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A Review on Dendrimers and Metallodendrimers, the Important Compounds as Catalyst in Material Chemistry
Md. Ashraful Alam,
Aklima Jahan,
Md. Wahab Khan
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 5, October 2017
Pages:
52-56
Received:
25 July 2017
Accepted:
2 August 2017
Published:
31 August 2017
Abstract: The research and the usage of the dendrimers and metallodendrimer compounds which are also known as supramolecules are attracted by the scientists very fast. The use of these two types of compounds are developed and spread out from the chemical to materials throughout the world. One of the important applications of these supramolecules is as catalyst in the different fields of chemistry and material sciences.
Abstract: The research and the usage of the dendrimers and metallodendrimer compounds which are also known as supramolecules are attracted by the scientists very fast. The use of these two types of compounds are developed and spread out from the chemical to materials throughout the world. One of the important applications of these supramolecules is as cataly...
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Dielectrics Properties and Temperature Dependence of Electron Spin Resonance of Doped Molybdenum CCTO
Séka Simplice Kouassi,
Jean-Pierre Sagou Sagou,
Cécile Autret-Lambert,
Sonia Didry,
Marc Lethiecq
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 5, October 2017
Pages:
57-65
Received:
18 July 2017
Accepted:
28 July 2017
Published:
31 August 2017
Abstract: The role perovskite-type CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) dope by molybdenum (Mo) on the microstructure, dielectric properties and the temperature dependence of Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) has been investigated in this work. The solid state reaction has been used to synthesize CCTO ceramic samples. Substitution on Ti-site by Mo helps to increase the grain size of samples and therefore increase the dielectric constant according to the IBLC theory. There is no great difference between the ESR spectra of pure CCTO and CCTO doped by Molybdenum as a function of temperature. For a given temperature, ESR signal spectrum intensity increases as the Mo content increases. The magnetic susceptibility varies according to the composition only when the temperature is higher than 70K. The antiferromagnetic character of the CCTO decreases when the Mo content increases.
Abstract: The role perovskite-type CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) dope by molybdenum (Mo) on the microstructure, dielectric properties and the temperature dependence of Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) has been investigated in this work. The solid state reaction has been used to synthesize CCTO ceramic samples. Substitution on Ti-site by Mo helps to increase the grain size...
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A Novel Biosensor for Determination of Glucose Based on MWCNTs/ZrO2-Pt Nanocomposite
Mohamed Abdelfattah Ibrahim,
Meshari A. Al-Sharif,
Ali A. Keshk
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 5, October 2017
Pages:
66-72
Received:
12 March 2017
Accepted:
8 April 2017
Published:
20 September 2017
Abstract: Multiwalled carbon nanotubes/ZrO2-Pt(MWCNTs/ZrO2-Pt) composite was synthesized by a chemical route. The structure and composition of the MWCNTs/ZrO2-Pt composite were confirmed by means of transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Due to the good electrochemical activity property of MWCNTs/ZrO2-Pt composite, a glucose biosensor was constructed by absorbing glucose oxidase (GOD) on the hybrid material. A direct electron transfer process is observed at the MWCNTs/ZrO2-Pt/GOD-modified glassy carbon electrode. The glucose biosensor has a linear range from 4.0 to 24.0 mM, which is suitable for glucose determination by real samples. It should be worthwhile noting that, from 4.0 to 12.0mM, the cathodic peak currents of the biosensor decrease linearly with increasing the glucose concentrations in human blood. Meanwhile, the resulting biosensor can also prevent the effects of interfering species. Moreover, the biosensor exhibits satisfying reproducibility, good operational stability and storage stability. Therefore, the MWCNTs/ZrO2-Pt /GOD biocomposite could be promisingly applied to determine blood sugar concentration in the practical clinical analysis.
Abstract: Multiwalled carbon nanotubes/ZrO2-Pt(MWCNTs/ZrO2-Pt) composite was synthesized by a chemical route. The structure and composition of the MWCNTs/ZrO2-Pt composite were confirmed by means of transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Due to the good electrochemical activity property of MWCNTs/ZrO2-Pt composite, a glucose biosensor was ...
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Assessment of Heavy Metals Concentration in Ground Water from Various Locations of Gezawa Local Government Area of Kano State
Sadiq Abdurrahman Abubakar Shawai,
Muhammad Sani Nahannu,
Halima Ibrahim Mukhtar,
Adamu Idris,
Idris Imam Abdullahi
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 5, October 2017
Pages:
73-76
Received:
7 March 2017
Accepted:
1 June 2017
Published:
24 October 2017
Abstract: The purpose of this research is to assess the level of some heavy metals in ground water samples from Gezawa Local Government Area of Kano state. Water samples were collected from ten point designated as A1-A10 for the assessment of heavy metals. The levels of heavy metals in the water sample were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Pb and Zn in the water sample are within the maximum contaminant level set by Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON) and World Health Organization (WHO) except for lead in point A1 and A4.
Abstract: The purpose of this research is to assess the level of some heavy metals in ground water samples from Gezawa Local Government Area of Kano state. Water samples were collected from ten point designated as A1-A10 for the assessment of heavy metals. The levels of heavy metals in the water sample were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotomete...
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Biosorption of Cd(ll), Cu(ll) and Ni(ll) Ions from Aqueous Solution Using Jatropha Curcas Seed Pod
Onwu Francis Kalu,
Nwokedi Chizoba Bridget
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 5, October 2017
Pages:
77-84
Received:
13 March 2017
Accepted:
15 May 2017
Published:
24 October 2017
Abstract: Batch adsorption studies were conducted to determine the extent and nature of adsorption of Ni(ll), Cu(ll) and Cd(ll) ions from aqueous solutions onto JatrophacurcasSeed pod. The effects of pH, initial metal ion concentration and presence of co-ions were studied. Results showed that the adsorption process was dependent on pH, having optimum pH for adsorption of Ni(ll) at 7.0 and with maximum amount adsorbed as 9.23 mg/g. That of Cu(ll) occurred at pH 8.0 with maximum amount adsorbed as 9.65 mg/g while for Cd(ll), the pH for optimum adsorption occurred at pH 6.0 with maximum amount of 9.99 mg/g adsorbed. Evaluation of percentage removal shows that the percentage of Ni(ll), Cu(ll) and Cd(ll) adsorbed at their optimum pH corresponded to 92.30%, 96.50% and 99.90% respectively. Increasing the initial concentration of the metal ions was also found to increase the adsorption capacity for the metal ions by the adsorbent. The experimental data were interpreted using three isotherm models viz; the Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-RadushKevich isotherms. Results showed that the Freundlich isotherm provided the best fit to the experimental adsorption data. The mean free energy values, E (which ranged from 1.343 to 2.275 kJ mol-1) calculated from the Dubinin-RadushKevich (D-R) isotherm equation suggests weak interaction between the metal ions and the adsorbent, thus revealing that the mode of the adsorption process follows physisorption. Assessment of competitive adsorption of the metal ions from mixed metal ions solutions shows that the presence of foreign ions in the solution diminished the adsorption density of the metal ion under consideration. The results generally showed that the order of adsorption of the metal ions onto the biosorbent follows the trend Cd(ll) > Cu(ll) > Ni(ll).
Abstract: Batch adsorption studies were conducted to determine the extent and nature of adsorption of Ni(ll), Cu(ll) and Cd(ll) ions from aqueous solutions onto JatrophacurcasSeed pod. The effects of pH, initial metal ion concentration and presence of co-ions were studied. Results showed that the adsorption process was dependent on pH, having optimum pH for ...
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Applications of Bio-waste Materials as Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles and Water Purification
Hager R. Ali,
Mohamed A. Hassaan
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 5, October 2017
Pages:
85-101
Received:
14 March 2017
Accepted:
7 April 2017
Published:
24 October 2017
Abstract: Towards the future of green, sustainable and renewable products the suggestion of using the agriculture biomass in the coming decades got increased. Biomass material is one of the important sources of alternative material for the production of biocomposite products. An increasing global awareness about environmental issues is acting as the driving force behind the utilization of biomass material as valuable products. Bio-waste materials (agricultural waste) have been recognized as an ecological burden for the society they stimulated new gateways for the production of renewable, low cost and sustainable adsorbents for water treatment applications. In the area of water purification, nanotechnology offers the possibility of an efficient removal of pollutants and bacteria. Adsorption has proved that it is the best process of water treatment technologies, because of its significant advantages. Different modification methods of waste-based adsorbents, have also been presented to highlight and discuss the key advancements on the preparation of novel adsorbents using agricultural “agro-waste”. Adsorption mechanisms responsible for pollutants removal by waste-based adsorbents have also been discussed. It also focuses on the computational aspects of binding of biomolecules to nanoparticles (NPs) and some of the applications of the biosynthesized NPs as water purification. The nature acts like a large ‘‘bio-laboratory” comprising of plants, algae, fungi, yeast, etc. which are composed of biomolecules. These naturally occurring biomolecules have been identified to play an active role in the formation of nanoparticles with distinct shapes and sizes thereby acting as a driving force for the designing of greener, safe and environmentally benign protocols for the synthesis of NPs. The biosynthesis of NPs using waste materials will help researchers not only to design safer nanomaterials but also to promote the understanding of health and safety considerations of NPs. Useful materials can be produced easily even at reasonable scale because the biomaterial based routes eliminate the need to use toxic chemicals. The aim of this review is to summarize the adsorption capacities for organic and inorganic pollutants by different bio-waste-based adsorbents.
Abstract: Towards the future of green, sustainable and renewable products the suggestion of using the agriculture biomass in the coming decades got increased. Biomass material is one of the important sources of alternative material for the production of biocomposite products. An increasing global awareness about environmental issues is acting as the driving ...
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