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Phytochemicals for Non-insulin Diabetes Mellitus: A Minireview on Plant-Derived Compounds Hypoglycemic Activity
Ming-jun Chen,
Xin Yan,
Yu-qing Chen,
Chao Zhao
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 2, March 2017
Pages:
23-27
Received:
21 February 2017
Accepted:
6 March 2017
Published:
11 March 2017
Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM), a group of chronic metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin action and/or insulin secretion. It represents one of the main contributors to ill health and premature mortality worldwide and its prevalence has been rising during the last decades. Unfortunately, many antidiabetic agents for diabetes either have inadequate efficacy or significant mechanism-based side effects. A great deal of interest has been developed to the various natural bioactive compounds isolated and characterized from medicinal plants. This review focuses specifically on four nature phytochemicals such as polysaccharides, flavonoids, saponins and alkaloids whose properties are potencial to antidiabetic remedy.
Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM), a group of chronic metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin action and/or insulin secretion. It represents one of the main contributors to ill health and premature mortality worldwide and its prevalence has been rising during the last decades. Unfortunately, many antidiabetic agent...
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Potassium Removal from Juices Using an Individual Single-Use Ion-Exchange Device
Alexander Pushkin,
Rachel Mund,
Anna Nadya Pushkin,
Allan Zevelev,
Debra Newman,
Ofelia Berina,
Maria Golchin,
Ira Kurtz
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 2, March 2017
Pages:
28-33
Received:
7 February 2017
Accepted:
28 February 2017
Published:
15 March 2017
Abstract: There are more than 100 million patients with various stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with decrease in CKD1 to loss in CKD 5 (end stage renal disease, ESRD) in the ability of the kidney to excrete K+ causing hyperkalemia and potentially heart attack. To avoid hyperkalemia, kidney patients have to drastically limit the consumption of fruit and vegetable juices that significantly decreases the nutritional value of their diet. Previous research using ion-exchange column chromatography demonstrated some efficiency in the K+ removal from juices without pulp, whereas no approaches have been generated for the K+ removal from juices with pulp (e.g. the most popular in the USA orange juice). Currently there are no commercially available low K+ fruit/vegetable juices for renal patients nor do patients have the ability to lower the K+ in juices on an individual basis. A device is reported that individual patients can use to remove K+ from juices with or without pulp using permeable t-sacs with Dowex Monosphere 99/320 Ca cation-exchange resin. The device significantly lowers the K+ content (by ~80% of original), is simple to use, and will be of benefit to patients who are on K+ restricted diets.
Abstract: There are more than 100 million patients with various stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with decrease in CKD1 to loss in CKD 5 (end stage renal disease, ESRD) in the ability of the kidney to excrete K+ causing hyperkalemia and potentially heart attack. To avoid hyperkalemia, kidney patients have to drastically limit the consumption of fruit an...
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Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome Among Diabetes Patients in Central Regional Hospital, Cape Coast, Ghana
Heckel Amoabeng Abban,
Precious Barnes,
Du-Bois Asante,
Emmanuel Effah-Yeboah,
Paul Nsiah,
Shadrack Fenuku
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 2, March 2017
Pages:
34-43
Received:
30 December 2016
Accepted:
16 January 2017
Published:
18 March 2017
Abstract: Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a combination of complex group of cardiovascular risk factors, which include central adiposity, high blood pressure, dyslipidaemia and elevated fasting blood glucose. Generally, the prevalence of MetS in diabetes patients is high and the syndrome tends to promote the development of diabetes and other chronic diseases. Diabetes is characterised by high random plasma glucose as well as polyuria, polydipsia and weight loss etc. Aim: This study aims to determine the prevalence of MetS in diabetics’ patients using the National Cholesterol Education Programme (NCEP) ATP III criteria, World Health Organisation and International Diabetes Federation definitions in quantifying the syndrome. Method: This cross-sectional study involved 103 diabetes patients in the Cape Coast Metropolis, Central Region. Anthropometric measurements and fasting blood samples for blood sugar and lipids were taken. Blood pressures were recorded from their personal health record files. The NCEP ATP III, WHO and IDF criteria were used to define diabetes patients with the metabolic syndrome. Results: A total of 42 (40.8%), 31(30.1%), 81 (78.6%) were obese, overweight and have high waist circumference (IDF) respectively. Also all the participants had a low high density lipoprotein (HDL) level with 42(95.5%) having high triglycerides (TG). Significant associations were found for age range of 66-75(OR= 16.00, CI= 1.32-194.62), women (OR= 14.06; CI= 2.50-79.05) and high blood pressure (OR= 5.83, CI= 1.22-39.93). Prevalence of MetS was 38.60%, 59.09% and 75.00% using WHO, NCEP ATP III and IDF criteria respectively. Conclusion: A high prevalence of MetS was observed among the diabetes patients. The prevalence among the females was higher than that of the males.
Abstract: Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a combination of complex group of cardiovascular risk factors, which include central adiposity, high blood pressure, dyslipidaemia and elevated fasting blood glucose. Generally, the prevalence of MetS in diabetes patients is high and the syndrome tends to promote the development of diabetes and other chronic...
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Iodine Deficiency Disorder and Its Association with Academic Performance Among Children in Jimma Town, Southwestern Ethiopia
Yinebeb Mezgebu,
Andualem Mossie,
PN Rajesh,
Hailie Fentahun
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 2, March 2017
Pages:
44-50
Received:
5 April 2016
Accepted:
1 March 2017
Published:
18 March 2017
Abstract: Nutritional status is the major factor that can affect academic performance of school children. The main aim of this study was to determine the association between iodine deficiency disorder and academic performance among school age children. Both community & school based cross sectional survey was conducted from October 1-30, 2010. A total of 1254 students, aged 6-12 years, were selected from five primary schools using systematic random sampling method. Goiter examinations and urine iodine test was done to diagnose goiter. Spot urine samples were collected to determine median urinary iodine level and anthropometric measurements were done. In this study, 1,254 children were included; 674 (53.7%) were males. Average academic score of students for both sexes was 71.13%. Majority of students 349 (71.2%) who had goiter scored below average (p=0.01). High median urinary iodine level [AOR=0.38; 95% CI (0.190,0.489)]; high height-for-age z-score [AOR=5.023; 95% CI (3.317,7.607)]; and high weight-for-age z-score [AOR=3.214; 95% CI (2.091,4.941]) were significantly associated with good school performance. Iodine deficiency disorder is a significant health problem among schoolchildren in the study area. Strengthening salt iodization program is a preventive measure.
Abstract: Nutritional status is the major factor that can affect academic performance of school children. The main aim of this study was to determine the association between iodine deficiency disorder and academic performance among school age children. Both community & school based cross sectional survey was conducted from October 1-30, 2010. A total of 1254...
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Chemometrics Assisted Method for Classification of Mango Juice as Adulterated or Safe with over Use of Artificial Colours by UV Spectroscopic Data
Mohammad Nashir Uddin,
Ajit Kumar Majumder,
Abu Tareq Mohammad Abdullah,
Md. Alamgir Kabir
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 2, March 2017
Pages:
51-56
Received:
10 December 2016
Accepted:
15 March 2017
Published:
28 March 2017
Abstract: Tartazine, Sunset Yellow and Beta Carotine are commonly used artificial colours in commercial mango juices in order to make them attractive to the consumers, even though these synthetic colours have hazardous effect on health. Therefore, it is very often necessary to classify juices as adulterated with heavy use of these colours or not. In the present study, two chemometric techniques, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Partial Least Square-Discrimination Analysis (PLS-DA) have been assessed for their efficiencies for classification. Here, UV spectroscopic data are used as input. Three techniques, Standard Normal Variate (SNV), Multiplicative Scatter Correction (MSC), Savitzky–Golay (S-G) filtering have been evaluated for their do-noising performance, and select the best one. Before calibration, spectral data are de-noised with MSC as is proved most efficient for de-noising UV spectral data. Spectral range 371-533 nm has been used for calibration ultimately. ANN shows better classification results than PLS-DA for all colours. Finally, the study is proposing a simpler and cheaper method for classification of mango juice as adulterated or safe with over use of artificial colours by applying ANN in de-noised spectroscopic data.
Abstract: Tartazine, Sunset Yellow and Beta Carotine are commonly used artificial colours in commercial mango juices in order to make them attractive to the consumers, even though these synthetic colours have hazardous effect on health. Therefore, it is very often necessary to classify juices as adulterated with heavy use of these colours or not. In the pres...
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Development of a Competitive Enzyme Immunoassay Technique for the Detection of Soy Traces in Meat Products
Cellerino Karina,
Rodríguez Viviana Gladys,
Docena Guillermo,
López Laura Beatriz
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 2, March 2017
Pages:
57-62
Received:
30 January 2017
Accepted:
22 March 2017
Published:
3 April 2017
Abstract: The aim of this work was to develop a competitive enzyme immunoassay technique, to detect the presence of traces of soy in meat products. Specific rabbit polyclonal antiserum against soy protein was used as primary antibody. The optimal antigen concentration to be immobilized on the plate and the concentration of primary antibody to be used in competition was determined. The calibration curve was fitted using increasing concentrations of an extract of soy product. The soy product was extracted with Tris-HCl buffer 0.0625M with 3% sodium dodecylsulfate and 2% mercaptoethanol. The working range used in the enzyme immunoassay to detect soy was 9-280ppm SP with adequate linearity (R2: 0.9880). All validation parameters studied were appropriate. Commercial samples of meat products were analyzed with this enzyme immunoassays and a commercial ELISA kit. Significant differences were observed in the quantitative results obtained with both methods; nevertheless the developed enzyme immunoassay could be used as screening method.
Abstract: The aim of this work was to develop a competitive enzyme immunoassay technique, to detect the presence of traces of soy in meat products. Specific rabbit polyclonal antiserum against soy protein was used as primary antibody. The optimal antigen concentration to be immobilized on the plate and the concentration of primary antibody to be used in comp...
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