance its contribution to national economic development and food security.
Abstract: Poultry sector holds significant potential to contribute to income generation, food security, and employment opportunities; particularly it is the most significant livestock sub-sector for Ethiopia's rural populations. However, despite these potentials, the sector faces several challenges; diseases, shortage of feed, and predators are the majors. D...
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Research Article
Assessment of Reproductive Performance and Breeding Objective of Blackhead Somali Sheep in Korahey Zone, Somali Region, Ethiopia
Ayana Birhanu*,
Wondimagegn Tadesse
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
28-37
Received:
14 April 2025
Accepted:
24 April 2025
Published:
29 May 2025
Abstract: The study was conducted in Ethiopia's Somali Region's Korahey Zone. This study set out to evaluate black-headed Somali sheep's reproductive performance, breeding habits, and preferred traits. 180 households in all will be identified, with 90 per district and 30 every peasant association (Kebele). At first lambing, the average age was 16.9±0.18 months. According to the survey results, the overall goals for raising sheep in each region were graded according to cultural function (0.05), income (0.52), meat (0.29), and saving (0.14). With index values of 0.34 and 0.33 in the districts of Kabrid Dehar and Sheygosh, respectively, natural pasture was ranked as the top feed source for sheep during the wet season. During the rainy season, rainwater was the primary water source for sheep in all districts, followed by river water. In contrast, during the dry season, harvested water was the main source, with pond water as the secondary option. The findings revealed that the major challenges faced by blackhead Somali sheep across all districts were the prolonged dry season, feed shortage, water scarcity, diseases, and predators, with overall index values of 0.31, 0.27, 0.18, 0.16, and 0.07, respectively. Black-headed Somali sheep were frequently reported to have poor reproductive performance. Poor management, illness, and inadequate nutrition could be the cause of this. Farmers use breeding and selection to enhance sheep's commercially significant features. Therefore, when creating a community-based program to improve the production of blackhead Somali sheep in the study region, it is important to take into account the features that blackhead Somali sheep owners demand in terms of selection, breeding, and production by sheep farmers.
Abstract: The study was conducted in Ethiopia's Somali Region's Korahey Zone. This study set out to evaluate black-headed Somali sheep's reproductive performance, breeding habits, and preferred traits. 180 households in all will be identified, with 90 per district and 30 every peasant association (Kebele). At first lambing, the average age was 16.9±0.18 mont...
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Research Article
A Simplified Trajectory for a Radiating Charge Moving in a Uniform Magnetic Field
Paolo Tritella*
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
38-42
Received:
8 February 2025
Accepted:
11 March 2025
Published:
21 June 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajz.20250802.13
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Abstract: Is shown that a radiating charge moving in a constant uniform magnetic field has an approximated trajectory that copies the Euler spiral. Is made a classical study for the motion with some plausible approximations. By comparing the graph of Cornu’s spiral, which is considered not from the initial point, but from an advanced point to satisfy the initial conditions, and the image obtained with the bubble chamber, a strong correspondence can be seen. This simple result is the springboard for an exact result in which starting from a formula adapted to overcome the inconsistencies of the current formulas for the radiation reaction force, one obtains again the same result presented in this article as a limiting case. This suggests that the new formula can describe the phenomenon of the radiation reaction force with more accuracy, combined with the fact that the new formula, which I hope to be able to present in a future article, provides in other cases of motion without the magnetic field, quite plausible results.
Abstract: Is shown that a radiating charge moving in a constant uniform magnetic field has an approximated trajectory that copies the Euler spiral. Is made a classical study for the motion with some plausible approximations. By comparing the graph of Cornu’s spiral, which is considered not from the initial point, but from an advanced point to satisfy the ini...
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Research Article
Assessment of Goat Husbandry Practices and Milk Production Performance in Borana Zone, Southern Oromia, Ethiopia
Beshir Hussien*,
Adem Kumbe,
Anaf Onate,
Birhanu Bekele
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
43-49
Received:
28 April 2025
Accepted:
16 May 2025
Published:
25 June 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajz.20250802.14
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Abstract: Goats play a crucial role in mitigating environmental risks due to their unique adaptation to arid and semi-arid environments. This study was aimed to generate organized information based on household survey and flock monitoring to assess goat husbandry practices and evaluate goats’ milk yield respectively. About 180 households of goat owner were selected and interviewed. A total of 266 lactating goats with different parity were monitored to evaluate milk yield. The main purpose of raising goats in the study area was primarily to generate cash for purchasing food items to fulfill immediate family needs. The selection of breeding males was largely done by considering the characters like body size, pedigree, and growth rate and coat color. The overall goat milk yields on average were 0.37 ± 0.01 L/day. The average milk yields of goats were higher (0.57 ± 0.01L/day) during kidding the wet season than those were kidded during the dry season (0.24 ± 0.01L/day). The indigenous goats have indeed a lower milk yield than the improved goat breeds. Therefore, more emphasis on improvement of the feeding practice and breeding program needs to be placed on the improvement of the productive and reproductive performance of goats.
Abstract: Goats play a crucial role in mitigating environmental risks due to their unique adaptation to arid and semi-arid environments. This study was aimed to generate organized information based on household survey and flock monitoring to assess goat husbandry practices and evaluate goats’ milk yield respectively. About 180 households of goat owner were s...
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Review Article
Utilization of Algae Based-Meal as an Alternative Protein Source in Poultry Nutrition: A Review
Seyoum Bekele Alemu,
Biazen Abrar*
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, June 2025
Pages:
50-59
Received:
25 April 2025
Accepted:
16 May 2025
Published:
26 June 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajz.20250802.15
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Views:
Abstract: Feed supply accounts for the majority of chicken production costs, which are estimated to be between 60 and 75 percent. This could lead to a limitation in poultry output because conventional protein and energy sources for concentrate feeds are expensive and scarce. The most well-known traditional plant protein sources for chicken feed are leguminous seeds, cereal grains, soybean and other oil seed meal, and a variety of agro-industrial byproducts. In the current circumstances, it is no longer cost-effective to employ these traditional feed ingredients in chicken feed due to their soaring prices. In order to reduce production costs and increase output and productivity in the poultry business, it is crucial to look for alternate, reasonably priced feed sources that are easily accessible in the region and that are nutritionally equivalent to conventional ones. One way to close a large gap between the availability and demand of conventional feed resources for poultry feeding is to take advantage of the use of non-conventional feed resources (NCFR) in poultry production systems. The use of green algae (Chlorophyta) as an alternative protein source in poultry nutrition is one of the NCFR locally accessible feed resources in Ethiopia. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to identify some of the most important species of algae that are currently available, as well as their technical applications in the use as poultry feed, as well as their chemical constituents and nutritional values. Additionally, the effects of their inclusion levels on broiler and layer chickens, as well as the quantities and qualities of the products, will be reviewed. Several common algae species, including seaweed, Spirulina platensis, and Chlorella vulgaries, have been covered in this work.
Abstract: Feed supply accounts for the majority of chicken production costs, which are estimated to be between 60 and 75 percent. This could lead to a limitation in poultry output because conventional protein and energy sources for concentrate feeds are expensive and scarce. The most well-known traditional plant protein sources for chicken feed are leguminou...
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