Characterization of Benzene Samples Taken from Different Areas in Sudan Using Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)
Sufyan Sharafedin Mohammed Dawod,
Nafie A. Al Muslet,
Ahmed Abubaker Mohamed Taher
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, August 2020
Pages:
77-83
Received:
28 May 2020
Accepted:
20 June 2020
Published:
4 November 2020
Abstract: Protecting the environment from all types of pollution is a key issue, especially air pollution in particular, because of that, the ecosystem as a whole is under threat. Sudan is one of the vast African countries, covering an area of about one million square miles, and suffering from air pollution. One of the causes of this pollution is the large number of cars and factories that use gasoline. Car exhausts and factory nozzles emit kinds of gases such as carbon monoxide, lead, sulfur and other gases that contribute to air pollution. Due to the large volume of use of gasoline in cars and factories, the low quality of purification and treatment leads to the production of gases that are extremely harmful to the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to examine and determine the components of benzene used in Sudan. The technique of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy was used to characterize the benzene samples taken from different regions, and the results showed that they contain carbon and hydrogen that are the main component of benzene, in addition many elements harmful to the environment such as (Pb, Hg and Zn), which can cause cancer diseases, and can also cause great harms to animals, plants and soil.
Abstract: Protecting the environment from all types of pollution is a key issue, especially air pollution in particular, because of that, the ecosystem as a whole is under threat. Sudan is one of the vast African countries, covering an area of about one million square miles, and suffering from air pollution. One of the causes of this pollution is the large n...
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Selection of Rainwater Harvesting Sites by Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques: A Case Study of Dawa Sub Basin Southern Ethiopia
Getachew Haile Wondimu,
Dinku Shiferaw Jote
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 4, August 2020
Pages:
84-94
Received:
3 September 2020
Accepted:
19 September 2020
Published:
23 November 2020
Abstract: Water is one of the vital requirements for life, economic and social development. Water scarcity affects the environmental, economic and developmental activities of an area. The rainfall in the sub-basins is often very local, erratic, unreliable and unevenly distributed over the whole area of Dawa sub-basin. The pastoral and agro-pastoral communities are usually vulnerable to drought. The present study was an attempt to describe the state of Rain Water Harvesting (RWH) techniques and the contribution of Remote Sensing and GIS technologies for this RWH in the Dawa Sub basin. The study was conducted using physiographic factors of Dawa sub basin. Landsat image with spatial resolution 30m were used to identify LU/LC types. The thematic layers used were land use/land cover, slope, soil, drainage and runoff from derived from Landsat and collateral data. The image processing software Erdas IMAGINE and GIS software were used to process the image and to establish a geo information system by comprising digital data set of satellite image, topography, soil, metrology, drainage density and metrology. This data was used to study RWH was used to study the watershed network in the Dawa sub basin and to identify areas generally suitable for water harvesting in order to determine water harvesting techniques for those sites. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to calculate weighting and the analysis result indicates that the sub-basin supports promising opportunity for the establishment and development of RWH structures. From the total area of 17,402.7 km2, The GIS evaluation predicts that 3,092.342 km2 (22.853%) is extremely suitable, 4,524.221 km2 (33.435%) is very suitable, 2,968.685 km2 (21.939%) is suitable, 1,988.986 km2 (14.7%) is less Suitable and 957.18 km2 (7.07%) is not suitable for RWH.
Abstract: Water is one of the vital requirements for life, economic and social development. Water scarcity affects the environmental, economic and developmental activities of an area. The rainfall in the sub-basins is often very local, erratic, unreliable and unevenly distributed over the whole area of Dawa sub-basin. The pastoral and agro-pastoral communiti...
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