Study on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Joining 3CR12 Stainless Steel and S355 Carbon Steel by GMAW Using 308L Filler Wire

Nontuthuzelo Lindokuhle Vithi; Mpho Given Maruma; Audrey Maleka; Dhurusha Chetty

doi:doi:10.11648/j.cm.20220601.11

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Study on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Joining 3CR12 Stainless Steel and S355 Carbon Steel by GMAW Using 308L Filler Wire

Nontuthuzelo Lindokuhle Vithi, Mpho Given Maruma, Audrey Maleka, Dhurusha Chetty

Published in Composite Materials (Volume 6, Issue 1)

Received: 2 December 2021 Accepted: 8 January 2022 Published: 28 January 2022

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Abstract

Stainless steel (SS) is an iron-chromium alloy containing at least 10.5% chromium (Cr) with other additives dependent on the grade requested and intended use of the steel. The Cr present creates a barrier between the metal’s iron content and environmental oxygen making it resist corrosion. On the other hand, carbon steel is an iron-carbon alloy with very low corrosion resistance. This steel is high in strength and is often welded with stainless steel in areas that are prone to corrosion attack. The aim of this work was to study the butt and fillet weld properties of 3CR12 stainless steel and S355 carbon steel, and this was done by welding the two materials with a 308L filler wire using gas metal arc welding (GMAW). To ensure satisfactory performance of the welds, microstructural analysis and hardness testing were conducted for both the fillet and the butt samples and in addition, tensile testing was conducted for butt welded samples. The microstructures of both weld zones were found to contain austenite with less than 10% of ferrite. Martensite and Ferrite grains were found in the heat affected zones (HAZ) of the S355 whilst the HAZ of the 3CR12 was predominantly ferrite grains with martensitic islands. The butt weldments revealed higher hardness values than the fillet welds due to the high cooling rates and the S355 HAZ had higher hardness than 3CR12 HAZ. The tensile properties of the butt welds were higher than that of the individual materials.

Published in	Composite Materials (Volume 6, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.cm.20220601.11
Page(s)	1-6
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Dissimilar Welding, S355 Carbon Steel, 3CR12 Stainless Steel, 308L Filler Wire

References

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[3]	Center for Automotive Research. 2011. Automotive technology: Greener Products, Changing skills. 1-26.
[4]	Dudeja, J. P., 2012. Analysis and Advantages of Welding Dissimilar Metals by Fiber Laser. International Journal of Advanced Scientific Technologies in Engineering and Management Sciences, Vol 4, No. 8.
[5]	Devaraj, J., Ziout, A. and Abu Qudeiri, J. E., 2021. Dissimilar Non-Ferrous Metal Welding: An Insight on Experimental and Numerical Analysis. Metals, 11 (9), p. 1486.
[6]	Baskutis, S., Baskutiene, J., Bendikiene, R., Ciuplys, A. and Dutkus, K., 2021. Comparative Research of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Stainless and Structural Steel Dissimilar Welds. Materials, 14 (20), p. 6180.
[7]	Molabe, R. M. C., 2018. Determining the Optimum Welding Material of 3CR12 Stainless Steel. PQDT-Global.
[8]	Zavdoveev, A., Poznyakov, V., Baudin, T., Rogante, M., Kim, H. S., Heaton, M., Demchenko, Y., Zhukov, V. and Skoryk, M., 2021. Effect of heat treatment on the mechanical properties and microstructure of HSLA steels processed by various technologies. Materials Today Communications, 28, p. 102598.
[9]	Odebiyi, O. S., Adedayo, S. M., Tunji, L. A. and Onuorah, M. O., 2019. A review of weldability of carbon steel in arc-based welding processes. Cogent Engineering, 6 (1), p. 1609180.
[10]	Grobler, C. (1987). Weldability studies on 12% and 14% chromium steels. Pretoria.
[11]	Li, Y., Bushby, A. J., & Dunstan, D. J. (2016). The Hall–Petch effect as a manifestation of the general size effect. Proceedings of the Royal Society. London: Royal Society.
[12]	Luijan J., Surin P., & Eidhed K. 2020. The effect of welding parameters on Joining Dissimilar Low Carbon Steel and 3CR12 Ferritic Stainles Steel by GTAW with ER308L filler Metal. Journal of Physics: Conference series.
[13]	Filho, P. P. R., Cavalcante, T. S.; Albuquerque, V. H. C.; Tavares, J. M. and Cortez, P. S. 2006. Measurement of welding dilution from image using active contours. Greece.
[14]	Kou, S. (2003). Welding metallurgy. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. http://ftp.demec.ufpr.br/disciplinas/TM315/Conte%FAdos%20/Sindo_Kou_Welding_Metallurgy.pdf
[15]	Du Toit M., van Rooyen G. T., Smith D. 2007. An overview ofthe heat-affected zone sensitization and stress corrosion cracking behaviour of 12% chromium type 1.4003 ferritic stainless steel. Welding in the World, vol. 51, pp. 41-50.

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APA Style

Nontuthuzelo Lindokuhle Vithi, Mpho Given Maruma, Audrey Maleka, Dhurusha Chetty. (2022). Study on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Joining 3CR12 Stainless Steel and S355 Carbon Steel by GMAW Using 308L Filler Wire. Composite Materials, 6(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cm.20220601.11

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ACS Style

Nontuthuzelo Lindokuhle Vithi; Mpho Given Maruma; Audrey Maleka; Dhurusha Chetty. Study on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Joining 3CR12 Stainless Steel and S355 Carbon Steel by GMAW Using 308L Filler Wire. Compos. Mater. 2022, 6(1), 1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.cm.20220601.11

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AMA Style

Nontuthuzelo Lindokuhle Vithi, Mpho Given Maruma, Audrey Maleka, Dhurusha Chetty. Study on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Joining 3CR12 Stainless Steel and S355 Carbon Steel by GMAW Using 308L Filler Wire. Compos Mater. 2022;6(1):1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.cm.20220601.11

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@article{10.11648/j.cm.20220601.11,
  author = {Nontuthuzelo Lindokuhle Vithi and Mpho Given Maruma and Audrey Maleka and Dhurusha Chetty},
  title = {Study on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Joining 3CR12 Stainless Steel and S355 Carbon Steel by GMAW Using 308L Filler Wire},
  journal = {Composite Materials},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-6},
  doi = {10.11648/j.cm.20220601.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cm.20220601.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cm.20220601.11},
  abstract = {Stainless steel (SS) is an iron-chromium alloy containing at least 10.5% chromium (Cr) with other additives dependent on the grade requested and intended use of the steel. The Cr present creates a barrier between the metal’s iron content and environmental oxygen making it resist corrosion. On the other hand, carbon steel is an iron-carbon alloy with very low corrosion resistance. This steel is high in strength and is often welded with stainless steel in areas that are prone to corrosion attack. The aim of this work was to study the butt and fillet weld properties of 3CR12 stainless steel and S355 carbon steel, and this was done by welding the two materials with a 308L filler wire using gas metal arc welding (GMAW). To ensure satisfactory performance of the welds, microstructural analysis and hardness testing were conducted for both the fillet and the butt samples and in addition, tensile testing was conducted for butt welded samples. The microstructures of both weld zones were found to contain austenite with less than 10% of ferrite. Martensite and Ferrite grains were found in the heat affected zones (HAZ) of the S355 whilst the HAZ of the 3CR12 was predominantly ferrite grains with martensitic islands. The butt weldments revealed higher hardness values than the fillet welds due to the high cooling rates and the S355 HAZ had higher hardness than 3CR12 HAZ. The tensile properties of the butt welds were higher than that of the individual materials.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Study on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Joining 3CR12 Stainless Steel and S355 Carbon Steel by GMAW Using 308L Filler Wire
AU  - Nontuthuzelo Lindokuhle Vithi
AU  - Mpho Given Maruma
AU  - Audrey Maleka
AU  - Dhurusha Chetty
Y1  - 2022/01/28
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cm.20220601.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.cm.20220601.11
T2  - Composite Materials
JF  - Composite Materials
JO  - Composite Materials
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2994-7103
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cm.20220601.11
AB  - Stainless steel (SS) is an iron-chromium alloy containing at least 10.5% chromium (Cr) with other additives dependent on the grade requested and intended use of the steel. The Cr present creates a barrier between the metal’s iron content and environmental oxygen making it resist corrosion. On the other hand, carbon steel is an iron-carbon alloy with very low corrosion resistance. This steel is high in strength and is often welded with stainless steel in areas that are prone to corrosion attack. The aim of this work was to study the butt and fillet weld properties of 3CR12 stainless steel and S355 carbon steel, and this was done by welding the two materials with a 308L filler wire using gas metal arc welding (GMAW). To ensure satisfactory performance of the welds, microstructural analysis and hardness testing were conducted for both the fillet and the butt samples and in addition, tensile testing was conducted for butt welded samples. The microstructures of both weld zones were found to contain austenite with less than 10% of ferrite. Martensite and Ferrite grains were found in the heat affected zones (HAZ) of the S355 whilst the HAZ of the 3CR12 was predominantly ferrite grains with martensitic islands. The butt weldments revealed higher hardness values than the fillet welds due to the high cooling rates and the S355 HAZ had higher hardness than 3CR12 HAZ. The tensile properties of the butt welds were higher than that of the individual materials.
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Nontuthuzelo Lindokuhle Vithi

Research and Development Department, Transnet Engineering, Pretoria, South Africa
Mpho Given Maruma

Research and Development Department, Transnet Engineering, Pretoria, South Africa
Audrey Maleka

Research and Development Department, Transnet Engineering, Pretoria, South Africa
Dhurusha Chetty

Research and Development Department, Transnet Engineering, Pretoria, South Africa

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APA Style

Nontuthuzelo Lindokuhle Vithi, Mpho Given Maruma, Audrey Maleka, Dhurusha Chetty. (2022). Study on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Joining 3CR12 Stainless Steel and S355 Carbon Steel by GMAW Using 308L Filler Wire. Composite Materials, 6(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cm.20220601.11

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ACS Style

Nontuthuzelo Lindokuhle Vithi; Mpho Given Maruma; Audrey Maleka; Dhurusha Chetty. Study on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Joining 3CR12 Stainless Steel and S355 Carbon Steel by GMAW Using 308L Filler Wire. Compos. Mater. 2022, 6(1), 1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.cm.20220601.11

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AMA Style

Nontuthuzelo Lindokuhle Vithi, Mpho Given Maruma, Audrey Maleka, Dhurusha Chetty. Study on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Joining 3CR12 Stainless Steel and S355 Carbon Steel by GMAW Using 308L Filler Wire. Compos Mater. 2022;6(1):1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.cm.20220601.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.cm.20220601.11,
  author = {Nontuthuzelo Lindokuhle Vithi and Mpho Given Maruma and Audrey Maleka and Dhurusha Chetty},
  title = {Study on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Joining 3CR12 Stainless Steel and S355 Carbon Steel by GMAW Using 308L Filler Wire},
  journal = {Composite Materials},
  volume = {6},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-6},
  doi = {10.11648/j.cm.20220601.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cm.20220601.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cm.20220601.11},
  abstract = {Stainless steel (SS) is an iron-chromium alloy containing at least 10.5% chromium (Cr) with other additives dependent on the grade requested and intended use of the steel. The Cr present creates a barrier between the metal’s iron content and environmental oxygen making it resist corrosion. On the other hand, carbon steel is an iron-carbon alloy with very low corrosion resistance. This steel is high in strength and is often welded with stainless steel in areas that are prone to corrosion attack. The aim of this work was to study the butt and fillet weld properties of 3CR12 stainless steel and S355 carbon steel, and this was done by welding the two materials with a 308L filler wire using gas metal arc welding (GMAW). To ensure satisfactory performance of the welds, microstructural analysis and hardness testing were conducted for both the fillet and the butt samples and in addition, tensile testing was conducted for butt welded samples. The microstructures of both weld zones were found to contain austenite with less than 10% of ferrite. Martensite and Ferrite grains were found in the heat affected zones (HAZ) of the S355 whilst the HAZ of the 3CR12 was predominantly ferrite grains with martensitic islands. The butt weldments revealed higher hardness values than the fillet welds due to the high cooling rates and the S355 HAZ had higher hardness than 3CR12 HAZ. The tensile properties of the butt welds were higher than that of the individual materials.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Study on Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Joining 3CR12 Stainless Steel and S355 Carbon Steel by GMAW Using 308L Filler Wire
AU  - Nontuthuzelo Lindokuhle Vithi
AU  - Mpho Given Maruma
AU  - Audrey Maleka
AU  - Dhurusha Chetty
Y1  - 2022/01/28
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cm.20220601.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.cm.20220601.11
T2  - Composite Materials
JF  - Composite Materials
JO  - Composite Materials
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2994-7103
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cm.20220601.11
AB  - Stainless steel (SS) is an iron-chromium alloy containing at least 10.5% chromium (Cr) with other additives dependent on the grade requested and intended use of the steel. The Cr present creates a barrier between the metal’s iron content and environmental oxygen making it resist corrosion. On the other hand, carbon steel is an iron-carbon alloy with very low corrosion resistance. This steel is high in strength and is often welded with stainless steel in areas that are prone to corrosion attack. The aim of this work was to study the butt and fillet weld properties of 3CR12 stainless steel and S355 carbon steel, and this was done by welding the two materials with a 308L filler wire using gas metal arc welding (GMAW). To ensure satisfactory performance of the welds, microstructural analysis and hardness testing were conducted for both the fillet and the butt samples and in addition, tensile testing was conducted for butt welded samples. The microstructures of both weld zones were found to contain austenite with less than 10% of ferrite. Martensite and Ferrite grains were found in the heat affected zones (HAZ) of the S355 whilst the HAZ of the 3CR12 was predominantly ferrite grains with martensitic islands. The butt weldments revealed higher hardness values than the fillet welds due to the high cooling rates and the S355 HAZ had higher hardness than 3CR12 HAZ. The tensile properties of the butt welds were higher than that of the individual materials.
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
ER  -

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