Abstract: Objectives. Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is frequently used as a first line strategy in the treatment of male and unexplained infertility. Threshold levels of sperm parameters associated with IUI success are controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of sperm parameters on the outcome of IUI. Study Design. A prospective observational study. Patients and methods. This study included 295 IUI cycles. All IUI cycles were preceded by ovarian superovulation with clomiphene citrate 50 mg tablets orally twice daily for 5 days starting on the second day of menses and recombinant FSH 150 units IM on the 6th, 8th, and 10th day. Cycles were monitored by transvaginal ultrasound. The IUI was performed with a catheter 36 ± 4 hours after hCG injection. Sperm parameters before and after semen treatment for IUI were evaluated and correlated with pregnancy outcome. Results. A total of 29 clinical pregnancies were obtained, for a pregnancy rate per cycle of 9.83%. No pregnancy was obtained when less than one million spermatozoa were inseminated (p = 0.022). A statically significant increase in pregnancy rate was observed when normal sperm morphology was > 20% before semen treatment (p = 0.01) and> 25% after semen treatment (p = 0.034). NTSI (number of typical spermatozoa inseminated) and NTMSI (number of typical and mobile spermatozoa inseminated) significantly influence the clinical pregnancy rate. A 65% decrease in pregnancy rate was observed when the NTSI <2 106 compared to the NTSI ≥ 2 106 (5.16% vs 15%, p =0.004). Similarly, a 54% decrease in pregnancy rate was observed when the NTMS <106” compared to the NTMS ≥ 106 (6.12% vs 13.5%, p =0.026). Conclusion. IUI used for treating male factor infertility seems to have little chance of success when NMSI <1 × 106, NTSI < 2 million, NTMSI < 1 million. If theses thresholds cannot be obtained, IVF should be recommended.Abstract: Objectives. Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is frequently used as a first line strategy in the treatment of male and unexplained infertility. Threshold levels of sperm parameters associated with IUI success are controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of sperm parameters on the outcome of IUI. Study Design. A prospective o...Show More
Abstract: Back ground: Antenatal care is a key intervention for reducing maternal and child mortality if initiated during early pregnancy. However, the existing evidence from developing countries, including Ethiopia indicates that most pregnant women attending ANC in their late pregnancy. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the time of antenatal care booking and associated factors among pregnant women attending Ambo town health facilities, central Ethiopia. Methods: A facility based cross-sectional study design was conducted among pregnant women attending Ambo town health facilities from February 1 to March 30 of 2012. A total of 379 pregnant mothers were interviewed at exit from antenatal clinic by using structured and pre-tested questionnaire. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 16 and a logistic regression data analysis was carried out. Results: The study revealed that only 13.2% of the study respondents were started ANC timely (in the first trimester of pregnancy). Women’s education (2.10, 95% CI =1.13, 3.82), women’s residence (2.86, 95% CI =1.11, 4.38), family monthly income (1.98, 95% CI =1.03, 4.31) and awareness on time of booking (3.86, 95% CI =1.11, 2.38) were found to be a significant predictors for time of ANC booking. Conclusions: Timely entry to antenatal care was low in the study area. In order to improve the situation, it is important to provide community based information, education and communication on antenatal care and its right time of initiation. In addition, investing on women education is very important for increasing their decision power to use focused ANC service effectively.Abstract: Back ground: Antenatal care is a key intervention for reducing maternal and child mortality if initiated during early pregnancy. However, the existing evidence from developing countries, including Ethiopia indicates that most pregnant women attending ANC in their late pregnancy. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the time of anten...Show More
