Potentials for Cassava Processing in the Littoral Region of Cameroon

Fon Dorothy Engwali; Djoudji Serge Temkeng

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijae.20170204.14

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Potentials for Cassava Processing in the Littoral Region of Cameroon

Fon Dorothy Engwali, Djoudji Serge Temkeng

Published in International Journal of Agricultural Economics (Volume 2, Issue 4)

Received: 12 May 2017 Accepted: 19 May 2017 Published: 10 July 2017

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Abstract

Smallholder agriculture is characterized by underemployment during off seasons, low-income earnings and severe post-harvest losses. This study aimed at examining the effects of cassava processing on rural households in the Littoral region of Cameroon; identifying the different processing techniques, the different products derived from transformation, analysing the profitability of the products derived identifying key factors that hinder the downstream development of the cassava sector; and. Data were collected using questionnaires administered to a sample of 140 respondents who were selected through the multistage random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and budgetary analyses were used to analyse the data. The results from the analysis revealed that, women represent 82.86% of the number of processors and their average age is 44 years. The average household size is 7, while the education level is low; 48.57% had received only primary education and 38.57% were secondary school dropout. Their initial capital came from their personal savings. The following methods of cassava processing amongst others were found in the study area: grating, drying, draining, fermentation, grilling, sieving, extraction, and soaking. Results from the budgetary analysis revealed that, each of the different by- products ′waterfufu′, ′starch′, ′miondo′, ′bobolo′, ′fufu dry′ and ′garri′ generate profit. For ′Bobolo′ the value added is 98 FCFA, ′Miondo′ 95FCFA, starch 90Fcfa, ′waterfufu′ 70Fcfa, ′garri′ 65FCFA and 60 CFA francs for dry ′fufu′. The most profitable product was found to be ′bobolo′, followed by ′miondo′. Based on the various cost/benefit ratios, it is evident that all these products are profitable because the ratios are greater than unity. It was revealed that the cassava sector does not go without difficulties; inadequate equipment, and inadequate training of processors were the main difficulties encountered. The cassava should be industrialized by installing many machines in rural areas and to invest more in training the processors.

Published in	International Journal of Agricultural Economics (Volume 2, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijae.20170204.14
Page(s)	122-128
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Cassava, Processing Units, Cassava Product, Value-Chain, Value-Added

References

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[3]	World Food Programme. “Situation de la sécurité alimentaire et des marchés au Cameroun”. Wfp. 2011. Available from website www.wfp.org/foodsecurity, consulted on 05/07/2015.
[4]	World Bank. The World Bank Annual Report: Year in Review. Washington, DC. © World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/2378 License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0. 2011.
[5]	G. Essono, M. Ayodele, A. Akoa, J. Foko, J. Gockowski, and S. Olembo, “Cassava production and processing characteristics in southern Cameroon: An analysis of factors causing variations in practices between farmers using principal component analysis (PCA)”. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 2008; 3(1): 49-59.
[6]	Ministère de l’Agriculture et du Développement Rural (MINADER), “Dans Amélioration de la commercialisation et de transformation du manioc au Cameroun: contraintes et perspectives de la chaîne de valeur” 2006.
[7]	T. Emmanuel,“Amélioration de la commercialisation et de transformation du manioc au Cameroun: contraintes et perspectives de la chaîne de valeur, Dans: Reconstruire le potentiel alimentaire de l’Afrique de l’Ouest”, A. Elbehri (ed.), FAO/FIDA, 2013.
[8]	Scott, J. Gregory, Rosegrant, W. Mark, Ringler and Claudia, “Roots and tubers for the 21st century: Trends, projections and policy options. Food, Agriculture and Environment”. Discussion Paper 31, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Washington D. C. 2000.
[9]	G. Amani, C. Nindjin, B. N’zue, A. Tschannen and D. Aka, Potentialité à la transformation du manioc (manihot esculenta crantz) en Afrique de l’ouest. Actes de l'Atelier "Potentialités à la transformation du manioc en Afrique de l'Ouest" - Abidjan, 4-7 Juin 2007, 358 pages.
[10]	R. D. Cook and J. H. Cock, “Cassava crops up again”. In: New Scientist, 1989; vol. 1669: pp. 63-68.
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[12]	Collaborative Study of Cassava in Africa (COSCA). Working Paper 1996:. P13.
[13]	I. NwekeFelix, “Cassava: A Cash Crop in Africa. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture”. (COSCA)Ibadan, Nigeria, Working. 1996: P. 4.
[14]	Direction Régionale/ Ministère de la Planification de la Programmation et de l’Aménagement du Territoire /Littoral. Rapport sur le Développement Économique du Cameroun: Région du Littoral, 2013.
[15]	M. A. Ukpongson, J. Chikaire, F. C. Anaeto, R. N. Nwakwasi, O. O. Aja and C. L. Ike,“Effects of Cassava Processing and Value Added Products on Sustainable Poverty Alleviation in Ikwuano Area of Abia State Nigeria”. New York Science Journal.2011; 4 (10): 73 – 77] http://wwwsciencepub.net/newyork.
[16]	F. I. Nweke, B. O. Ugwu, A. G. O. Dixon, C. L. A. Asadu and O. Ajobo, “Cassava Production in Ghana”. COSCA working paper No. 21, IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria 1997.
[17]	O. Oluwasola, “Stimulating rural employment and income for cassava (Manihot sp.) processing farming households in Oyo State, Nigeria through policy initiatives”. Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics.2010; Vol. 2(2): pp. 18-25.
[18]	O. Oluwasola and T. Alimi, “Financial intermediation in agriculture in Nigeria: Emerging role of Non-Governmental Organisations”Agrosearch. 2007; 9(1&2): 43-51.
[19]	F. N. Nnadi, and C. O. Akwiwu, “Rural Women’s Response to Selected crop Production Techniques in Imo State, Nigeria. Global Approaches to Extension Practice. 2005: 1 (1) 47-55.
[20]	T. Phillips, D. S. Taylor, L. Sanni, and M. Akoroda,“A cassava Industrial Revolution in Nigeria. The potential for a new industrial crop”. 43 p. IFAD/FAO. Rome, 2004.
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APA Style

Fon Dorothy Engwali, Djoudji Serge Temkeng. (2017). Potentials for Cassava Processing in the Littoral Region of Cameroon. International Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2(4), 122-128. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijae.20170204.14

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ACS Style

Fon Dorothy Engwali; Djoudji Serge Temkeng. Potentials for Cassava Processing in the Littoral Region of Cameroon. Int. J. Agric. Econ. 2017, 2(4), 122-128. doi: 10.11648/j.ijae.20170204.14

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AMA Style

Fon Dorothy Engwali, Djoudji Serge Temkeng. Potentials for Cassava Processing in the Littoral Region of Cameroon. Int J Agric Econ. 2017;2(4):122-128. doi: 10.11648/j.ijae.20170204.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ijae.20170204.14,
  author = {Fon Dorothy Engwali and Djoudji Serge Temkeng},
  title = {Potentials for Cassava Processing in the Littoral Region of Cameroon},
  journal = {International Journal of Agricultural Economics},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {122-128},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijae.20170204.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijae.20170204.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijae.20170204.14},
  abstract = {Smallholder agriculture is characterized by underemployment during off seasons, low-income earnings and severe post-harvest losses. This study aimed at examining the effects of cassava processing on rural households in the Littoral region of Cameroon; identifying the different processing techniques, the different products derived from transformation, analysing the profitability of the products derived identifying key factors that hinder the downstream development of the cassava sector; and. Data were collected using questionnaires administered to a sample of 140 respondents who were selected through the multistage random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and budgetary analyses were used to analyse the data. The results from the analysis revealed that, women represent 82.86% of the number of processors and their average age is 44 years. The average household size is 7, while the education level is low; 48.57% had received only primary education and 38.57% were secondary school dropout. Their initial capital came from their personal savings. The following methods of cassava processing amongst others were found in the study area: grating, drying, draining, fermentation, grilling, sieving, extraction, and soaking. Results from the budgetary analysis revealed that, each of the different by- products ′waterfufu′, ′starch′, ′miondo′, ′bobolo′, ′fufu dry′ and ′garri′ generate profit. For ′Bobolo′ the value added is 98 FCFA, ′Miondo′ 95FCFA, starch 90Fcfa, ′waterfufu′ 70Fcfa, ′garri′ 65FCFA and 60 CFA francs for dry ′fufu′. The most profitable product was found to be ′bobolo′, followed by ′miondo′. Based on the various cost/benefit ratios, it is evident that all these products are profitable because the ratios are greater than unity. It was revealed that the cassava sector does not go without difficulties; inadequate equipment, and inadequate training of processors were the main difficulties encountered. The cassava should be industrialized by installing many machines in rural areas and to invest more in training the processors.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Potentials for Cassava Processing in the Littoral Region of Cameroon
AU - Fon Dorothy Engwali
AU - Djoudji Serge Temkeng
Y1 - 2017/07/10
PY - 2017
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijae.20170204.14
DO - 10.11648/j.ijae.20170204.14
T2 - International Journal of Agricultural Economics
JF - International Journal of Agricultural Economics
JO - International Journal of Agricultural Economics
SP - 122
EP - 128
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2575-3843
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijae.20170204.14
AB - Smallholder agriculture is characterized by underemployment during off seasons, low-income earnings and severe post-harvest losses. This study aimed at examining the effects of cassava processing on rural households in the Littoral region of Cameroon; identifying the different processing techniques, the different products derived from transformation, analysing the profitability of the products derived identifying key factors that hinder the downstream development of the cassava sector; and. Data were collected using questionnaires administered to a sample of 140 respondents who were selected through the multistage random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and budgetary analyses were used to analyse the data. The results from the analysis revealed that, women represent 82.86% of the number of processors and their average age is 44 years. The average household size is 7, while the education level is low; 48.57% had received only primary education and 38.57% were secondary school dropout. Their initial capital came from their personal savings. The following methods of cassava processing amongst others were found in the study area: grating, drying, draining, fermentation, grilling, sieving, extraction, and soaking. Results from the budgetary analysis revealed that, each of the different by- products ′waterfufu′, ′starch′, ′miondo′, ′bobolo′, ′fufu dry′ and ′garri′ generate profit. For ′Bobolo′ the value added is 98 FCFA, ′Miondo′ 95FCFA, starch 90Fcfa, ′waterfufu′ 70Fcfa, ′garri′ 65FCFA and 60 CFA francs for dry ′fufu′. The most profitable product was found to be ′bobolo′, followed by ′miondo′. Based on the various cost/benefit ratios, it is evident that all these products are profitable because the ratios are greater than unity. It was revealed that the cassava sector does not go without difficulties; inadequate equipment, and inadequate training of processors were the main difficulties encountered. The cassava should be industrialized by installing many machines in rural areas and to invest more in training the processors.
VL - 2
IS - 4
ER -

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Author Information

Fon Dorothy Engwali

Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
Djoudji Serge Temkeng

Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon

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APA Style

Fon Dorothy Engwali, Djoudji Serge Temkeng. (2017). Potentials for Cassava Processing in the Littoral Region of Cameroon. International Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2(4), 122-128. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijae.20170204.14

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ACS Style

Fon Dorothy Engwali; Djoudji Serge Temkeng. Potentials for Cassava Processing in the Littoral Region of Cameroon. Int. J. Agric. Econ. 2017, 2(4), 122-128. doi: 10.11648/j.ijae.20170204.14

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AMA Style

Fon Dorothy Engwali, Djoudji Serge Temkeng. Potentials for Cassava Processing in the Littoral Region of Cameroon. Int J Agric Econ. 2017;2(4):122-128. doi: 10.11648/j.ijae.20170204.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ijae.20170204.14,
  author = {Fon Dorothy Engwali and Djoudji Serge Temkeng},
  title = {Potentials for Cassava Processing in the Littoral Region of Cameroon},
  journal = {International Journal of Agricultural Economics},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {122-128},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijae.20170204.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijae.20170204.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijae.20170204.14},
  abstract = {Smallholder agriculture is characterized by underemployment during off seasons, low-income earnings and severe post-harvest losses. This study aimed at examining the effects of cassava processing on rural households in the Littoral region of Cameroon; identifying the different processing techniques, the different products derived from transformation, analysing the profitability of the products derived identifying key factors that hinder the downstream development of the cassava sector; and. Data were collected using questionnaires administered to a sample of 140 respondents who were selected through the multistage random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and budgetary analyses were used to analyse the data. The results from the analysis revealed that, women represent 82.86% of the number of processors and their average age is 44 years. The average household size is 7, while the education level is low; 48.57% had received only primary education and 38.57% were secondary school dropout. Their initial capital came from their personal savings. The following methods of cassava processing amongst others were found in the study area: grating, drying, draining, fermentation, grilling, sieving, extraction, and soaking. Results from the budgetary analysis revealed that, each of the different by- products ′waterfufu′, ′starch′, ′miondo′, ′bobolo′, ′fufu dry′ and ′garri′ generate profit. For ′Bobolo′ the value added is 98 FCFA, ′Miondo′ 95FCFA, starch 90Fcfa, ′waterfufu′ 70Fcfa, ′garri′ 65FCFA and 60 CFA francs for dry ′fufu′. The most profitable product was found to be ′bobolo′, followed by ′miondo′. Based on the various cost/benefit ratios, it is evident that all these products are profitable because the ratios are greater than unity. It was revealed that the cassava sector does not go without difficulties; inadequate equipment, and inadequate training of processors were the main difficulties encountered. The cassava should be industrialized by installing many machines in rural areas and to invest more in training the processors.},
 year = {2017}
}

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