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Features of Electroconductivity of γ-Irradiated Composites in Heating-Cooling Conditions
Nabi Shamshad Aliyev,
Musafir Mazahir Guliyev,
Arif Musa Maharramov,
Rafiga Soltan Ismayilova
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, March 2015
Pages:
15-20
Received:
13 February 2015
Accepted:
21 February 2015
Published:
2 March 2015
Abstract: It has been studied the behavior of temperature dependence of volume electroconductivity σ on direct current (DC) of composite medium of high-density polyethylene/α-Fe2O3 in the field of T=20-1350C within heating-cooling conditions before and after γ-irradiation at dose up to 500kGy. At lgσ(T) dependence of unirradiated composites while heating at low and high temperatures besides linear sections, it is observed the region of sharp decrease at 50-800C, associated with dipole orientation processes of adsorbed water molecules. At lgσ(T) dependence of composite samples irradiated at D=100kGy there is not any region of sharp decrease σ. It is shown that after γ-irradiation by dose D=500kGy the second maximum appears on the curve of forward trace of the composite HDPE+ 10%α-Fe2O3 at T=800C, which can be the result of change in the state of quasi-Fermi level. Behavior of lgσ(T) function at heating-cooling is explained by the “asymmetry” effect of electrically active defects. It is shown that the increase in volume conductivity after γ-irradiation is weakly expressed.
Abstract: It has been studied the behavior of temperature dependence of volume electroconductivity σ on direct current (DC) of composite medium of high-density polyethylene/α-Fe2O3 in the field of T=20-1350C within heating-cooling conditions before and after γ-irradiation at dose up to 500kGy. At lgσ(T) dependence of unirradiated composites while heating at ...
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Improvement of X-Ray Reflectivity Analysis on Surface and Interface Roughness Estimation
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, March 2015
Pages:
21-24
Received:
26 January 2015
Accepted:
19 February 2015
Published:
3 March 2015
Abstract: X-ray reflectivity (XRR) is usefull tool to estimate surface and interface roughness. In the conventional XRR analysis, the reflectivity is calculated based on the Parratt formalism, accounting for the effect of roughness by the theory of Nevot-Croce. However, the calculated results have shown often strange behavior due to the fact that the diffuse scattering at the rough interface was not taken into account in the equation. Then we developed new improved formalism to correct this mistake. For deriving more accurate formalism of XRR, we tried to compare the measurements of the surface roughness of the same sample by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and XRR. The results of analysis show that the effective roughness measured by xrrmay depend on the angle of incidence. In this paper, it shows that new improved XRR formalism which derives more accurate surface and interface roughness with depending on the size of the probing area of coherent X-rays.
Abstract: X-ray reflectivity (XRR) is usefull tool to estimate surface and interface roughness. In the conventional XRR analysis, the reflectivity is calculated based on the Parratt formalism, accounting for the effect of roughness by the theory of Nevot-Croce. However, the calculated results have shown often strange behavior due to the fact that the diffuse...
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The Real Universe
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, March 2015
Pages:
25-32
Received:
13 February 2015
Accepted:
26 February 2015
Published:
4 March 2015
Abstract: The findings of strong gravitational lensing by Sgr A* indicate gravitation power/energy exist in the center of our milky way, though it is invisible. The presence of energy equal presence of mass (M= E/C², C² is constant). However, current perception of particles can be massless e.g. gauge bosons, the photon and the gluon⑴ which create a centerpiece of confusion when we come to study dark matter and origin of universe. In this paper, the author will explain why all particles possess mass which is supported partially by 2013 Nobel Prize in Physics- the Higgs mechanism, which gives mass to fundamental particles. The big bang is the greatest event happened in the universe; it is unthinkable that such event left no trace in space; we must be blindfolded by something. In this paper, the author will point out what to look for so that we won’t miss out on the Universe greatest party. Few will argue our matters (whether visible or invisible) are all made from particles. Many doubt that electromagnetic radiation or particles follow same laws of basic physics. Those doubts directly lead to a set of principles that land us in a fantasy world of uncertainty. However, the correct understanding of fundamental particles is the key for understanding big bang ⑵. In this paper, the author will pave a clear road map for how to study our fundamental particles, particular Gamma Ray. Furthermore, the author will explain the reasons that dark matter/black hole is made from gamma ray nucleosynthesis! The author also will explain the reasons that our current background cosmic ray/gamma ray originated directly from big bang (for most part)! The master of infrared/fire power set human apart from animals and land us on top of the world. The master of the gamma-ray will undoubtedly land us on top of the universe. The Physics will unite all science branches. The particle physics will lead artificial intelligence to its terminal end in the universe civilization of all kind.
Abstract: The findings of strong gravitational lensing by Sgr A* indicate gravitation power/energy exist in the center of our milky way, though it is invisible. The presence of energy equal presence of mass (M= E/C², C² is constant). However, current perception of particles can be massless e.g. gauge bosons, the photon and the gluon⑴ which create a centerpie...
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Phase Formation and Crystallinity-Dependent Magnetic Parameters of Co1-xFe2+xO4 Nanoparticals
Nahed Makram Eyssa,
Hanan Hassan Hantour,
Kamilia Sdeek Abdo
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, March 2015
Pages:
33-38
Received:
14 December 2014
Accepted:
29 January 2015
Published:
4 March 2015
Abstract: Nano crystalline cobalt ferrite CoFe2O4 powders were synthesized using the coprecipitation method. The effect of the calcination temperature and the Fe3+/Co2+ molar ratio on the phase formation, macro and microstructure and magnetic properties was studied systematically. The Fe3+/Co2+ was controlled to equal 2 and 2.75 while the annealing temperature (Ta) was adjusted to vary from 600 to 1000Co. the obtained powders were investigated using x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Fourir transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). For both the Fe3+/Co2+ ratios, the XRD results indicat the formation of well crystallized cubic spinel cobalt ferrite phase for the precursors annealed at 600Co up to 1000Co. However a second rhombohedral hematite phase whose content varies respectively from 3% and 15% was formed as the Fe3+/Co2+ varied from 2 to 2.75 at Ta=800 and 1000Co. The crystallite size (Dβ) as determined applying the win-fit program was found also to decrease from 54.5 to 48.6nm accompanied by an increase of the root mean square strain < eg>. Using Rditveld analysis no effect on the value of the lattice parameter (a) was detected. The FESEM micrographs reveal the formation of highly agglomerated particles for Fe3+/Co2+ =2.75 and Ta =1000Co. The FTIR analysis confirm the formation of the spinel structure phase for both Fe3+/Co2+ ratios at 1000Co, however the absorption bands shift to higher frequencies for Fe3+/Co2+ =2.75. Other bands at 1663 and 3472cm-1 ascribed to free or absorbed water molecules were also detected for this ratio. The Fe3+/Co2+ molar ratio was found to have a significant effect on the magnetic properties of the produced cobalt ferrite. The calculated magnetic parameters: the saturation magnetization (MS= 71.219emu/g), the coricivity (HC= 1443.8Oe) and the remanence ratio (Mr/MS= 0.405) were recorded to decrease as the Fe3+/Co2+ increases except for the curie temperature (TC) which increase from 405 to 410Co.
Abstract: Nano crystalline cobalt ferrite CoFe2O4 powders were synthesized using the coprecipitation method. The effect of the calcination temperature and the Fe3+/Co2+ molar ratio on the phase formation, macro and microstructure and magnetic properties was studied systematically. The Fe3+/Co2+ was controlled to equal 2 and 2.75 while the annealing temperatu...
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A Review on Cuprate Based Superconducting Materials Including Characteristics and Applications
Md. Atikur Rahman,
Md. Zahidur Rahaman,
Md. Nurush Samsuddoha
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, March 2015
Pages:
39-56
Received:
2 February 2015
Accepted:
19 February 2015
Published:
4 March 2015
Abstract: A general review on cuprate based superconducting materials has been made. The special features of cuprate based high-temperature superconductors have been explained from the material side and the physical properties side. The present statuses on applications of cuprate based high-temperature superconductors have been included. In this paper, all characteristics of cuprate based superconductors depending upon the recent discoveries and applications of those compounds have been included and explained so that a researcher can get a good idea about this field easily. The article gives a summary of the prevailing arguments of researchers to relate the material to cuprates and also the comparative features of many families of superconductors. The existing challenges, such as flux pinning, inter-grain Josephson losses due to population of voids and attempts towards the solution of these problems have been made by researcher have also been discussed. Since the high temperature superconductivity was discovered in La2-xBaxCuO4 in 1986, many research works have been done on this topic, but in this review paper we emphasis cuprate based material and we noted all properties in dividing many section and also made a comparison between different materials.
Abstract: A general review on cuprate based superconducting materials has been made. The special features of cuprate based high-temperature superconductors have been explained from the material side and the physical properties side. The present statuses on applications of cuprate based high-temperature superconductors have been included. In this paper, all c...
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Study of Decoupling Effects on SUSY Higgs Sector
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, March 2015
Pages:
57-59
Received:
15 February 2015
Accepted:
4 March 2015
Published:
16 March 2015
Abstract: The most likely scenario in the light of Higgs discovery is the decoupling limit in the MSSM Higgs sector. The decoupling limit in MSSM occurs when the pseudoscalar mass is large (i.e.mA» mZ ), then the CP-even (H0), CP-odd (A0) and charged (H±) Higgs are mass degenerate and the lightest CP-even Higgs boson (h) mimics the signature of the SM Higgs boson. In the decoupling limit of large mA the couplings of the lightest CP-even MSSM Higgs boson h to pairs of SM particles approach their SM values. Moreover, in the decoupling limit there exists a value of tanβ which is independent of the value of mA . Recently a Higgs like particle is reported to be discovered at CMS and ATLAS experiments at CERN LHC with a mass of about 125 GeV. This estimate is only valid in the so called decoupling limit where all non-standard Higgs bosons are significantly heavier than the Z gauge boson.
Abstract: The most likely scenario in the light of Higgs discovery is the decoupling limit in the MSSM Higgs sector. The decoupling limit in MSSM occurs when the pseudoscalar mass is large (i.e.mA» mZ ), then the CP-even (H0), CP-odd (A0) and charged (H±) Higgs are mass degenerate and the lightest CP-even Higgs boson (h) mimics the signature of the SM Higgs ...
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Linear Momentum Conservation in the Motion of Electric Charges
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, March 2015
Pages:
60-62
Received:
13 February 2015
Accepted:
19 March 2015
Published:
24 March 2015
Abstract: In this letter I will discuss the linear momentum conservation for an electric charge which is moving in a magnetic field. This will enrich the knowledge of undergraduate physics students, about the important concept of conservation of linear momentum, in classical electrodynamics.
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Calculation of Higgs Self-Coupling Constant for One-Loop and Two-Loop Effective Potentials and Their Perturbative Validity
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, March 2015
Pages:
63-66
Received:
4 March 2015
Accepted:
18 March 2015
Published:
24 March 2015
Abstract: Although the Standard Model has been very successful in explaining the present data, it is unable to express the value of Higgs self coupling constant. It is a free parameter of the theory. Recently a Higgs like particle is reported to be discovered at CMS and ATLAS experiments at CERN LHC with a mass of about 125 GeV. The purpose of this paper is to calculate the value of Higgs self coupling constant in the Standard Model for one and two-loops Higgs potential. Considering the value of Higgs mass as 125 GeV we obtain the value of Higgs self coupling constant as 0.1373 for both one and two-loops Higgs potential. We also find that the condition for perturbative validity given by Miller is satisfied, when the Higgs mass is calculated perturbatively from the effective potential given by the massless φ^4 theory at one and two-loop level.
Abstract: Although the Standard Model has been very successful in explaining the present data, it is unable to express the value of Higgs self coupling constant. It is a free parameter of the theory. Recently a Higgs like particle is reported to be discovered at CMS and ATLAS experiments at CERN LHC with a mass of about 125 GeV. The purpose of this paper is ...
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