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Adams on Primitive Thisness and Primitive Identity
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
90-96
Received:
2 June 2023
Accepted:
20 June 2023
Published:
6 July 2023
Abstract: Here I have focused on R M Adams’s view on individual identity and possible worlds coupled with a short entry on Dun Scotus’s notion of haecceity. This should enable one to see where the theories of Leibnitz, Kripke, Adams meet and diverge – taking one to a more comprehensive picture on the issue of individual essences. Adams explicitly avoids the term ‘individual essence’ – reserving it only for general essences. But his exposition can be read as suggesting an impressive way of reconciling the seemingly opposed approaches of Leibnitz and Kripke – the former admitting individuality to be strictly qualitative while the latter insisting it to be non-qualitative. Adams prefers to dub this individual identity as ‘Primitive thisness’ and clarifies that thisness being the property of being identical to a unique individual can thereby be defined independent of any reference to a property – which is by definition general and shareable. On the other hand suchness is a purely qualitative notion and does not fall back to any reference to a unique individual. Adams also points out that de re identity or transworld identity is primitive in the sense that it cannot fall back on a more fundamental property or relation. And the mark of an identity being primitive or non-derivative is its power to explain why two apparently two individuals are really one or the reverse.
Abstract: Here I have focused on R M Adams’s view on individual identity and possible worlds coupled with a short entry on Dun Scotus’s notion of haecceity. This should enable one to see where the theories of Leibnitz, Kripke, Adams meet and diverge – taking one to a more comprehensive picture on the issue of individual essences. Adams explicitly avoids the ...
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In Defense of de re Identity: Kripke’s Revival of Aristotelian Essence
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
97-104
Received:
2 June 2023
Accepted:
20 June 2023
Published:
6 July 2023
Abstract: As we know, metaphysics deals with the identity of things, what they are. Here I am in search of that identity which makes the thing what it is, by which we can single out or pick out an object and distinguish the object from other possible objects. There are two types of identity, self-identity i.e. trivial and contingent identity. We know, every object is necessarily self-identical. Contingent identity is that essential property of an object that an object must have if it lacks this property it could not be what it is. Whereas there are some other properties called accidental properties that an object just happens to have. Socrates has self-identity essentially but is accidentally snubnosed. Because he could not have been selfdiverse but he could have been non-snubnosed. Here I am in search of that essence that is very stable, basic, unique, and intrinsic to that object and the object cannot lack that property. That is de re identity. In Kripke’s theory de re essential properties are not required to be analytic, i.e., they do not require to be conceptually connected with each other. They are meaningful, not by virtue of their conceptual content; they are meaningful in so far as they underlie the varying properties of an object in different conceivable universes. The natural extension of the possible worlds interpretation to de re is known as ‘identity across possible world’ or ‘trans-world identity’. ForKripke de re modality comprises essentialism by introducing the concept of trans-world identity. As already noted, Kripke holds that proper names refer rigidly and non-descriptionally to the same object in all possible worlds; so proper names are ‘rigid designators’. According to him, even if the object does not exist in the actual world, that particular object, if there be any, will designate the same object in all other possible world and not via any properties. Thus Kripke made a wide range of utilization of the idea of a possible world in defending the eloquence of modality - both de re and de dicto.
Abstract: As we know, metaphysics deals with the identity of things, what they are. Here I am in search of that identity which makes the thing what it is, by which we can single out or pick out an object and distinguish the object from other possible objects. There are two types of identity, self-identity i.e. trivial and contingent identity. We know, every ...
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Intertextuality and Dialogue Logic of Literary Texts with Hezar O Yek Shab (Case Study of Makkaran's Story)
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
105-113
Received:
25 June 2023
Accepted:
14 July 2023
Published:
27 July 2023
Abstract: The contextual-experimental and intertextual connection of Hezar o yek shab with epic, lyrical and narrative literature is an answer to the question of the self-sufficiency of popular literature and indicates the connection of Hezar o yek shab with previous texts and the extensive intertextuality of this work with them; And it is aware of social and individual demands, which is in the form of breaking and reproducing the stories of classical literary texts in popular literature, in the way of conveying previous ideas and showing existing needs; And he uses a conversational logic so that, while providing the public with those works, it is the language of the people to express everything that has been left unsaid or the opportunity has not been revealed. Popular politeness, in the context and context of the situation, has shown its exchange with court politeness, its sharing with the people, and its similarity in the discourse style with the narrative format. The findings of this descriptive-analytical-intertextual research show that the first processors of Hezar o yek shab took some of the narratives or their content from literary books while preserving the original or some of the mythological and archetype; By adding superstitions and language changes and of course socio-cultural changes, they have built a collection based on the old foundation of patriarchy and patriarchal rule and reaching petty tyranny, which made heroes like Harun Al-Rashid happy with the translation of Hezar Afsan to Arabicized and people's idea of cultural turmoil; And the tendencies of the courtiers have exposed the corruption and disorder of the royal palaces. Then the Persian translator (Abdul Latif Tasoji) established an intertextuality between Iranian literary texts (such as Sandbadnameh, Haft Pekir, Kalila and Demeneh, Shahnameh and Marzbannameh), with Hezar o yek shab, to make this work completely belong to the narratives. Take out Hindi and Arabic. The issue of women in Makkaran's story shows the conversation and context of the common discourse of the Hezar o yek shab with the Shahnameh and the Sandbadnameh, and the least benefit of this connection is the enrichment of popular culture, and showing the efforts of women to find a place and eliminate It is difficult.
Abstract: The contextual-experimental and intertextual connection of Hezar o yek shab with epic, lyrical and narrative literature is an answer to the question of the self-sufficiency of popular literature and indicates the connection of Hezar o yek shab with previous texts and the extensive intertextuality of this work with them; And it is aware of social an...
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Animation and YouTube as Alternative and Counterhegemonic Digital Public Sphere in Zimbabwe
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
114-120
Received:
23 April 2023
Accepted:
17 May 2023
Published:
5 August 2023
Abstract: Zimbabwe has over the years experienced a surge in internet usage for political discourse. This has disrupted the governments’ monopolistic hold on public sphere discourses. The increase in the use of social media for political communication has necessitated the need for critical reflections on the use of new media. This paper investigates the emergence of an alternative digital public sphere (DPS) in Zimbabwe, which has subsequently proven to be counterhegemonic. It analyses how democratic forces conspire and contest official state propaganda and assert themselves as viable counter publics. The study examines animation texts, its form and its use of covert and overt aesthetics as tools that helped critique and navigate a chaotic terrain during the ‘crisis period’ in which the state censored critical or oppositional art and elite interests hijacked other forms of critical art and alternative media. The study argues that the DPS has promoted alternative discourses to those of the official public sphere. While the Subaltern counter publics have used alternative digital public spaces to question the official consensus, they have instead emerged as undemocratic platforms promoting and perpetuating the same hate and binary narratives that it accuses the state of proliferating.
Abstract: Zimbabwe has over the years experienced a surge in internet usage for political discourse. This has disrupted the governments’ monopolistic hold on public sphere discourses. The increase in the use of social media for political communication has necessitated the need for critical reflections on the use of new media. This paper investigates the emer...
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Freud's Contributions to Education: Authority and Seduction in the Pedagogical Relationship
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
121-128
Received:
22 September 2022
Accepted:
27 October 2022
Published:
6 September 2023
Abstract: The present work consists of a research of a basic nature with a qualitative-descriptive design of the experience report type. The experience reported was the result of the assignments as an undergraduate professor in Psychology at the Federal University of Mato Grosso. Three Experience Reports were heard, later three Teacher Profiles were elaborated, based on the types of experience referring to those collected, in sequence, bibliographic research was undertaken to support the theoretical discussion. The unconscious psychic elements that structure the pedagogical relationship are discussed, in order to show that they can favor or hinder the exercise of teacher's authority, when this is replaced by seduction. The dichotomy between intellection and affect in the teaching-learning process is problematized. Based on the key concept of Identification, conceptualized by Freud, the child's prototypical relational experience can impose an overlapping of pedagogical authority by parental authority, in the field that links transference and countertransference. The teacher will be able to act with a predominance of affection and respect, creating favorable conditions for the transference field and the seduction that emanates from it to favor teaching and learning. Thus, the seductive domination of original authority is broken when the teacher does not react to the student's ambivalent transference expectations and evokes his tender affections to help him work. In these ideal situations, the teacher emphasizes the knowledge that legitimizes his pedagogical authority. The decisive question of the pedagogical relationship is posed. Even if he seeks to deny his own relationship — working to overcome the student's intellectual dependence — The teacher always moves on the thin border between authority and seduction.
Abstract: The present work consists of a research of a basic nature with a qualitative-descriptive design of the experience report type. The experience reported was the result of the assignments as an undergraduate professor in Psychology at the Federal University of Mato Grosso. Three Experience Reports were heard, later three Teacher Profiles were elaborat...
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