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Quantum Vacuum Energy, Gravity Manipulation and the Force Generated by the Interaction between High-Potential Electric Fields and Zero-Point-Field
Luigi Maxmilian Caligiuri,
Takaaki Musha
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6-1, December 2014
Pages:
1-9
Received:
22 September 2014
Accepted:
25 September 2014
Published:
7 October 2014
Abstract: The idea of manipulating and using the energy associated to electrodynamic quantum vacuum, also known as Zero Point Energy (ZPE), for technological applications as, for example, interstellar space propulsion, represents one of the most challenging question both in theoretical and applied physics. During the past years B.Haish, A.Rueda and H.E.Puthoff proposed a model according to which inertia could be considered as the electromagnetic reaction force to interaction between a body and quantum vacuum zero point field (ZPF), opening interesting perspectives about manipulating inertia by electromagnetic fields. Nevertheless this theory, although interesting from both a theoretical and applicative point of view, is for from being complete and presents some questionable points. More recent results have suggested a novel model of quantum vacuum, ruled by “Planck metric” and characterized by an energy density field, able to give a novel interpretation of mass and gravity in terms of variation of such energy density. In this paper we’ll propose an extension of this model allowing the theoretical possibility of inertia and gravity strength manipulation, as well as a more fundamental theoretical explanation of some assumptions of the Haish, Rueda and Puthoff model. In particular, it will be shown that not only inertia but gravitational “constant” as well can be expressed as functions of quantum vacuum energy density, analyzing their relationships with the electromagnetic field, described by vector potential. Finally we will discuss the possibility of space propulsion system by considering the interaction between the zero-point field of the quantum vacuum and the high potential electric field generated in an asymmetrical capacitor, showing the resulting force is driven by quantum vacuum energy density.
Abstract: The idea of manipulating and using the energy associated to electrodynamic quantum vacuum, also known as Zero Point Energy (ZPE), for technological applications as, for example, interstellar space propulsion, represents one of the most challenging question both in theoretical and applied physics. During the past years B.Haish, A.Rueda and H.E.Putho...
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Gravitational “Constant” G as a Function of Quantum Vacuum Energy Density and its Dependence on the Distance from Mass
Luigi Maxmilian Caligiuri
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6-1, December 2014
Pages:
10-17
Received:
30 September 2014
Accepted:
5 October 2014
Published:
7 October 2014
Abstract: In a previous paper the author has shown the gravitational constant ruling Newton’s law can be expressed as a function of quantum variables related to Zero Point Field as Planck’s time and quantum vacuum energy density. On the other hand the quantum vacuum energy density has been proved to be modified by the presence of a mass within the volume occupied by the mass itself and in the space surrounding it. Furthermore, according to the Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity the same mass determines a gravitational potential that alters the speed of light, the clock’s rate and the particle size as a function of the distance the distance from the center of mass. All these considerations strongly suggest that also the constant G could be expressed as a function of quantum vacuum energy density somehow depending on the distance from the mass whose presence modifies the Zero Point Field energy structure. In this paper, starting from the idea of inertial mass of a body as the seat of standing waves of Zero Point Field and from the picture of a fluid-like model of space, it has been established a model in which the gravitational constant G is expressed as a function of Quantum Vacuum energy density in turn depending on the radial distance from center of the mass originating the gravitational field, supposed as spherically symmetric. The proposed model suggests the gravitational “constant” G could be not truly unchanging but varying as a function of the distance from the mass originating gravitational potential itself, whose approximate analytic expression has been also found and discussed. Finally a possible experimental test of the model, making use of precise measurements on a satellite has been outlined. The proposed theoretical model could be able to give valuable insights into a deeper understanding of the true origin and dynamics of gravity as well as the theoretical basis for unthinkable applications related, for example, to the field of gravity control and space propulsion.
Abstract: In a previous paper the author has shown the gravitational constant ruling Newton’s law can be expressed as a function of quantum variables related to Zero Point Field as Planck’s time and quantum vacuum energy density. On the other hand the quantum vacuum energy density has been proved to be modified by the presence of a mass within the volume occ...
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Neutrino Oscillations Founded on Tachyon Theory of Neutrino
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6-1, December 2014
Pages:
18-23
Received:
21 December 2014
Accepted:
27 December 2014
Published:
27 January 2015
Abstract: De Broglie's neutrino relations have been derived in this paper in the spirit of tachyon neutrino theory. The analysis of the physical characteristics of the neutrino as the tachyon particle has been done and a formula derived for the oscillation length. By analyzing phase angle of the plane wave, we came to the conclusion that the oscillations of neutrinos could be performed by speeds greater than the speed of light. Starting off from the application of Heisenberg's uncertainty relation in the micro-world , the postulate of neutrino confinement was introduced in the macroscopic area defined by the neutrino oscillation length. It is shown that the neutrino mass which belongs to the tachyon four-dimension space-time and the neutrino mass of the four-dimension space-time of the theory of relativity are not mutually equal by value, but the corresponding energy and momentum are unchanging.
Abstract: De Broglie's neutrino relations have been derived in this paper in the spirit of tachyon neutrino theory. The analysis of the physical characteristics of the neutrino as the tachyon particle has been done and a formula derived for the oscillation length. By analyzing phase angle of the plane wave, we came to the conclusion that the oscillations of ...
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The GEM Unification Theory of the Vacuum: Did Dimensional Collapse Trigger the Big Bang
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6-1, December 2014
Pages:
24-38
Received:
21 December 2014
Accepted:
27 December 2014
Published:
27 March 2015
Abstract: The GEM (Gravity EM) unification theory builds on the Sakharov and Kaluza-Klein approaches to unify all four force fields of nature: Gravity, EM, Strong, and Weak using Feynman Path integral formalism. The model is rudimentary, and can be called a “Bohr Model” of unification. It is basically found that Gravity and the other forces can be understood as quantum electrodynamics. In particular the proton emerges as a fundamental particle despite being composed of quarks and is the principle interaction vertex of the Higgs boson, which is seen here as direct consequence of a hidden 5th dimension, where the Higgs mass is due to 5th dimensional compactification. Collapse and compactification of a 5th dimension is argued as the triggering event for the Big Bang. A particle mass formula based on Feynman Path Integrals including paths across the hidden 5th dimension gives the proton and electron masses to high accuracy and finds the charged bosons responsible for the short range nuclear forces. The masses calculated for the particles are as follows: the charged pion m = 2 me / 140.0 MeV and W boson: mw =2 mp = 80.4 GeV. The c meson m =2985 GeV is identified with the 5th dimension compactification force mediated by the Radion field. The Higgs boson associated with this mass inducing field is the most general EM+Radion scattering quanta off the hidden dimension size with a mass mp/α 127.7 GeV. This results in a structural resonance Higgs = rp where Higgs is the Compton radius of the Higgs boson and Higgs =c/mHiggsc2 the rp electro-dynamic length of the proton rp=e2/mpc2. Vacuum decay results from this value of the Higgs boson mass, which is a key parameter in a mass system that creates the proton-electron mass system and thus hydrogen in the Big Bang. The vacuum is found to decay into proton-electron pairs and to give an “eternally inflating” cosmos of Hubble Time TH ( 9/ )1/3 /2 e2 /(4oGmemp ) re/c = 1.2 x1010 years. The predicted value of the CBR(Cosmic Background Radiation) temperature from this vacuum decay is TCBR (4cGme2/(3Th2Stefan-Boltz.)1/3 = 2.65K Support for this consists of observation of the failure of the Sunaeyev-Zeldovich effect, where distant galaxies are not observed to cast shadows in the CBR indicating a source for the CBR in the vacuum itself in the line of sight to more distant galaxies.
Abstract: The GEM (Gravity EM) unification theory builds on the Sakharov and Kaluza-Klein approaches to unify all four force fields of nature: Gravity, EM, Strong, and Weak using Feynman Path integral formalism. The model is rudimentary, and can be called a “Bohr Model” of unification. It is basically found that Gravity and the other forces can be understood...
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Theoretical Limits on the Efficiency of a Quantum Vacuum Thruster
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6-1, December 2014
Pages:
39-45
Received:
21 December 2014
Accepted:
27 December 2014
Published:
27 March 2015
Abstract: Theory and experiments show that vacuum fluctuations in quantum gravity can be abnormally strong, also at the micrometer or nanometer scale, for the following reasons: (1) the Einstein action is not positive-definite; (2) it is the only possible effective gravitational action; (3) quantum mechanics, in the form of the Feynman path integral, must apply to it, because any natural process is the result of all its possible quantum amplitudes; (4) due to (1), there are important non-classical virtual gravitational field configurations which can agree on a common phase. These field configurations can only interact directly with coherent matter, but can emit virtual gravitons which are absorbed by ordinary matter. All this makes possible, in principle, a vacuum thruster much more efficient than those based on the electromagnetic Casimir effect. We give an estimate of its efficiency based on the mentioned microscopic processes and on some parameters observed in experiments on anomalous forces with superconductors. With the observed energy efficiency of the order of 10-4 and an electric power of 10 W per kilogram of mass to propel, we find that a velocity of 0.1c can be reached in ca. 10 years. Possible improvements and practical limits are outlined. We discuss how the concept of ideal vacuum should be modified in order to allow a consistent description of these phenomena.
Abstract: Theory and experiments show that vacuum fluctuations in quantum gravity can be abnormally strong, also at the micrometer or nanometer scale, for the following reasons: (1) the Einstein action is not positive-definite; (2) it is the only possible effective gravitational action; (3) quantum mechanics, in the form of the Feynman path integral, must ap...
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Fundamental Concepts − from Force to Energy
Tuomo Suntola,
Ari Lehto,
Tarja Kallio-Tamminen,
Heikki Sipilä
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6-1, December 2014
Pages:
46-56
Received:
21 December 2014
Accepted:
27 December 2014
Published:
27 March 2015
Abstract: This paper discusses the nature of reality on the bases of novel fundamental concepts arisen out of the Dynamic Universe theory and the period doubling mechanism presented in papers The Dynamic Universe – space as a spherically closed energy system by Tuomo Suntola [1], and On the Planck scale and properties of matter by Ari Lehto [2] in this issue. The Dynamic Universe model and the period doubling mechanism open a new perspective on the physical reality and the primary laws of nature. Such a reorientation challenges the bases of the existing theory structures. The fundamental change of paradigm stimulates a deep philosophical study of the basic assumptions and concepts. Antique metaphysics created great principles but met its limits with the lack of empiricism. The triumph of modern physics can be seen in our phenomenal technological progress but the main objective of a scientific theory – to make nature understandable – has not been met. A theory is not inherently correct or wrong but it describes chosen phenomena accurately or less accurately, widely in all circumstances or only in a limited sense. A theory may rely on philosophical ideas of the laws of nature, or it may discern the laws of nature via a mathematical description of observations. A comprehensive theory comprises clear philosophical bases with a minimal number of postulates, without compromising experimental evidence and testable predictions.
Abstract: This paper discusses the nature of reality on the bases of novel fundamental concepts arisen out of the Dynamic Universe theory and the period doubling mechanism presented in papers The Dynamic Universe – space as a spherically closed energy system by Tuomo Suntola [1], and On the Planck scale and properties of matter by Ari Lehto [2] in this issue...
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On the Planck Scale and Properties of Matter
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6-1, December 2014
Pages:
57-65
Received:
21 December 2014
Accepted:
27 December 2014
Published:
27 March 2015
Abstract: Period doubling, or a frequency halving sequence, is a common property of nonlinear dynamical systems. Period can be related to other physical quantities, e.g. length, energy and temperature, which obtain the corresponding doubling/halving behavior. It is found that physical properties of natural phenomena, systems and elementary particles can be derived directly from the Planck time, taken as the fundamental period. Analysis of experimental data suggests that the period doubling process takes place in three and four internal degrees of freedom. It is further found out that long term stability complies with the stability condition of nonlinear dynamical systems. A theory of period doubling in 1/r-type nonlinear systems with three and four internal degrees of freedom is presented.
Abstract: Period doubling, or a frequency halving sequence, is a common property of nonlinear dynamical systems. Period can be related to other physical quantities, e.g. length, energy and temperature, which obtain the corresponding doubling/halving behavior. It is found that physical properties of natural phenomena, systems and elementary particles can be d...
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The Dynamic Universe – Space as a Spherically Closed Energy System
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6-1, December 2014
Pages:
66-85
Received:
21 December 2014
Accepted:
27 December 2014
Published:
27 March 2015
Abstract: The Dynamic Universe model comprises a holistic view and detailed study of space as a spherically closed 3-dimensional energy system in a 4-dimensional universe. It is based on zero-energy balance of motion and gravitation of space as a 3D surface of a 4-sphere – contracting and expanding in the direction of the 4-radius. Such a dynamic solution shows the rest energy of mass in space as the energy of motion mass possesses due to the expansion. DU shows relativity as a consequence of the conservation of total energy and the zero-energy balance in interactions in space, and allows the derivation of physical and cosmological predictions in relatively simple mathematics – with no need to rely on kinematically derived coordinate transformations. The postulates DU employs do not include the principle of relativity, the equivalence principle, or assumptions about the constancy of the velocity of light. Yet, for local phenomena, including near space, DU predictions are essentially the same as the corresponding predictions given by the special and general theories of relativity. Cosmology predictions in DU fit with observations without the need to free parameters like mass density and dark energy used in Friedman-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) cosmology. The Dynamic Universe model offers plausible basis for philosophical considerations and leads to an intelligible picture of physical reality from quantum phenomena to the cosmological structure and development of space. The universe in this model presents itself as an intricately ordered whole where local structures and expressions of energy and matter are inseparably connected to the rest of space.
Abstract: The Dynamic Universe model comprises a holistic view and detailed study of space as a spherically closed 3-dimensional energy system in a 4-dimensional universe. It is based on zero-energy balance of motion and gravitation of space as a 3D surface of a 4-sphere – contracting and expanding in the direction of the 4-radius. Such a dynamic solution sh...
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