Assessment of Human Health Risk of Potential Toxic Metals in Herbal Concoction Teas Commonly Consumed in Nigeria

Solomon Sunday Durodola; Olawole Ayinuola; Odunayo Timothy Ore; Oladotun Wasiu Makinde

doi:doi:10.11648/j.wjac.20190403.12

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Assessment of Human Health Risk of Potential Toxic Metals in Herbal Concoction Teas Commonly Consumed in Nigeria

Solomon Sunday Durodola, Olawole Ayinuola, Odunayo Timothy Ore, Oladotun Wasiu Makinde

Published in World Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 4, Issue 3)

Received: 31 August 2019 Accepted: 20 September 2019 Published: 30 September 2019

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Abstract

Concentrations of potential toxic metals (Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, As, Fe and Mn) were determined in herbal concoction teas commonly consumed in Nigeria using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Results revealed that Fe had the highest concentration with a mean value of 13.136 ± 0.195 µg/g, while As had the least mean concentration (0.043 ± 0.006 µg/g). Pollution index (PI) result indicated that the teas were contaminated with Cu (PI value > 1) while it was clear of contamination by the other investigated metals. Cluster analysis showed close inter-element relationships between the investigated metals, indicating similar chemical properties and/or genetic origin. Correlation matrix showed that positive and significant correlations existed between between Zn/Cr, Ni/Cr, Co/Cr, Fe/Cu, Mn/Cu, Ni/Zn, Co/Zn, Co/Ni and Mn/Fe, indicating chemical affinity. Estimated daily intake, target hazard quotient and cancer risk showed that there was no health risk associated with the consumption of the herbal concoction teas. Relative risk indicated that the highest concern is from the levels of Co in the teas. The study concluded that consumption of the teas may not pose risk to human health at the current levels of the metals, but should be consumed moderately to prevent bioaccumulation of the metals.

Published in	World Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 4, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.wjac.20190403.12
Page(s)	35-41
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

AAS, Health Risk, Herbal Concoction Teas, Pollution, Toxic Element

References

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[15]	Peng, Q., Nunes, L. M., Greenfield, B. K., Dang, F., and Zhong, H. 2016. Are Chinese consumers at risk due to exposure to metals in crayfish? A bioaccessibility-adjusted probabilistic risk assessment. Environment International. 88, 261–268.
[16]	Shaheen, N., Irfan, N. M., Khan, I. N., Islam, S., Islam, M. S., and Ahmed, M. K. 2016. Presence of heavy metals in fruits and vegetables: health risk implications in Bangladesh. Chemosphere. 152, 431–438.
[17]	Saha, N., Mollah, M., Alam, M., and Rahman, M. S. 2016. Seasonal investigation of heavy metals in marine fishes captured from the bay of Bengal and the implications for human health risk assessment. Food Control. 70, 110–118.
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APA Style

Solomon Sunday Durodola, Olawole Ayinuola, Odunayo Timothy Ore, Oladotun Wasiu Makinde. (2019). Assessment of Human Health Risk of Potential Toxic Metals in Herbal Concoction Teas Commonly Consumed in Nigeria. World Journal of Applied Chemistry, 4(3), 35-41. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20190403.12

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ACS Style

Solomon Sunday Durodola; Olawole Ayinuola; Odunayo Timothy Ore; Oladotun Wasiu Makinde. Assessment of Human Health Risk of Potential Toxic Metals in Herbal Concoction Teas Commonly Consumed in Nigeria. World J. Appl. Chem. 2019, 4(3), 35-41. doi: 10.11648/j.wjac.20190403.12

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AMA Style

Solomon Sunday Durodola, Olawole Ayinuola, Odunayo Timothy Ore, Oladotun Wasiu Makinde. Assessment of Human Health Risk of Potential Toxic Metals in Herbal Concoction Teas Commonly Consumed in Nigeria. World J Appl Chem. 2019;4(3):35-41. doi: 10.11648/j.wjac.20190403.12

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@article{10.11648/j.wjac.20190403.12,
  author = {Solomon Sunday Durodola and Olawole Ayinuola and Odunayo Timothy Ore and Oladotun Wasiu Makinde},
  title = {Assessment of Human Health Risk of Potential Toxic Metals in Herbal Concoction Teas Commonly Consumed in Nigeria},
  journal = {World Journal of Applied Chemistry},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {35-41},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wjac.20190403.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20190403.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjac.20190403.12},
  abstract = {Concentrations of potential toxic metals (Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, As, Fe and Mn) were determined in herbal concoction teas commonly consumed in Nigeria using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Results revealed that Fe had the highest concentration with a mean value of 13.136 ± 0.195 µg/g, while As had the least mean concentration (0.043 ± 0.006 µg/g). Pollution index (PI) result indicated that the teas were contaminated with Cu (PI value > 1) while it was clear of contamination by the other investigated metals. Cluster analysis showed close inter-element relationships between the investigated metals, indicating similar chemical properties and/or genetic origin. Correlation matrix showed that positive and significant correlations existed between between Zn/Cr, Ni/Cr, Co/Cr, Fe/Cu, Mn/Cu, Ni/Zn, Co/Zn, Co/Ni and Mn/Fe, indicating chemical affinity. Estimated daily intake, target hazard quotient and cancer risk showed that there was no health risk associated with the consumption of the herbal concoction teas. Relative risk indicated that the highest concern is from the levels of Co in the teas. The study concluded that consumption of the teas may not pose risk to human health at the current levels of the metals, but should be consumed moderately to prevent bioaccumulation of the metals.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessment of Human Health Risk of Potential Toxic Metals in Herbal Concoction Teas Commonly Consumed in Nigeria
AU  - Solomon Sunday Durodola
AU  - Olawole Ayinuola
AU  - Odunayo Timothy Ore
AU  - Oladotun Wasiu Makinde
Y1  - 2019/09/30
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20190403.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.wjac.20190403.12
T2  - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
JF  - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
JO  - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
SP  - 35
EP  - 41
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-5982
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20190403.12
AB  - Concentrations of potential toxic metals (Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, As, Fe and Mn) were determined in herbal concoction teas commonly consumed in Nigeria using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Results revealed that Fe had the highest concentration with a mean value of 13.136 ± 0.195 µg/g, while As had the least mean concentration (0.043 ± 0.006 µg/g). Pollution index (PI) result indicated that the teas were contaminated with Cu (PI value > 1) while it was clear of contamination by the other investigated metals. Cluster analysis showed close inter-element relationships between the investigated metals, indicating similar chemical properties and/or genetic origin. Correlation matrix showed that positive and significant correlations existed between between Zn/Cr, Ni/Cr, Co/Cr, Fe/Cu, Mn/Cu, Ni/Zn, Co/Zn, Co/Ni and Mn/Fe, indicating chemical affinity. Estimated daily intake, target hazard quotient and cancer risk showed that there was no health risk associated with the consumption of the herbal concoction teas. Relative risk indicated that the highest concern is from the levels of Co in the teas. The study concluded that consumption of the teas may not pose risk to human health at the current levels of the metals, but should be consumed moderately to prevent bioaccumulation of the metals.
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Solomon Sunday Durodola

Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Olawole Ayinuola

Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Odunayo Timothy Ore

Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Oladotun Wasiu Makinde

Centre for Energy and Research Development, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

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APA Style

Solomon Sunday Durodola, Olawole Ayinuola, Odunayo Timothy Ore, Oladotun Wasiu Makinde. (2019). Assessment of Human Health Risk of Potential Toxic Metals in Herbal Concoction Teas Commonly Consumed in Nigeria. World Journal of Applied Chemistry, 4(3), 35-41. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20190403.12

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ACS Style

Solomon Sunday Durodola; Olawole Ayinuola; Odunayo Timothy Ore; Oladotun Wasiu Makinde. Assessment of Human Health Risk of Potential Toxic Metals in Herbal Concoction Teas Commonly Consumed in Nigeria. World J. Appl. Chem. 2019, 4(3), 35-41. doi: 10.11648/j.wjac.20190403.12

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AMA Style

Solomon Sunday Durodola, Olawole Ayinuola, Odunayo Timothy Ore, Oladotun Wasiu Makinde. Assessment of Human Health Risk of Potential Toxic Metals in Herbal Concoction Teas Commonly Consumed in Nigeria. World J Appl Chem. 2019;4(3):35-41. doi: 10.11648/j.wjac.20190403.12

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@article{10.11648/j.wjac.20190403.12,
  author = {Solomon Sunday Durodola and Olawole Ayinuola and Odunayo Timothy Ore and Oladotun Wasiu Makinde},
  title = {Assessment of Human Health Risk of Potential Toxic Metals in Herbal Concoction Teas Commonly Consumed in Nigeria},
  journal = {World Journal of Applied Chemistry},
  volume = {4},
  number = {3},
  pages = {35-41},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wjac.20190403.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20190403.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wjac.20190403.12},
  abstract = {Concentrations of potential toxic metals (Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, As, Fe and Mn) were determined in herbal concoction teas commonly consumed in Nigeria using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Results revealed that Fe had the highest concentration with a mean value of 13.136 ± 0.195 µg/g, while As had the least mean concentration (0.043 ± 0.006 µg/g). Pollution index (PI) result indicated that the teas were contaminated with Cu (PI value > 1) while it was clear of contamination by the other investigated metals. Cluster analysis showed close inter-element relationships between the investigated metals, indicating similar chemical properties and/or genetic origin. Correlation matrix showed that positive and significant correlations existed between between Zn/Cr, Ni/Cr, Co/Cr, Fe/Cu, Mn/Cu, Ni/Zn, Co/Zn, Co/Ni and Mn/Fe, indicating chemical affinity. Estimated daily intake, target hazard quotient and cancer risk showed that there was no health risk associated with the consumption of the herbal concoction teas. Relative risk indicated that the highest concern is from the levels of Co in the teas. The study concluded that consumption of the teas may not pose risk to human health at the current levels of the metals, but should be consumed moderately to prevent bioaccumulation of the metals.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessment of Human Health Risk of Potential Toxic Metals in Herbal Concoction Teas Commonly Consumed in Nigeria
AU  - Solomon Sunday Durodola
AU  - Olawole Ayinuola
AU  - Odunayo Timothy Ore
AU  - Oladotun Wasiu Makinde
Y1  - 2019/09/30
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20190403.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.wjac.20190403.12
T2  - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
JF  - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
JO  - World Journal of Applied Chemistry
SP  - 35
EP  - 41
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-5982
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wjac.20190403.12
AB  - Concentrations of potential toxic metals (Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, As, Fe and Mn) were determined in herbal concoction teas commonly consumed in Nigeria using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Results revealed that Fe had the highest concentration with a mean value of 13.136 ± 0.195 µg/g, while As had the least mean concentration (0.043 ± 0.006 µg/g). Pollution index (PI) result indicated that the teas were contaminated with Cu (PI value > 1) while it was clear of contamination by the other investigated metals. Cluster analysis showed close inter-element relationships between the investigated metals, indicating similar chemical properties and/or genetic origin. Correlation matrix showed that positive and significant correlations existed between between Zn/Cr, Ni/Cr, Co/Cr, Fe/Cu, Mn/Cu, Ni/Zn, Co/Zn, Co/Ni and Mn/Fe, indicating chemical affinity. Estimated daily intake, target hazard quotient and cancer risk showed that there was no health risk associated with the consumption of the herbal concoction teas. Relative risk indicated that the highest concern is from the levels of Co in the teas. The study concluded that consumption of the teas may not pose risk to human health at the current levels of the metals, but should be consumed moderately to prevent bioaccumulation of the metals.
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
ER  -

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