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Biodiesel from Green Alga Scenedesmus acuminatus
Yuwalee Unpaprom,
Sawitree Tipnee,
Ramaraj Rameshprabu
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1-1, January 2015
Pages:
1-6
Received:
29 October 2014
Accepted:
7 November 2014
Published:
11 January 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijrse.s.2015040101.11
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Abstract: Renewable fuels for alternative energy sources have been paid a great attention in recent years. Biodiesel has been gaining worldwide popularity as an alternative energy source. The production of biofuels from microalgae, especially biodiesel, has gained huge popularity in the recent years, and it is assumed that, due to its eco-friendly and renewable nature, it can replace the need of fossil fuels. Scenedesmus genus was discussed by phycologists as promising microalgae for biofuel production based on its biomass and fatty acid productivity. In the present study, S. acuminatus was cultivated in piggery wastewater effluent to couple waste treatment with biodiesel production. The batch feeding operation by replacing 10% of algae culture with Piggery wastewater effluent every day could provide a stable net biomass productivity of 3.24 g L−1 day−1. The effect of acid hydrolysis of lipids from S. acuminatus on FAME (fatty acid methyl esters) production was investigated. Direct transesterification (a one-stage process) of the as harvested S. acuminatus biomass resulted in a higher bio-diesel yield content than that in a two-stage process. This study results revealed that it is feasible to produce biodiesel from wet microalgae biomass directly without the steps of drying and lipid extraction.
Abstract: Renewable fuels for alternative energy sources have been paid a great attention in recent years. Biodiesel has been gaining worldwide popularity as an alternative energy source. The production of biofuels from microalgae, especially biodiesel, has gained huge popularity in the recent years, and it is assumed that, due to its eco-friendly and renewa...
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A Newly Isolated Green Alga, Pediastrum Duplex Meyen, from Thailand with Efficient Hydrogen Production
Ramaraj Rameshprabu,
Rungthip Kawaree,
Yuwalee Unpaprom
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1-1, January 2015
Pages:
7-12
Received:
2 November 2014
Accepted:
7 November 2014
Published:
11 January 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijrse.s.2015040101.12
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Abstract: Biofuels are gaining attention worldwide as a way to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. Biological Hydrogen (H2) production is considered the most environmentally friendly route of producing H2, fulfilling the goals of recycling renewable resources and producing clean energy. It has attracted global attention because of its potential to become an inexhaustible, low cost, renewable source of clean energy and appears as an alternative fuel. H2 production processes offer a technique through which renewable energy sources like biomass can be utilized for the generation of the cleanest energy carrier for the use of mankind. This paper presents laboratory results of biological production of hydrogen by green alga was isolated from fresh water fish pond in Sansai, Chiang Mai province, Thailand. Under light microscope, this green alga was identified as belonging to the genus Pediastrum and species P. duplex Meyen. The successful culture was established and grown in poultry litter effluent medium (PLEM) under a light intensity of 37.5 μmol-1m2 sec-1 and a temperature of 25°C. The nutrient requirements and process conditions that encourage the growth of dense and healthy algal cultures were explored. The highest H2 was produced when cultivated cells in PLEM for 21 hours under light and then incubated under anaerobic adaptation for 4 hours.
Abstract: Biofuels are gaining attention worldwide as a way to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. Biological Hydrogen (H2) production is considered the most environmentally friendly route of producing H2, fulfilling the goals of recycling renewable resources and producing clean energy. It has attracted global attention because of its potential to become a...
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Microalgae Biomass as an Alternative Substrate in Biogas Production
Rameshprabu Ramaraj,
Natthawud Dussadee,
Niwooti Whangchai,
Yuwalee Unpaprom
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1-1, January 2015
Pages:
13-19
Received:
20 November 2014
Accepted:
24 November 2014
Published:
11 January 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijrse.s.2015040101.13
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Abstract: The running down of fossil energy sources makes the production of bioenergy an expected need worldwide. Therefore, energy crops have gained increasing attention in recent years as a source for the production of bioenergy because they do not compete with food crops. Microalgae have numerous advantages such as fast growth rates and not competing with food production. Because of the fast growth, many high valuable products are generated, e.g. food, biofuel, etc. Due to the energy crisis, renewable energy becomes a popular issue in this world today and there are several alternatives such as bioenergy, solar, wind, tide, geothermal, etc. For bioenergy, algae are the third generation biofuel crop. There is an increased demand for biogas in the society and one way to meet this is to use cultivated microalgae as fermentation substrate. In the present study, we maintained algae growth process and biomass production in autotrophic condition continuously for over 2 month’s period. Growth system (photobioreactor) was setup under room temperature and continuous illumination light through fluorescent lamps; light intensity was average as 48.31 [µmol-1m-2 per µA]. In reactor, dominant microalgae species were including Anabaena sp., Chlorella sp., Oscillatoria sp., Oedogonium sp. and Scenedesmus sp. The content of total solids (TS) and volatile solids (VS) in the algae biomass was measured; the results were average as 12500 g/m3 and 6320 g/m3, respectively. Furthermore, microalgal biomass is a potentially valuable fermentation substrate, and produce over 60% of methane gas.
Abstract: The running down of fossil energy sources makes the production of bioenergy an expected need worldwide. Therefore, energy crops have gained increasing attention in recent years as a source for the production of bioenergy because they do not compete with food crops. Microalgae have numerous advantages such as fast growth rates and not competing with...
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Biological Purification Processes for Biogas Using Algae Cultures: A Review
Rameshprabu Ramaraj,
Natthawud Dussadee
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1-1, January 2015
Pages:
20-32
Received:
14 November 2014
Accepted:
19 November 2014
Published:
11 January 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijrse.s.2015040101.14
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Abstract: Bioenergy is a type of renewable energy made from biological sources including algae, trees, or waste from agriculture, wood processing, food materials, and municipalities. Currently, the uses of renewable fuels (bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas and hydrogen) are increased in the transport sector worldwide. From an environmental and resource-efficiency perspective biogas has several advantages in comparison to other biofuels. The main components of biogas are methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), but usually biogas also contains hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and other sulphur compounds, water, other trace gas compounds and other impurities. Purification and upgrading of the gas is necessary because purified biogas provides reductions in green house gas emissions as well as several other environmental benefits when used as a vehicle fuel. Reducing CO2 and H2S content will significantly improve the quality of biogas. Various technologies have been developed and available for biogas impurity removal; these include absorption by chemical solvents, physical absorption, cryogenic separation, membrane separation and biological or chemical methods. Since physiochemical methods of removal are expensive and environmentally hazardous, and biological processes are environmentally friendly and feasible. Furthermore, algae are abundant and omnipresent. Biogas purification using algae involved the use of algae’s photosynthetic ability in the removal of the impurities present in biogas. This review is aimed at presenting the algal characteristics, scientific approach, gather and clearly explain the main methods used to clean and purify biogas, increasing the calorific value of biogas and making this gas with characteristics closest as possible to natural gas through algae biological purification processes.
Abstract: Bioenergy is a type of renewable energy made from biological sources including algae, trees, or waste from agriculture, wood processing, food materials, and municipalities. Currently, the uses of renewable fuels (bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas and hydrogen) are increased in the transport sector worldwide. From an environmental and resource-efficienc...
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Renewable Energy Application for Organic Agriculture: A Review
Rameshprabu Ramaraj,
Natthawud Dussadee
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1-1, January 2015
Pages:
33-38
Received:
29 October 2014
Accepted:
31 October 2014
Published:
11 January 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijrse.s.2015040101.15
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Abstract: Agriculture is still the occupation of the majority of Thai people, despite the share of industry and services rising constantly. In terms of agricultural lands, Thailand is also one of the largest countries in the world, especially in Asia. Fruits and field crops make up for the most of vegetable products, rice being the leading crop. Currently, the market demand for organic food is increasing mainly due to consumer perceptions of quality and safety of these products. The primary goal of organic agriculture is to optimize the health and productivity of interdependent communities of soil life, plants, animals and people. Organic agriculture is expected that this requirement will continue to grow in the near future. On the other hand, energy is used in many organic agricultural inputs, including irrigation, mechanization and fertilizer. Both organic and conventional farming systems are mainly dependent on fossil energy, which is particularly crucial given rapidly growing energy costs. However, renewable resources are abundant. Many commercial technologies are available to connect these resources, and with suitable support, additional technologies could be brought to market. The aim of this research review is to investigate the utility of renewable energies for organic agricultural activities. In this concept, solar energy, biomass energy, wind energy, geothermal energy and hydropower are discussed by application. There is significant potential for organic agricultural involvement in the production and consumption of solar, wind, geothermal and biomass energy.
Abstract: Agriculture is still the occupation of the majority of Thai people, despite the share of industry and services rising constantly. In terms of agricultural lands, Thailand is also one of the largest countries in the world, especially in Asia. Fruits and field crops make up for the most of vegetable products, rice being the leading crop. Currently, t...
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Effect of Solar-Induced Water Temperature on the Growth Performance of African Sharp Tooth Catfish (Clarias Gariepinus)
Wirawut Temprasit,
Alounxay Pasithi,
Suthida Wanno,
Supannee Suwanpakdee,
Sudaporn Tongsiiri,
Natthawud Dussadee,
Niwooti Whangchai
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1-1, January 2015
Pages:
39-43
Received:
30 October 2014
Accepted:
2 November 2014
Published:
11 January 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijrse.s.2015040101.16
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Abstract: The effect of solar-induced temperature on the growth performance of African sharp tooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) was studied based on a completely randomized design (CRD). Fishes with an average initial weight of 4.07±0.58 g were cultured for 90 days in 3 treatments with 3 replications, outdoor plastic lining ponds (treatment 1), outdoor cement ponds (treatment 2) and indoor cement ponds (treatment 3). The study investigation revealed that water temperature was significantly different among treatments (p0.05) and the highest value was observed in treatment 3 (30.91±1.60 oC), followed by treatment 1 (29.19±1.54 oC) and treatment 2 (27.58±1.58 oC), respectively. Results of the experiment further showed that the differences in temperatures affected the growth and survival rate of the fishes. After 90 days of culture, fishes in treatment 1 had significantly higher weight (298.75±4.32 g/fish), growth rate (3.32±0.05 g/day) and survival rate (95.0±2.0) than treatment 2 (198.40±5.25 g/fish, 2.20±0.06 g/day and 89.0±2.0) and treatment 3 (198.40±5.25 g/fish, 2.20±0.06 g/day and 87.6±2.1) (p0.05). The results indicate that the application of plastic greenhouse to increase the temperature is an alternative that could be applied for aquaculture, especially during winter when temperature is unsuitably lower.
Abstract: The effect of solar-induced temperature on the growth performance of African sharp tooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) was studied based on a completely randomized design (CRD). Fishes with an average initial weight of 4.07±0.58 g were cultured for 90 days in 3 treatments with 3 replications, outdoor plastic lining ponds (treatment 1), outdoor cemen...
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Performance Analysis of Power Generation by Producer Gas from Refuse Derived Fuel-5 (RDF-5)
Natthawut Dutsadee,
Nigran Homdoung,
Rameshprabu Ramaraj,
Khamatanh Santisouk,
Shangphuerk Inthavideth
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1-1, January 2015
Pages:
44-49
Received:
30 October 2014
Accepted:
4 November 2014
Published:
12 January 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijrse.s.2015040101.17
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Abstract: At present, municipal and city corporation governments throughout the world are facing choices about how to manage the unending stream of waste generated by their residents and businesses. In many places landfills and dumpsites are filling up, and all landfills and dumpsites leak into the environment; due to increasing populations, the issue of waste becomes more urgent and more complicated. Many regions are already facing a waste crisis, and drastic measures are needed. In the past, the main approach to waste management operations is the landfill which is causes many environmental pollutions and health hazards. Furthermore, extending the land for land filling is the one of best solutions. This paper demonstrated the performance analysis of power generation producer gas from RDF-5 in Chiang Mai University, Thailand. The efficiency of different ratio waste composition and of RDF-5 was revealed. In addition, the humidity, density and heat capacity of RDF-5 are also focused. In order to analyze the compositions, heat capacity of producer gas, fuel consumption, efficiency of producer gas system, waste water and quantity of ash; RDF-5 have been tested by using producer gas in different ratio of oxygen and fuel. In term of automobile application, the performance of RDF-5 and Diesel-RDF-5 are compared; and the specific factors such as power, specific fuel consumption rate, carbon dioxide, sound level and fuel feeding were included that comparison. Consequently, this paper mainly focused and concerned with the production and properties of refuse derived fuel-5 for use in energy from waste technologies.
Abstract: At present, municipal and city corporation governments throughout the world are facing choices about how to manage the unending stream of waste generated by their residents and businesses. In many places landfills and dumpsites are filling up, and all landfills and dumpsites leak into the environment; due to increasing populations, the issue of was...
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R-290 Vapor Compression Heat Pump for Recovering and Upgrading Waste Heat of Air-Conditioner by Using Spiral Coil Tank
Nattaporn Chaiyat,
Natthawud Dussadee
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1-1, January 2015
Pages:
50-56
Received:
29 October 2014
Accepted:
31 October 2014
Published:
12 January 2015
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijrse.s.2015040101.18
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Abstract: In this study, a concept of using a vapor compression heat pump for recovering and upgrading waste heat of an air-conditioner has been presented. R-290 has been selected due to its high efficiency and the environmental impact. R-290 heat pump at heating capacity 3 kW has been constructed to recover waste heat from the discharge refrigerant leaving compressor of R-134a air-conditioner at cooling capacity 1 TR. From the study results, it could be seen that the modified unit gives better EERAC when the cooling water does not over 43 ºC. A set of simplified model has been developed to predict the system performance and the simulated results agree quite well with the measured data. Moreover, profile of hot water consumption in the department of children's hospital room, Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital is chosen to study. It was found that the hospital requires hot water is 0.815 m3/d at 50 ºC temperature, one unit of R-290 heat pump is enough to generate hot water with the economic results of saving cost and payback period around 765.46 USD/y and 1.97 y, respectively.
Abstract: In this study, a concept of using a vapor compression heat pump for recovering and upgrading waste heat of an air-conditioner has been presented. R-290 has been selected due to its high efficiency and the environmental impact. R-290 heat pump at heating capacity 3 kW has been constructed to recover waste heat from the discharge refrigerant leaving ...
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