Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil Using Various Admixtures: A Review

Umar Yerima Mai-Bade; Adamu Umar Chinade; Ahmad Batari; Saeed Modibbo Saeed

doi:doi:10.11648/j.cm.20210502.12

| Peer-Reviewed

Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil Using Various Admixtures: A Review

Umar Yerima Mai-Bade, Adamu Umar Chinade, Ahmad Batari, Saeed Modibbo Saeed

Published in Composite Materials (Volume 5, Issue 2)

Received: 15 August 2021 Accepted: 22 September 2021 Published: 24 November 2021

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

This paper reviews the effect of various admixtures in view of increasing strength and reducing deformation characteristics of black cotton soil from studies carried out by different researchers. Stabilization of black cotton soil is targeted at providing stable and durable engineering structures. It becomes necessary when materials intended for foundation and pavement construction failed to meet the requirement in civil engineering practice. Black cotton soil from north-eastern part of Nigeria and different locations around the world are mostly classified as A-7-6 soils by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO); CH high plasticity clay soils by Unified Soil Classification System (UCSC) and high swell potential BCS by Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute (NBRRI). Experiment conducted include; Atterberg’s Limits, Specific Gravity, Sieve/hydrometer Analysis, Free Swell, Compaction, Triaxial, Shear Box, Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS), and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests. Soil characteristics such as the maximum dry density (MDD), optimum moisture content (OMC), CBR values, shear strength, cohesion, and angle of internal friction were improved significantly by admixtures such as lime, cement, E-waste, reclaimed asphalt pavement, and steel mill ore, while admixtures such as groundnut ash, bagasse ash and plantain peel powder demonstrated unsatisfactory improvement when used as standalone. Thus, it can be concluded that black cotton soil when stabilized with admixtures such as lime, cement, reclaimed asphalt pavement, E-waste, and still mill ore can be used in foundation and pavement construction. This study finally recommends the supplementary use of weak admixtures with some rather cementitious material to achieve a strong and durable foundation.

Published in	Composite Materials (Volume 5, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.cm.20210502.12
Page(s)	37-45
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Stabilization, Black Cotton Soil, Admixtures

References

[1]	A. I. Dogo, M. M. (2018). CEMENT STABILIZATION OF BLACK COTTON SOIL USING RICE HUSKASH AND PROMOTER. 1st International Civil Engineering Conference (ICEC 2018).
[2]	A. O. OGUNDALU, G. O. (2013). Effects of Steel Mill Scale on the strength characteristics of Expansive Clay Soils (Black Cotton Clay soil). Civil and Environmental Research, 3 (12).
[3]	Ahmad Muhammad, A. Y. (2020). Geotechnical Study of the Properties of Black Cotton Soil Treated with Cement and Bone Ash as Admixture. Journal of Construction and Building Materials Engineering, 5 (2).
[4]	Amit Spehia, K. K. (2018, January). STUDY OF BAGASSE ASH STABILISED WITH BLACK COTTON SOIL. International Journal of Latest Research in Science and Technology, 7 (1), 12-14.
[5]	Amruta A. Badge, L. N. (2013). Quality Assessment for Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil by Using Lime.
[6]	Anigilaje B. Salahudeen, A. O. (2019). Microanalysis and Compactive Efforts Study of Black Cotton Soil Treated With Cement Kiln Dust. FUOYE Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2579-0617.
[7]	Annafi Qaudri Babatunde, E. A. (2020). Effect of Elapsed Time after Mixing on the Strength Properties of Lime–Iron Ore Tailings Treated Black Cotton Soil as a Road Construction Material. Infrustructure, 5 (89).
[8]	B. D OLUYEMI-AYIBIOWU, O. S. (2016). ASSESSMENT OF POLYVINYL ACETATE AS STABILIZING AGENTS FOR SOME NIGERIAN PROBLEM SOILS. European International Journal of Science and Technology, 153-170.
[9]	B. D Oluyemi-Ayibiowu, S. A. (2015). B. D Oluyemi-Ayibiowu and S. A. Ola.
[10]	C. John Suresh Kumar, D. H. (2018). A Review On Stabilization Of Black Cotton Soil By Using Fly Ash, Marble Sludge And Brickdust Waste. International Journal of Engineering Development and Research, 6 (3), 695-700.
[11]	G. L. Oyekan, E. A. (2015). Effect of ground polyvinyl waste on the strength characteristics of black cotton clay soil. Journal of engineering and manufacturing technology, 1-10.
[12]	Gabriel Okonkwo Nnaji, C. K. (2020, February). Black Cotton Soil Properties Modification using Costaceae Lacerus Bagasse Fibre as Road Pavement Stabilizer. Saudi Journal of Civil Engineering, 4 (2), 21-29.
[13]	Gourav Saxena, N. C. (2015). Strengthening Black Cotton Soil with Fly Ash and Moorum: An Investigation of the Role of Subgrade and Subbase Layers. Coal Cumsuption and gasification product, 30-32.
[14]	H S Jayatheertha, V. K. (2019). Stabilization of black cotton soil using different stabilizers.
[15]	Hashim Mohammed Alhassan, L. F. (2013). Effect of ‘Ionic Soil Stabilizer 2500’on the Properties of Black Cotton Soil. British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 3 (3), 406-416.
[16]	Hegde R. A. (2010). The Effect of Lime Stabilization on Properties of Black Cotton Soil. Indian Geotechnical Conferenc, 511-514.
[17]	Ibrahim Abdulkarim Ikara, A. M. (2019). Predicting CBR Values of Black Cotton Soil Stabilized with Cement and Waste Glass Admixture Using Regression Model. American Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering. Vol. 4, No. 1, 2019, pp. 31-36. doi: 10.11648/j.ajtte.20190401.15.
[18]	Ikeagwuani, C. C. (2015). EFFECT OF LIME AND PALM KERNEL SHELL ASH ON THE STABILIZATION OF BLACK COTTON SOIL. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT RESEARCH.
[19]	Ikeagwuani, C. C. (2016). COMPRESSIBILITY CHARACTERISTICS OF BLACK COTTON SOIL ADMIXED WITH SAWDUST ASH AND LIME. Nigerian Journal of Technology (NIJOTECH), 35 (4), 718-725.
[20]	Jayaganesh Kuppusamy, M. K. (2020, January). Effect of Polymeric Resins on Geotechnical Properties of Black Cotton Soil. Jayaganesh Kuppusamy, Muthumani Krishnamurthy, 8 (5), 1781-1785.
[21]	K. J. Osinubi, M. A. (2015). Improvement of Black Cotton Soil with Ordinary Portland Cement - Locust Bean Waste Ash Blend. EJGE, 619-627.
[22]	Kiran R. G. (2013). Analysis Of Strength Characteristics Of Black Cotton Soil Using Bagasse Ash And Additives As Stabilizer. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), 2240-2246.
[23]	KPrabin, A. b. (2020). PERFORMANCE STUDY ON SOIL AND STABILISATION USING E-WASTE. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine.
[24]	Mangesh Chaugule, S. D. (2017). Improvement of Black Cotton Soil Properties Using E-waste. Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, 76-81.
[25]	Mustapha Mohammed Alhajia, M. A. (2018, October). Free Swelling and Modulus of Elasticity of Compacted Black Cotton Soil Treated with Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement. Mustapha Mohammed Alhajia, Musa Alhassan, 25, 60-67.
[26]	Ola, B. O.-A. (2015). Stabilization of black cotton soil from north-eastern Nigeria with sodium silicate.
[27]	Oluwafemi Ifetayo, J.-H. C. (2018). Engineering Properties of Black Cotton Soil Stabilized with Plantain Peel Powder. Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management Pretoria / Johannesburg, South Africa, 958-966.
[28]	Onkar Nath Mishra, V. S. (2020, September). STABILIZATION OF SOIL BY USING E-WASTE. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 7 (9), 2516-2519.
[29]	Oriola, F. M. (2010). Groundnut Shell Ash Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil. 15, 415-428.
[30]	Paul Yohanna, I. M. (2020). Experimental and Statistical Study on Black Cotton Soil Modified with Cement–Iron Ore Tailings. FUOYE Journal of Engineering and Technology, 117-122.
[31]	Pramod Kilabanur, T. A. (2015). Stabilization Of Black Cotton Soil Using Envirobase And Sodium Silicate With Lime. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH, 4 (6), 344-348.
[32]	Prathap Kumar, S. D. (2016). CHARACTERIZATION OF CEMENT KILN DUST STABILIZED BLACK COTTON SOIL. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 104-107.
[33]	S. Srikanth Reddy, A. C. (2018). Lime-Stabilized Black Cotton Soil and Brick Powder Mixture as Subbase Material. Advances in Civil Engineering.
[34]	Sajja Satish, S. P. (2018). Stabilization of black cotton soil by using cement, lime and rice husk in flexible pavements.
[35]	Shailendra Singh, H. B. (2013). Stabilization of black cotton soil using lime.
[36]	Shreyas K. (2017). Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil By Admixtures.
[37]	K. Mehruddin, D. P. (2017, May). STABILIZATION OF BLACK COTTON SOIL. International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews, 4 (2), 83-87.
[38]	T. S. Ijimdiyaa, A. A. (2012). Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil Using Groundnut Shell Ash.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Umar Yerima Mai-Bade, Adamu Umar Chinade, Ahmad Batari, Saeed Modibbo Saeed. (2021). Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil Using Various Admixtures: A Review. Composite Materials, 5(2), 37-45. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cm.20210502.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Umar Yerima Mai-Bade; Adamu Umar Chinade; Ahmad Batari; Saeed Modibbo Saeed. Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil Using Various Admixtures: A Review. Compos. Mater. 2021, 5(2), 37-45. doi: 10.11648/j.cm.20210502.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Umar Yerima Mai-Bade, Adamu Umar Chinade, Ahmad Batari, Saeed Modibbo Saeed. Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil Using Various Admixtures: A Review. Compos Mater. 2021;5(2):37-45. doi: 10.11648/j.cm.20210502.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.cm.20210502.12,
  author = {Umar Yerima Mai-Bade and Adamu Umar Chinade and Ahmad Batari and Saeed Modibbo Saeed},
  title = {Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil Using Various Admixtures: A Review},
  journal = {Composite Materials},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {37-45},
  doi = {10.11648/j.cm.20210502.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cm.20210502.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cm.20210502.12},
  abstract = {This paper reviews the effect of various admixtures in view of increasing strength and reducing deformation characteristics of black cotton soil from studies carried out by different researchers. Stabilization of black cotton soil is targeted at providing stable and durable engineering structures. It becomes necessary when materials intended for foundation and pavement construction failed to meet the requirement in civil engineering practice. Black cotton soil from north-eastern part of Nigeria and different locations around the world are mostly classified as A-7-6 soils by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO); CH high plasticity clay soils by Unified Soil Classification System (UCSC) and high swell potential BCS by Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute (NBRRI). Experiment conducted include; Atterberg’s Limits, Specific Gravity, Sieve/hydrometer Analysis, Free Swell, Compaction, Triaxial, Shear Box, Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS), and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests. Soil characteristics such as the maximum dry density (MDD), optimum moisture content (OMC), CBR values, shear strength, cohesion, and angle of internal friction were improved significantly by admixtures such as lime, cement, E-waste, reclaimed asphalt pavement, and steel mill ore, while admixtures such as groundnut ash, bagasse ash and plantain peel powder demonstrated unsatisfactory improvement when used as standalone. Thus, it can be concluded that black cotton soil when stabilized with admixtures such as lime, cement, reclaimed asphalt pavement, E-waste, and still mill ore can be used in foundation and pavement construction. This study finally recommends the supplementary use of weak admixtures with some rather cementitious material to achieve a strong and durable foundation.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil Using Various Admixtures: A Review
AU  - Umar Yerima Mai-Bade
AU  - Adamu Umar Chinade
AU  - Ahmad Batari
AU  - Saeed Modibbo Saeed
Y1  - 2021/11/24
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cm.20210502.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.cm.20210502.12
T2  - Composite Materials
JF  - Composite Materials
JO  - Composite Materials
SP  - 37
EP  - 45
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2994-7103
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cm.20210502.12
AB  - This paper reviews the effect of various admixtures in view of increasing strength and reducing deformation characteristics of black cotton soil from studies carried out by different researchers. Stabilization of black cotton soil is targeted at providing stable and durable engineering structures. It becomes necessary when materials intended for foundation and pavement construction failed to meet the requirement in civil engineering practice. Black cotton soil from north-eastern part of Nigeria and different locations around the world are mostly classified as A-7-6 soils by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO); CH high plasticity clay soils by Unified Soil Classification System (UCSC) and high swell potential BCS by Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute (NBRRI). Experiment conducted include; Atterberg’s Limits, Specific Gravity, Sieve/hydrometer Analysis, Free Swell, Compaction, Triaxial, Shear Box, Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS), and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests. Soil characteristics such as the maximum dry density (MDD), optimum moisture content (OMC), CBR values, shear strength, cohesion, and angle of internal friction were improved significantly by admixtures such as lime, cement, E-waste, reclaimed asphalt pavement, and steel mill ore, while admixtures such as groundnut ash, bagasse ash and plantain peel powder demonstrated unsatisfactory improvement when used as standalone. Thus, it can be concluded that black cotton soil when stabilized with admixtures such as lime, cement, reclaimed asphalt pavement, E-waste, and still mill ore can be used in foundation and pavement construction. This study finally recommends the supplementary use of weak admixtures with some rather cementitious material to achieve a strong and durable foundation.
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Umar Yerima Mai-Bade

Department Of Civil Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria
Adamu Umar Chinade

Department Of Civil Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria
Ahmad Batari

Department Of Civil Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria
Saeed Modibbo Saeed

Department Of Civil Engineering, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Umar Yerima Mai-Bade, Adamu Umar Chinade, Ahmad Batari, Saeed Modibbo Saeed. (2021). Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil Using Various Admixtures: A Review. Composite Materials, 5(2), 37-45. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cm.20210502.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Umar Yerima Mai-Bade; Adamu Umar Chinade; Ahmad Batari; Saeed Modibbo Saeed. Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil Using Various Admixtures: A Review. Compos. Mater. 2021, 5(2), 37-45. doi: 10.11648/j.cm.20210502.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Umar Yerima Mai-Bade, Adamu Umar Chinade, Ahmad Batari, Saeed Modibbo Saeed. Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil Using Various Admixtures: A Review. Compos Mater. 2021;5(2):37-45. doi: 10.11648/j.cm.20210502.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.cm.20210502.12,
  author = {Umar Yerima Mai-Bade and Adamu Umar Chinade and Ahmad Batari and Saeed Modibbo Saeed},
  title = {Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil Using Various Admixtures: A Review},
  journal = {Composite Materials},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {37-45},
  doi = {10.11648/j.cm.20210502.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cm.20210502.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cm.20210502.12},
  abstract = {This paper reviews the effect of various admixtures in view of increasing strength and reducing deformation characteristics of black cotton soil from studies carried out by different researchers. Stabilization of black cotton soil is targeted at providing stable and durable engineering structures. It becomes necessary when materials intended for foundation and pavement construction failed to meet the requirement in civil engineering practice. Black cotton soil from north-eastern part of Nigeria and different locations around the world are mostly classified as A-7-6 soils by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO); CH high plasticity clay soils by Unified Soil Classification System (UCSC) and high swell potential BCS by Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute (NBRRI). Experiment conducted include; Atterberg’s Limits, Specific Gravity, Sieve/hydrometer Analysis, Free Swell, Compaction, Triaxial, Shear Box, Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS), and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests. Soil characteristics such as the maximum dry density (MDD), optimum moisture content (OMC), CBR values, shear strength, cohesion, and angle of internal friction were improved significantly by admixtures such as lime, cement, E-waste, reclaimed asphalt pavement, and steel mill ore, while admixtures such as groundnut ash, bagasse ash and plantain peel powder demonstrated unsatisfactory improvement when used as standalone. Thus, it can be concluded that black cotton soil when stabilized with admixtures such as lime, cement, reclaimed asphalt pavement, E-waste, and still mill ore can be used in foundation and pavement construction. This study finally recommends the supplementary use of weak admixtures with some rather cementitious material to achieve a strong and durable foundation.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil Using Various Admixtures: A Review
AU  - Umar Yerima Mai-Bade
AU  - Adamu Umar Chinade
AU  - Ahmad Batari
AU  - Saeed Modibbo Saeed
Y1  - 2021/11/24
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cm.20210502.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.cm.20210502.12
T2  - Composite Materials
JF  - Composite Materials
JO  - Composite Materials
SP  - 37
EP  - 45
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2994-7103
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cm.20210502.12
AB  - This paper reviews the effect of various admixtures in view of increasing strength and reducing deformation characteristics of black cotton soil from studies carried out by different researchers. Stabilization of black cotton soil is targeted at providing stable and durable engineering structures. It becomes necessary when materials intended for foundation and pavement construction failed to meet the requirement in civil engineering practice. Black cotton soil from north-eastern part of Nigeria and different locations around the world are mostly classified as A-7-6 soils by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO); CH high plasticity clay soils by Unified Soil Classification System (UCSC) and high swell potential BCS by Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute (NBRRI). Experiment conducted include; Atterberg’s Limits, Specific Gravity, Sieve/hydrometer Analysis, Free Swell, Compaction, Triaxial, Shear Box, Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS), and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests. Soil characteristics such as the maximum dry density (MDD), optimum moisture content (OMC), CBR values, shear strength, cohesion, and angle of internal friction were improved significantly by admixtures such as lime, cement, E-waste, reclaimed asphalt pavement, and steel mill ore, while admixtures such as groundnut ash, bagasse ash and plantain peel powder demonstrated unsatisfactory improvement when used as standalone. Thus, it can be concluded that black cotton soil when stabilized with admixtures such as lime, cement, reclaimed asphalt pavement, E-waste, and still mill ore can be used in foundation and pavement construction. This study finally recommends the supplementary use of weak admixtures with some rather cementitious material to achieve a strong and durable foundation.
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download