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Analysis of Heavy Metal Content in Soil Peripheral Along Lagos-Ibadan Railway Route, South West, Nigeria
Ogunyemi Kayode Micheal,
Henry Sawyer Olawale
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, July 2022
Pages:
73-79
Received:
15 June 2022
Accepted:
27 June 2022
Published:
13 July 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijepp.20221004.11
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Abstract: In Nigeria, considering the period of passive functioning of railway transport along Ibadan - Lagos route but there is still notable commercial activities at each terminal and the agricultural activities along the route closed to the railway track continue increasing and with the recent reopening/construction of new rail. As such, the study aimed to determine the level of soil pollution with heavy metals from Railway Transportation in South West, Nigeria which focused on Oyo State (Bodija), Ogun State (Lafenwa) and Lagos State (Alajomeji). Four soil samples each were collected from study area making twelve (12) samples collected at a depth of 0-15 cm with minimum of 20-30 feet apart. A certain weight of each sample was weighed into beaker and 10mls of an acid mixture of nitric/perchloric acid was added and allowed to undergo digestion. The content was read on a Buck Scientific Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer model 210/211 VGP to determine the present of heavy metals like Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn and Cu. The concentration of Pb, Cd, Cr, Zn and Cu at Bodija range from 15.4–121.6, 0.00-0.85, 49.40-69.35, 199.0-329.5 and 37.40-55.50. Lafenwa; 58.4-417.50, 0.00-3.85, 9.70-47.45, 192.5-3557.5 and 45.40-1337.50. Alagomeji; 63.2-457.40, 2.10-4.10, 11.70-51.65, 201.6-3767.6 and 55.30-1537.60 mg/kg respectively. The mean effect indicated Pb, Cu and Cd were above the World Health Organisation standard for heavy metal in soil while Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu were above the standard of Nigeria Department of Petroleum Regulation for heavy metal in soil in the Railway Stations with significant correlation among the heavy metal indicated similar source of pollution. The Geo-accumulation index indicated the soil in the Railway station is extremely contaminated. The contamination factor (CF) show contamination level of the heavy metals in the study areas are moderately polluted. The pollution load index (PLI) at Bodija with 0.7687 indicated unpolluted, Lafenwa and Alagomeji with 2.8681 and 3.6437 respectively indicated polluted. The Pb, Cu, Zn and Cd are the major heavy metals generating from railway transportation as such, needs for periodic environmental monitoring of environmental media and phytoremediation of the railway stations as well formulation of policy relating to railway transportation in term of planning, construction, operation in the face of new era in Railway transportation in Nigeria.
Abstract: In Nigeria, considering the period of passive functioning of railway transport along Ibadan - Lagos route but there is still notable commercial activities at each terminal and the agricultural activities along the route closed to the railway track continue increasing and with the recent reopening/construction of new rail. As such, the study aimed t...
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Elicitation Format Effects on Welfare Estimates of Riparian Habitat Protection in Kenya
Esther Machana Magembe,
Hilary Kabiru Ndambiri,
Jared Isaboke Mose
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, July 2022
Pages:
80-91
Received:
13 June 2022
Accepted:
6 July 2022
Published:
28 July 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijepp.20221004.12
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Abstract: Despite the values associated with riparian habitats (RH), in Nairobi County these habitats are under pressure from human activities such as: - urban farming, informal settlements and dumping of solid wastes. Recently, the Kenyan National Environmental Management Authority (NEMA) demolished structures along RH to promote their health. The intervention could be rational with economic and environmental implications on RH protection, but empirical evidence is lacking. Therefore, understanding welfare effects associated with change in Elicitation Formats (EF) could explain the observed behavior. Multistage sampling procedure was used to sample 774 households. Stochastic Payment Card (SPC) and Multiple Bound Discrete Choice Payment Card (MBDC) generated the data. Data were: - collected through interview schedule, analyzed using Two Stage Random Valuation model and processed with STATA. MBDC willingness to pay (WTP) seemed inconsistent even though it was 1.26 times that of SPC. At 1% significance level, a statistical difference in mean WTP values was observed between the SPC and MBDC data, leading to rejection of null hypothesis in favor of the alternative (There’s a significant difference in mean WTP value between SPC and MBDC formats). Determinants (Age, Gender, Income, Distance, Necessity to protect and Land ownership) significantly influenced WTP across the three models. Standard deviations of WTP distributions were significantly influenced by (Distance, Age, Gender, Household size, Certainty of future incomes, Necessity to protect and Land ownership). The Kenyan residents were willing to pay positive amounts towards RHP. SPC valuation format was most preferred for valuation of RHP since it led to underestimation of RHP in Kenya. Change in EF positively influenced welfare estimates at 1% significance level leading to the rejection of the overall null hypothesis (Changing the EF does not significantly affect individual welfare estimates towards RHP in Kenya). Therefore, city authorities can now use the mean and SD estimates to benchmark their budget and policy proposals for RHP, with adjustments for individual WTP uncertainties, socio-economic and other characteristics of individuals, given they have proved to be important drives of welfare estimate decisions. Valuation estimates can now be used to formulate policies for restoration and protection of RH in Kenya and beyond to enhance their functioning. Moreover, more comparative studies can be done on valuation of other environmental goods and services with change in in EF as a variable.
Abstract: Despite the values associated with riparian habitats (RH), in Nairobi County these habitats are under pressure from human activities such as: - urban farming, informal settlements and dumping of solid wastes. Recently, the Kenyan National Environmental Management Authority (NEMA) demolished structures along RH to promote their health. The intervent...
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Research on Environmental Geophysical Methods in Geological Hazards Monitoring
Zhang Yiran,
Ma Xuanlong,
Quan Haoli,
Zeng Hesheng,
Chen Yufeng
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, July 2022
Pages:
92-100
Received:
9 May 2022
Accepted:
26 July 2022
Published:
29 July 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijepp.20221004.13
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Abstract: Geological hazard monitoring can predict geological hazard to a certain extent, so that relevant measures can be taken to reduce the damage of human and financial resources. Therefore, the quality of geological hazard monitoring is particularly important. In order to effectively improve the quality of geological hazard monitoring, the environmental geophysical methods in geological hazard monitoring are deeply explored in this paper. Firstly, the characteristics of environmental geophysical methods in geological hazard monitoring are described in detail. Secondly, this paper also introduces the environmental geophysical methods commonly used in geological hazard monitoring, such as electric exploration, seismic method, magnetic method and other methods, and provides relevant suggestions and suggestions for these methods, so as to provide certain help for geological hazard monitoring. This paper introduces the main applications of electrical prospecting, seismic method, gravitational method, radioactive prospecting, magnetic method and geophysical well logging. Some examples include the application scope and application results of DC resistivity method, magnetotelluric method and wide-field electromagnetic method, the method layout and application results of seismic survey methods in seismic method, Radon measurement results in radioactive exploration, and the application scope and application results of imaging method in geophysical well logging. Finally, this paper expects the development form and future development trend of geological hazards monitoring, and expects that the geophysical exploration methods can be more widely used in geological hazards monitoring.
Abstract: Geological hazard monitoring can predict geological hazard to a certain extent, so that relevant measures can be taken to reduce the damage of human and financial resources. Therefore, the quality of geological hazard monitoring is particularly important. In order to effectively improve the quality of geological hazard monitoring, the environmental...
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Ecological Ethics and Community Engagement Approach to Ecosystems Conservation: A Case Study of Volcanoes National Park in Rwanda
Wanyera Francis,
Mutugi Chira Robert,
Najma Dharani,
Gichuki Nathaniel
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, July 2022
Pages:
101-108
Received:
22 April 2022
Accepted:
11 August 2022
Published:
26 August 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijepp.20221004.14
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Abstract: Ecosystems can only be preserved if there is an inter-link of ethics in conservation. An assortment of literature exists that encompasses ecological ethics which at times is also referred to as ecological integrity that involves the ethics of research as well as environmental ethics. The study set out to investigate how ecological ethics interlinks with conservation of the ecosystems or environment. The challenge was that ecological ethics implementation together with local community engagement were not strong which negatively affected the ecosystem conservation. The study was guided by three specific objectives that included; i) to investigate the trends in key policies linked to ecological ethics and ecosystem conservation in VNP; ii) to ascertain the impact of ecological ethics on ecosystem conservation in VNP; iii) to determine the benefits of engaging the local community in ecological ethics approach to ecosystem conservation. The literature focused on environmental ethics, policies linked to ethics and local community engagement. Under the methodology section the study used the descriptive research design and purposive sampling technique. The population of study was 52 households while the sample was 42 households living within 200 meters from the park boundary. The findings showed that ecological ethics were crucial in influencing how humans conserved the ecosystems. Further, the study findings found out that there were challenges encountered especially when lack of awareness of ecological ethics among the local community and less engagement affected ecosystem conservation. However, the findings also indicated that as much as there were challenges, on the hand ecological ethics if well embraced, can generate a number of benefits both for the park and local community. In conclusion, conservation cannot be successful without incorporating the ecological ethics. It was recommended that VNP should engage all the stakeholders in ecological ethics particularly in line with conservation to achieve sustainable ecosystem conservation.
Abstract: Ecosystems can only be preserved if there is an inter-link of ethics in conservation. An assortment of literature exists that encompasses ecological ethics which at times is also referred to as ecological integrity that involves the ethics of research as well as environmental ethics. The study set out to investigate how ecological ethics interlinks...
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Ecological Restoration as a Strategy to Ecosystem Conservation and Community Livelihood: A Case Study of Bwindi Impenetrable National Park
Wanyera Francis,
Mutugi Chira Robert,
Najma Dharani,
Gichuki Nathaniel
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, July 2022
Pages:
109-117
Received:
22 April 2022
Accepted:
11 August 2022
Published:
26 August 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijepp.20221004.15
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Abstract: The study evaluated the strategies used to ensure the ecological process in Bwindi Impenetrable National park led to the regeneration of the fauna and flora as well as improved livelihood of the host community. The problem was that the ecological restoration in degraded areas was not efficiently done due to poor strategies used which affected the ecosystem regeneration as well as the local community livelihood. The study was guided by the specific objectives; to evaluate the restoration ecology trends of degraded fauna and flora species in the park; to assess approaches used to restore degraded fauna and flora species restored in the park; to ascertain the benefits of restoration of flora and fauna to both the park and the adjacent local community wellbeing. The study also hypothesized that anthropogenic activities had no drastic effect on ecosystem characteristics in the protected areas. The in depth literature reviewed was about the concepts and detailed information about ecological restoration and community livelihood. The methodology was descriptive and analytical while convenience sampling technique was used. The population of study was 60 whereas a sample had 40 households and 10 UWA staff. The data collection tools used included focus group discussions and interviews. The analysis of data was done by ANOVA to understand the extent of restoration and regeneration processes of ecosystems. The key results indicated that some fauna and flora species in the park were restored. The results revealed that specific restoration strategies used to stimulate regeneration had been applied. Additionally the study found out that the local community also benefited as a result of the ecological restoration process in the park. Conclusively, ecological restoration in Bwindi was practiced and has led to recovery of a number of fauna and flora species. It was recommended that the park should involve the key stakeholders in the ecological restoration process.
Abstract: The study evaluated the strategies used to ensure the ecological process in Bwindi Impenetrable National park led to the regeneration of the fauna and flora as well as improved livelihood of the host community. The problem was that the ecological restoration in degraded areas was not efficiently done due to poor strategies used which affected the e...
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