-
Research Article
Soil Test Crop Response Based Phosphorus Calibration Study on Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) in Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha District, East Showa, Oromia, Ethiopia
Mekonnen Workineh*
,
Kasahun Kitila
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2026
Pages:
1-8
Received:
4 November 2025
Accepted:
25 November 2025
Published:
20 December 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ri.20260201.11
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Agricultural production and land productivity have been declining due to various factors, with unbalanced fertilizer application identified as a major cause. To address this issue, soil test-based crop response fertilizer recommendations offer an effective solution. An on-farm experiment was conducted in Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha district over three consecutive cropping seasons (2022-2024) to determine the optimum nitrogen (N) level, phosphorous critical level (Pc), and phosphorus requirement factor (Pf) for bread wheat production. In the first year, fifteen factorial treatments combining five nitrogen levels (0, 23, 46, 69, and 92 kg/ha) and four phosphorus levels (0, 23, 46, and 92 kg/ha) were tested using a randomized complete block design with three replications on 9m² plots. Bread wheat variety Kingbird was used as the test crop. In the subsequent two years, the optimum nitrogen rate (46 kg/ha) identified in the first year was uniformly applied, while five phosphorus levels (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 kg/ha) were evaluated to determine phosphorus critical level and requirement factor. Grain yield data were analyzed using SAS statistical software with mean comparisons by LSD at p<0.05, and partial budget analysis was conducted using CIMMYT guidelines. Results showed significant differences among treatments, with the highest grain yield of 3296.5 kg/ha obtained from the combined application of 46 kg/ha N and 69 kg/ha P, while the control plot yielded 2330.2 kg/ha. The economically optimum nitrogen rate was 46 kg/ha, with phosphorus critical level and phosphorus requirement factor determined as 19.92 ppm and 2.38, respectively. These findings provide essential parameters for soil test-based fertilizer recommendations to enhance bread wheat productivity in Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha district.
Abstract: Agricultural production and land productivity have been declining due to various factors, with unbalanced fertilizer application identified as a major cause. To address this issue, soil test-based crop response fertilizer recommendations offer an effective solution. An on-farm experiment was conducted in Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha district over thre...
Show More
-
Research Article
Assessment of Implementation of Rainwater Harvesting Structures in Drylands Areas and Their Challenges West Harareghe Zone, Chiro, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2026
Pages:
9-22
Received:
25 October 2025
Accepted:
8 November 2025
Published:
24 December 2025
Abstract: The main problem of this 211st century is lack of water and contamination of water. Even if Ethiopia has water tower country in the eastern Africa; she has known as scarcity of water both in quality and quantity. This study will be entitled with: assessment of implementation of rainwater harvesting structures in drylands areas and their challenges west Harareghe zone, Chiro Ethiopia. The objectives include: two phases: first phases include the following objectives-to identify the causes and factors that are adversely affects rainwater harvesting; to evaluate the challenges prevent rainwater harvesting and its utilization; to recognize the success and an exemplary model of rainwater harvesting areas; to investigate the consequence impacts of the failure of rainwater harvesting and to identify the socio-economic and environmental effects of rainwater harvesting. second phases include: implementation of model RWH structures for crop production on farm land, for forest tree production on forest land and for livestock consumption and fodder production on pasture land, for wild animals consumption and rehabilitation of their habitat through keeping of livestock and wild animals ecosystem balance; to be monitoring and evaluating the project and then transferring to other areas having similar agro-climatic conditions, topography and soil types. Of all identification of soil textures similarity to before losses of transfer of economy to other areas. Random sampling techniques will be considered by taking 10% of the PA population for interview through their stratification of random sampling techniques based on the criteria stated under the methodology.
Abstract: The main problem of this 211st century is lack of water and contamination of water. Even if Ethiopia has water tower country in the eastern Africa; she has known as scarcity of water both in quality and quantity. This study will be entitled with: assessment of implementation of rainwater harvesting structures in drylands areas and their challenges ...
Show More
-
Research Article
Review on Crop Water Requirements in Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2026
Pages:
23-28
Received:
2 November 2025
Accepted:
21 November 2025
Published:
26 December 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ri.20260201.13
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Agriculture in Ethiopia, which is predominantly dependent on smallholder rain-fed production systems, remains highly vulnerable to climatic variability, recurrent droughts, and increasing water scarcity. Accurate estimation of crop water requirement (CWR)- the volume of water required to satisfy crop evapotranspiration (ETo) for optimal growth is fundamental for irrigation design, crop planning, and sustainable manage net of limited water resources. In the Ethiopian context crop water requirement (CWR) coupled with crop coefficient (Kc) approaches, operationalized through decision support models such as CROPWAT and Aqua-Crop. However, substantial spatial and temporal heterogeneity in climatic variables, soil properties, and cropping systems creates high uncertainty in current estimations. Additionally, inadequate meteorological coverage, insufficient temporal data resolution, and the scarcity of locally calibrated Kc values constrain the accuracy and applicability of results across diverse agro-ecological zones. Recent climate projections under moderate emission pathways (e.g., RCP4.5) indicate a significant rise in temperature and altered rainfall distribution, potentially intensifying evapotranspiration and shifting seasonal irrigation demand. Emerging studies utilizing satellite-based evapotranspiration retrievals, downscaled climate models, and GIS-integrated hydrological simulations have improved crop water requirement (CWR) mapping and spatial analysis. Nevertheless, the integration of green-water (rain-fed) and blue water (irrigation) components into comprehensive water balance frameworks remains underdeveloped, limiting the translation of findings into actionable adaptation strategies. Bringing the methodological and data gaps through advanced spatial analysis tools, remote sensing technologies, and climate smart irrigation modeling is imperative for strengthening Ethiopia’s food and water security and ensuring resilient agricultural development under climatic conditions.
Abstract: Agriculture in Ethiopia, which is predominantly dependent on smallholder rain-fed production systems, remains highly vulnerable to climatic variability, recurrent droughts, and increasing water scarcity. Accurate estimation of crop water requirement (CWR)- the volume of water required to satisfy crop evapotranspiration (ETo) for optimal growth is f...
Show More
-
Research Article
Providing Detail Overview of the Ethiopian Printing Industry, Including the Number of Active Publishers, Job Opportunities, and Market Condition
Sisay Demissie Geda*,
Tujuba Tamiru Ashetu
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2026
Pages:
29-41
Received:
21 October 2025
Accepted:
24 November 2025
Published:
26 December 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ri.20260201.14
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: The local printing industry is integral to the global economy, particularly in sectors like education and media. Despite its potential, the industry faces significant challenges that hinder growth and efficiency. With a local production capacity of approximately 158 million textbooks, there is a compelling opportunity to reduce dependency on imported materials, which currently costs around $35.78 million annually. This financial drain not only affects foreign currency reserves but also limits local job creation and stifles technological innovation. The local printing sector could increase employments from 5,000, to 7,506, if the text books printing allowed locally. This growth would not only empower communities economically but also foster technology transfer, helping local firms remain competitive in the global market. However, many businesses struggle due to outdated technology and infrastructure, which restricts production capacity and product quality. Additionally, attracting skilled labor is a notable challenge, exacerbated by a lack of vocational training and awareness of career opportunities in printing Industries. Market uncertainties, compounded by fluctuating raw material prices and insufficient financial resources, further inhibit competitiveness. The absence of comprehensive government policies to support the local printing Industry sector significantly limits growth potential. A thorough assessment of the industry's capability to meet educational demands is crucial for identifying operational strengths and critical issues. Addressing these challenges can lead to a more resilient local printing industry that contributes to educational sustainability and broader economic development.
Abstract: The local printing industry is integral to the global economy, particularly in sectors like education and media. Despite its potential, the industry faces significant challenges that hinder growth and efficiency. With a local production capacity of approximately 158 million textbooks, there is a compelling opportunity to reduce dependency on import...
Show More
-
Research Article
Ethical Considerations in AI-powered Social Innovation: Balancing Progress with Responsibility
Mohammed Zeinu Hassen*
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, February 2026
Pages:
42-50
Received:
15 November 2025
Accepted:
1 December 2025
Published:
26 December 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ri.20260201.15
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into social innovation strategies, offering transformative potential for addressing complex global challenges in sectors such as healthcare, environmental protection, and education. However, the deployment of these technologies raises profound ethical concerns that must be addressed to prevent unintended harm. This study employs a systematic literature review of academic and policy discourse published between 2020 and 2025 to critically examine the moral dimensions of AI-powered social innovation. The analysis focuses on the tension between the pursuit of technological efficiency and the imperative of social responsibility. The review identifies three primary ethical challenges. First, algorithmic bias frequently perpetuates and amplifies existing social inequalities, creating "automated injustice" where historical discrimination is encoded into future predictions. Second, the data-intensive nature of AI creates significant privacy risks, particularly for vulnerable populations, leading to potential surveillance and the erosion of informed consent. Third, an "accountability void" emerges due to the opacity of "black box" systems and the diffusion of responsibility among stakeholders, complicating the ability to seek redress for algorithmic harm. Synthesizing these findings, the paper argues that these are not isolated technical glitches but interconnected structural failures resulting from prioritizing scale over human dignity. Consequently, the study proposes a comprehensive framework for "Responsible AI" to guide practitioners, policymakers, and governance bodies. This framework is built upon three essential pillars: the mandatory adoption of a human-centered design philosophy, the establishment of genuine and continuous community partnerships, and the implementation of robust mechanisms for ongoing moral review and auditing. The study concludes that moving beyond superficial technical fixes to a holistic socio-technical approach is essential for building AI systems that are effective, fair, and aligned with human principles.
Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into social innovation strategies, offering transformative potential for addressing complex global challenges in sectors such as healthcare, environmental protection, and education. However, the deployment of these technologies raises profound ethical concerns that must be addressed to prevent...
Show More
