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Measurement and Assessment of Occupational Exposure to Solar Ultraviolet Radiation in Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State, Central Nigeria

Received: 6 April 2021     Accepted: 3 May 2021     Published: 26 May 2021
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Abstract

This work measured and modeled Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation exposure of outdoor workers (Traders, Drivers/Commuters and Construction workers) within Makurdi Metropolis. Digital broad band meter was used to measure Irradiance across the three occupations under consideration. Polymer Polysolphone dosimeters were used to quantify the amount of solar UVR absorbed by workers of these occupations, UV/VIS-Spectrophotometer was used to measure both post and pre-absorbance while GPS was used to measure the coordinate of the Sampling sites. The Polymer Polysulphone dosimeters were fitted on vital solar radiation access areas on a plastic human shape and placed in the sun from 9:30am- 4:00pm (6 hours 30 minutes). The result shows that head top had the highest values of 8.73 kJ/m2, 6.67 kJ/m2 and 7.40 kJ/m2 for drivers/commuters, construction workers and traders respectively while the dosimeters worn under clothe cover had the least values of 2.06kJ/m2, 2.56kJ/m2, 3.07 kJ/m2 at the market square, car park and construction site respectively. Similarly, UV Irradiances at various intervals were measured and the cumulative exposures calculated to be 610.98kJ/m2, 1923.84kJ/m2 and 3526.92 kJ/m2 respectively. The work sets a reliable baseline data for solar UV radiation monitoring in Makurdi Benue State, Nigeria.

Published in Radiation Science and Technology (Volume 7, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.rst.20210702.13
Page(s) 32-40
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Solar Ultraviolet Radiation, Occupational Exposure, Irradiance, Absorbance, Cumulative Exposure

References
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[2] Alberto M., Leena K. and Fabriziomaria G. (2018). Solar Radiation Exposure and Outdoor Work: An Underestimated Occupational Risk, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018, 15, 2063.
[3] Glanz, K., Buller, D. B., Saraiya, M. (2007) Reducing Ultraviolet exposure among outdoor workers: state of the evidence and recommendations, Environmental Health, 6: 22.
[4] Igbawua T., Ikyo B., Agba E. (2013). Average Solar UV Radiation Dosimetry in Central Nigeria, International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis. 1: 323-327. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20130106.18.
[5] Park, S. S., Lee, Y. G., Kim, M., Kim, J., Koo, J., Kim, C. K., Um, J., Yoon, J. (2019) Simulation of Threshold in UV exposure Time for vitamin D synthesis in South Korea, Advances in Meteorology, pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4328151.
[6] Engelsen, O. (2010) The relationship between Ultraviolet radiation exposure and vitamin D status, nutrients 2 (5): 482-495, https://dx.doi.org/10.3390%2Fnu2050482.
[7] Grant, B. W. (2007) Roles of solar UV radiation and vitamin D in human health and how to obtain vitamin D, Expert Rev. Dermatol, 2: 563-577, doi: 10.1586/17469872.2.5.563.
[8] Diffey B. L. (1991). Solar ultraviolet radiation effects on biological systems. Phys Med Biol.; 36 (3): 2 99–328.
[9] Modenese A., Korpinen, L., Gobba, F. (2018) Solar radiation exposure and outdoor work: An underestimated occupational risk, International Journal of Research and Public Health, 15: 2063, doi: 10.3390/ijerph15102063.
[10] World Health Organization (WHO) (2016) Radiation: Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/radiation-ultraviolet-(uv) on 22nd April, 2021.
[11] US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (2020) Ultraviolet (UV) radiation, Retrieved from https://www.fda.gov/radiation-emitting-products/tanning/ultraviolet-uv-radiation on 21th April, 2021.
[12] Parisi, A. and Turnbull, D. J. (2006) Solar UV dosimetry. In: UV Radiation and its Effects: an Update 2006, 19-21 Apr 2006, Dunedin, New Zealand.
[13] Parisi A. V., Turnbull D. J., Schouten P., Downs N., Turner J. (2010) Techniques for Solar Dosimetry in Different Environments. In: Gao W., Slusser J. R., Schmoldt D. L. (eds) UV Radiation in Global Climate Change. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03313-1_7.
[14] International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) (2007). Protecting Workers from Ultraviolet Radiation (ISBN 978-3-934994-07-2) retrieved from https://www.who.int/uv/publications/Protecting_Workers_UV_pub.pdf on 22nd April, 2021.
[15] Sabburg J, Alfio V. Parisi, Wong J., (2001) Effect of Cloud on UVA and Exposure to Humans. Photochemistry and Photobiology 74 (3): 412-6.
[16] Thieden, E., Agren, M. S., Wulf, H. C. (2000) The wrist is a reliable body site for personal dosimetry of ultraviolet radiation, Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 16: 57–61.
[17] Herlihy E., Gies P. H., Roy C. R. and Jones M. (1994) Personal Dosimetry of Solar UV Radiation for Different Outdoor Activities. Photochemistry and Photobiology 60 (3): 288-294.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Terver Sombo, Terkimbi Jude Shivil, Tertsea Igbawua. (2021). Measurement and Assessment of Occupational Exposure to Solar Ultraviolet Radiation in Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State, Central Nigeria. Radiation Science and Technology, 7(2), 32-40. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.rst.20210702.13

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    ACS Style

    Terver Sombo; Terkimbi Jude Shivil; Tertsea Igbawua. Measurement and Assessment of Occupational Exposure to Solar Ultraviolet Radiation in Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State, Central Nigeria. Radiat. Sci. Technol. 2021, 7(2), 32-40. doi: 10.11648/j.rst.20210702.13

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    AMA Style

    Terver Sombo, Terkimbi Jude Shivil, Tertsea Igbawua. Measurement and Assessment of Occupational Exposure to Solar Ultraviolet Radiation in Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State, Central Nigeria. Radiat Sci Technol. 2021;7(2):32-40. doi: 10.11648/j.rst.20210702.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.rst.20210702.13,
      author = {Terver Sombo and Terkimbi Jude Shivil and Tertsea Igbawua},
      title = {Measurement and Assessment of Occupational Exposure to Solar Ultraviolet Radiation in Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State, Central Nigeria},
      journal = {Radiation Science and Technology},
      volume = {7},
      number = {2},
      pages = {32-40},
      doi = {10.11648/j.rst.20210702.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.rst.20210702.13},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.rst.20210702.13},
      abstract = {This work measured and modeled Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation exposure of outdoor workers (Traders, Drivers/Commuters and Construction workers) within Makurdi Metropolis. Digital broad band meter was used to measure Irradiance across the three occupations under consideration. Polymer Polysolphone dosimeters were used to quantify the amount of solar UVR absorbed by workers of these occupations, UV/VIS-Spectrophotometer was used to measure both post and pre-absorbance while GPS was used to measure the coordinate of the Sampling sites. The Polymer Polysulphone dosimeters were fitted on vital solar radiation access areas on a plastic human shape and placed in the sun from 9:30am- 4:00pm (6 hours 30 minutes). The result shows that head top had the highest values of 8.73 kJ/m2, 6.67 kJ/m2 and 7.40 kJ/m2 for drivers/commuters, construction workers and traders respectively while the dosimeters worn under clothe cover had the least values of 2.06kJ/m2, 2.56kJ/m2, 3.07 kJ/m2 at the market square, car park and construction site respectively. Similarly, UV Irradiances at various intervals were measured and the cumulative exposures calculated to be 610.98kJ/m2, 1923.84kJ/m2 and 3526.92 kJ/m2 respectively. The work sets a reliable baseline data for solar UV radiation monitoring in Makurdi Benue State, Nigeria.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Measurement and Assessment of Occupational Exposure to Solar Ultraviolet Radiation in Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State, Central Nigeria
    AU  - Terver Sombo
    AU  - Terkimbi Jude Shivil
    AU  - Tertsea Igbawua
    Y1  - 2021/05/26
    PY  - 2021
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.rst.20210702.13
    DO  - 10.11648/j.rst.20210702.13
    T2  - Radiation Science and Technology
    JF  - Radiation Science and Technology
    JO  - Radiation Science and Technology
    SP  - 32
    EP  - 40
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-5943
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.rst.20210702.13
    AB  - This work measured and modeled Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation exposure of outdoor workers (Traders, Drivers/Commuters and Construction workers) within Makurdi Metropolis. Digital broad band meter was used to measure Irradiance across the three occupations under consideration. Polymer Polysolphone dosimeters were used to quantify the amount of solar UVR absorbed by workers of these occupations, UV/VIS-Spectrophotometer was used to measure both post and pre-absorbance while GPS was used to measure the coordinate of the Sampling sites. The Polymer Polysulphone dosimeters were fitted on vital solar radiation access areas on a plastic human shape and placed in the sun from 9:30am- 4:00pm (6 hours 30 minutes). The result shows that head top had the highest values of 8.73 kJ/m2, 6.67 kJ/m2 and 7.40 kJ/m2 for drivers/commuters, construction workers and traders respectively while the dosimeters worn under clothe cover had the least values of 2.06kJ/m2, 2.56kJ/m2, 3.07 kJ/m2 at the market square, car park and construction site respectively. Similarly, UV Irradiances at various intervals were measured and the cumulative exposures calculated to be 610.98kJ/m2, 1923.84kJ/m2 and 3526.92 kJ/m2 respectively. The work sets a reliable baseline data for solar UV radiation monitoring in Makurdi Benue State, Nigeria.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Physics, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria

  • Department of Physics, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria

  • Department of Physics, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Nigeria

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