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Model Optimal Control of the Four Tank System
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 4, November 2016
Pages:
30-41
Received:
10 September 2016
Accepted:
26 September 2016
Published:
15 October 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijssam.20160104.11
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Abstract: The four tank system is a widely used mechatronic laboratory system in control theory. This work is aimed to choose the best controller for the four tank system (4TS) with two input force. The optimal control is one of the best techniques in a sense of performance, and is demonstrated for the level control of 4TS. There are several controller systems in optimal control for this purpose which are Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR), Linear Quadratic Gaussian Regulator (LQGR), H2, and H∞ controller system. These controllers will be applied to this important mechatronic system (4TS) separately, and compared the performance for disturbance rejection with each other to study the effect of these controller systems on the 4TS controlled state. On the other hand the performances of the optimal control systems are compared with other controller performances available in literatures for the same case study. The results indicate that the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) provides significant improvement over completely controllers. The simulations were carried out in MATLAB-Simulink.
Abstract: The four tank system is a widely used mechatronic laboratory system in control theory. This work is aimed to choose the best controller for the four tank system (4TS) with two input force. The optimal control is one of the best techniques in a sense of performance, and is demonstrated for the level control of 4TS. There are several controller syste...
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Partial Averaging of Fuzzy Hyperbolic Differential Inclusions
Tatyana Alexandrovna Komleva,
Irina Vladimirovna Molchanyuk,
Andrej Viktorovich Plotnikov,
Liliya Ivanovna Plotnikova
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 4, November 2016
Pages:
42-49
Received:
19 September 2016
Accepted:
28 September 2016
Published:
19 October 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijssam.20160104.12
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Abstract: In this article, we considered the fuzzy hyperbolic differential inclusions (fuzzy Darboux problem), introduced the concept of R-solution and proved the existence of such a solution. Also the substantiation of a possibility of application of partial averaging method for hyperbolic differential inclusions with the fuzzy right-hand side with the small parameters is considered.
Abstract: In this article, we considered the fuzzy hyperbolic differential inclusions (fuzzy Darboux problem), introduced the concept of R-solution and proved the existence of such a solution. Also the substantiation of a possibility of application of partial averaging method for hyperbolic differential inclusions with the fuzzy right-hand side with the smal...
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Comparative Analysis of Numerical Solution to a Linear System of Algebraic Equations
Aliyu Bhar Kisabo,
Aliyu Adebimpe Funmilayo,
Major Kwentoh Augustine Okey
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 4, November 2016
Pages:
50-57
Received:
28 September 2016
Accepted:
9 October 2016
Published:
31 October 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijssam.20160104.13
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Abstract: In engineering and science, linear systems of algebraic equations occur often as exact or approximate formulations of various problems. These types of equations are well represented in matrix form. A major challenge for researchers is the choice of algorithm to use for an appropriate solution. In this study, we choose to experiment with three algorithms for the solution to a system of linear algebraic equation. After subjecting the matrix form of the system of linear algebraic equations to the rank test, Gaussian Elimination method, Inverse Matrix Method and Row-Reduced Echelon were used to evaluate twenty-four (24) sets of solutions. Numerical methods are plagued by truncation and round-off errors thus, we choose to compute and compare result here by invoking the MATLAB command format long (15 decimal place) with format short (5 decimal place). After evaluating the required solutions, we substituted all computed results back into the system of linear algebraic equations to check if they are satisfied. Comparison of results was done on the basis of algorithm used and between the results obtained using either format long or format short values. Despite the presence of errors due to truncation and round-off, format short computed solutions gave acceptable result in some cases. Results obtained in this study proved the efficacy of the proposed technique.
Abstract: In engineering and science, linear systems of algebraic equations occur often as exact or approximate formulations of various problems. These types of equations are well represented in matrix form. A major challenge for researchers is the choice of algorithm to use for an appropriate solution. In this study, we choose to experiment with three algor...
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An Algorithm to Solve Fuzzy Trapezoidal Transshipment Problem
P. Gayathri,
K. R. Subramanian
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 4, November 2016
Pages:
58-62
Received:
15 September 2016
Accepted:
10 October 2016
Published:
9 November 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijssam.20160104.14
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Abstract: The fuzzy transportation problem in which available commodity frequently moves from one source to another source or destination before reaching its actual destination is called a fuzzy transshipment problem. In this paper, a new method is proposed to find the fuzzy optimal solution of fuzzy transportation problems with the following transshipment: From a source to any another source, from a destination to another destination, and from a destination to any source. In the proposed method all the parameters are represented by trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. To illustrate the proposed method a fuzzy transportation problem with transshipment is solved. The proposed method is easy to understand and to apply for finding the fuzzy optimal solution of fuzzy transportation problems with transshipment occurring in real life situations.
Abstract: The fuzzy transportation problem in which available commodity frequently moves from one source to another source or destination before reaching its actual destination is called a fuzzy transshipment problem. In this paper, a new method is proposed to find the fuzzy optimal solution of fuzzy transportation problems with the following transshipment: ...
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A Coupling Method of Homotopy Perturbation and Aboodh Transform for Solving Nonlinear Fractional Heat - Like Equations
Mohand M. Abdelrahim Mahgoub
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 4, November 2016
Pages:
63-68
Received:
8 October 2016
Accepted:
18 October 2016
Published:
15 November 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijssam.20160104.15
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Abstract: In this paper, we present the solution of nonlinear fractional Heat - Like equations by using Aboodh transform homotopy perturbation method (ATHPM). The proposed method was derived by combining Aboodh transform and homotopy perturbation method. This method is seen as a better alternative method to some existing techniques for such realistic problems. The results showed the efficiency and accuracy of the combined Aboodh transform and homotopy perturbation method.
Abstract: In this paper, we present the solution of nonlinear fractional Heat - Like equations by using Aboodh transform homotopy perturbation method (ATHPM). The proposed method was derived by combining Aboodh transform and homotopy perturbation method. This method is seen as a better alternative method to some existing techniques for such realistic problem...
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Comparative Analysis of Three NOCT-Based Cell Temperature Models
Anyanime Tim Umoette,
Emmanuel A. Ubom,
Ibiangake Etie Akpan
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 4, November 2016
Pages:
69-75
Received:
25 October 2016
Accepted:
18 November 2016
Published:
21 December 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijssam.20160104.16
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Abstract: In this paper, comparative analyses of three NOCT-based cell temperature models are presented. The models are the HOMER (Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources) software cell temperature, Ross cell temperature model and Davis and Rauschenbach cell temperature model. Noticeably, unlike PVSysts software, the three models do not include the effect of wind speed. Three models are analyzed using the meteorological data of a site in Ibeno, Akwa Ibom state, Nigeria. The results showed that among the three NOCT-based cell temperature models, the Ross model has the highest cell temperature for any given ambient temperature and solar irradiance. The HOMER Davis and Rauschenbach models have almost the same cell temperature values but in all the occasions, the HOMER model gives the lowest cell temperature among the three models. Equally, Ross model has the lowest annual energy yield and the highest thermal loss whereas the HOMER model has the highest annual energy yield and the lowest thermal loss.
Abstract: In this paper, comparative analyses of three NOCT-based cell temperature models are presented. The models are the HOMER (Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources) software cell temperature, Ross cell temperature model and Davis and Rauschenbach cell temperature model. Noticeably, unlike PVSysts software, the three models do not include the ...
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Determination of Refractivity Gradient and Geoclimatic Factor Using Radiosonde Data and Inverse Distance Weighting Spatial Interpolation for Missing Data
Iniobong Jackson Etokebe,
Mfonobong Charles Uko,
Iwuchukwu Uchechi Chinwe
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 4, November 2016
Pages:
76-81
Received:
16 October 2016
Accepted:
17 November 2016
Published:
12 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijssam.20160104.17
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Abstract: In this paper, point refractivity gradient and geoclimatic factor are determined using radiosonde data on meteorological parameters obtained in Calabar, Nigeria. The meteorological parameters used are air temperature, pressure and humidity obtained from the radiosonde data archive of Nigerian Meteorological Agency. In view of the poor spatial resolution of radiosonde data, inverse distance weighting spatial interpolation technique is used to obtain the missing data at certain height of interest in the study. The results obtained showed that the point refractivity gradient and geoclimatic factor showed monthly and seasonal variations. Specifically, Calabar has annual average Point Refractivity Gradient (dN) and Geoclimatic Factor (K) of -125.508 N-units/Km and 6.53762E-05 respectively. The largest dN value of -25.4683 N-units/Km occurred in May whereas the smallest value of -305.2692 N-units/Km occurred in November. Furthermore, there is higher value of point refractivity gradient in the rainy season than in the dry season whereas there is lower value of geoclimatic factor in the rainy season than in the dry season.
Abstract: In this paper, point refractivity gradient and geoclimatic factor are determined using radiosonde data on meteorological parameters obtained in Calabar, Nigeria. The meteorological parameters used are air temperature, pressure and humidity obtained from the radiosonde data archive of Nigerian Meteorological Agency. In view of the poor spatial resol...
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Estimation and Comparative Analysis of Atmospheric Refractivity and Fade Depth for Microwave Links in Calabar
Akinloye Bolanle Eunice,
Enyenihi Henry Johnson,
Ezenugu Isaac A.
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 4, November 2016
Pages:
82-85
Received:
16 October 2016
Accepted:
28 December 2016
Published:
21 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijssam.20160104.18
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Abstract: Generally, to radio link engineers, determination of fade depth and refractivity of propagation links remains very significant, especially, during radio propagation planning. It gives a good insight into the expected performances of the communication link and serves as bedrock to improve on Quality of Service (QoS). In this paper, three years (2012 to 2014) radiosonde atmospheric parameter data from Nigerian Meteorological Agency was used to determine the point refractivity gradient along with fade depth for Calabar, in Cross River state of Nigeria. In respect of the refractivity gradient for Calabar, the results showed the highest occurrence is in January with refractivity gradient of -33.0018 N units and the lowest refractivity gradient occurred in August with value of -305.2692 N units. Furthermore, the fade depth from the three different International Telecommunication Union (ITU) models; namely, ITU-R P.530-16 model, ITU-R P.530-14 model, and ITU-R P.530-9 model also indicated monthly and seasonal variations, with yearly average values of 139.74576 dB, 129.79196 dB and 154.57691 dB respectively.
Abstract: Generally, to radio link engineers, determination of fade depth and refractivity of propagation links remains very significant, especially, during radio propagation planning. It gives a good insight into the expected performances of the communication link and serves as bedrock to improve on Quality of Service (QoS). In this paper, three years (2012...
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Performance Evaluation of Empirical Rain Rate Models for Computing Rain Attenuation
Ezenugu Isaac Amazuilo,
Nseobong. I. Okpura,
Enyenihi Henry Johnson
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 4, November 2016
Pages:
86-90
Received:
16 October 2016
Accepted:
28 December 2016
Published:
21 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijssam.20160104.19
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Abstract: When computing rain attenuation with the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) model the rain rate is normally needed. However, only limited rain rate data are published by ITU for the various regions all over the globe. In order to obtain the missing rain rate data for ITU rain attenuation model, two empirical models used to generate the rain rate data for the fifteen ITU rain zones are presented in this paper. The performance of the two empirical models (referred to as Model 1 and Model 2) is also presented. Specifically, two ITU rain zones (N and P) are considered and Model 1 is used for estimating the rain rate in rain zone P, whereas, Model 2 is used for estimating the rain rate in rain zone N. The rain attenuation computed based on the ITU rain rate generated from the empirical models and the rain attenuation computed from the actual ITU rain rata data are compared in terms of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (r2) and prediction accuracy. According to the results, in respect of rain rate prediction for rain zone N, Model 2 has RMSE (3.491375), Coefficients of Determination (r2= 0.99816) and Prediction Accuracy (92.49319835%). Also, for rain zone N, with respect to the rain attenuation, Model 2 had RMSE of 0.792219, the Coefficients of Determination (r2) of 0.99855 and the Prediction Accuracy of 90.51054739%. Similarly, in respect of rain rate prediction for rain zone P, Model 1 has RMSE (4.924732), Coefficients of Determination (r2= 0.99798) and Prediction Accuracy (92.29421163%). In addition, with respect to the rain attenuation for rain zone P, Model 1 has RMSE is 1.276727, the Coefficients of Determination (r2) is 0.99812 and the Prediction Accuracy 90.31393492%. In all, the two prediction accuracies of the two empirical models are adjudged very good in predicting the rain rates. As such, the rain rates predicted by those models are suitable for computing the rain attenuations for the ITU rain zones.
Abstract: When computing rain attenuation with the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) model the rain rate is normally needed. However, only limited rain rate data are published by ITU for the various regions all over the globe. In order to obtain the missing rain rate data for ITU rain attenuation model, two empirical models used to generate the rai...
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Unsteady MHD Free Convective Three Phase Flow Through Porous Medium Sandwiched Between Viscous Fluids
Joseph K. Moses,
Idowu A. S,
Lawal A. B,
Darius P. B. Yusuf,
Onwubuoya C.
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 4, November 2016
Pages:
91-108
Received:
28 October 2016
Accepted:
15 November 2016
Published:
21 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijssam.20160104.20
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Abstract: In this paper, the unsteady MHD free convective flow through porous medium sandwiched between electrically conducting viscous-incompressible fluids in a horizontal channel with heat and mass transfer, with the assumptions that the upper and lower channel are non-porous (clear regions) and the middle channel as porous respectively have been studied. The governing equations of the flow were transformed to ordinary differential equation by a regular perturbation method and the expression for the velocity, temperature, and concentration for the flow were obtained. It is observed that the fluid velocity decreases with an increase in Prandtl number, Radiation parameter, Hartmann number and Schmidt number. Some of these governing parameters had little effect on the velocity profile while others had significant effect on this velocity profile. The same was seen on the temperature profile and concentration profile. Finally the governing parameters had effects on the flow and this study does aid in the practical usage of such flow or when confronted with such a flow.
Abstract: In this paper, the unsteady MHD free convective flow through porous medium sandwiched between electrically conducting viscous-incompressible fluids in a horizontal channel with heat and mass transfer, with the assumptions that the upper and lower channel are non-porous (clear regions) and the middle channel as porous respectively have been studied....
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