Production of Biodiesel from Garcinia Kola Seeds Using Trans-Esterification Reaction

Iwuozor Kingsley Ogemdi; Ekpunobi Emmanuel Chidubem; Emuobosa Gold

doi:doi:10.11648/j.cm.20180202.13

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Production of Biodiesel from Garcinia Kola Seeds Using Trans-Esterification Reaction

Iwuozor Kingsley Ogemdi, Ekpunobi Emmanuel Chidubem, Emuobosa Gold

Published in Composite Materials (Volume 2, Issue 2)

Received: 20 October 2018 Accepted: 31 October 2018 Published: 29 January 2019

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Abstract

Plants are important in our everyday existence. They provide our foods, produce the oxygen we breathe, and serve as raw materials for many industrial products such as clothes, foot wears and so many others. Plants also provide raw materials for our buildings and in the manufacture of biofuels, dyes, perfumes, pesticides and drugs. In this research, Garcinia kola seeds were purchased locally and the seeds were deshelled, washed and allowed to dry. The extraction of oil was done using soxhlet extraction technique (hot method). After the extraction, Biodiesel was then produced from the oil using the Trans-esterification process. The already produced Oil and biodiesel were characterized for its physicochemical properties and the result compared to standards. The bitter kola biodiesel was also exposed to FTIR analysis to determine the functional groups and organic compounds inherent in the biodiesel produced. From the experimental result obtained, the produced were found to meet the ASTM standards for biodiesel. The results obtained from analysis of biodiesel from Garcinia kola include free fatty acid: 0.822%; acid value: 1.635mgKOH/g; specific gravity: 0.9; kinematic velocity: 1.714Cst; flash point: 45°C; pour point: 93°C; water content: 5.75%. Thus, the values obtained met with the ASTM standard. The percentage yield of oil from the Bitter kola seed is 34% and then the percentage yield from the bitter kola oil to the biodiesel is 62%. This shows that the poor yield of biodiesel from the seed would affect its usage as a Biofuel and this makes it not suitable to be used as a Biofuel. This research has shown that Garcinia kola seeds and oils are not good sources of Biodiesel. Therefore research should be on and going into more cheap and available materials in the production of biodiesel.

Published in	Composite Materials (Volume 2, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.cm.20180202.13
Page(s)	55-60
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Garcinia Kola, Biodiesel, Trans-esterification, Percentage Yield, Physiochemical

References

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Iwuozor Kingsley Ogemdi, Ekpunobi Emmanuel Chidubem, Emuobosa Gold. (2019). Production of Biodiesel from Garcinia Kola Seeds Using Trans-Esterification Reaction. Composite Materials, 2(2), 55-60. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cm.20180202.13

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ACS Style

Iwuozor Kingsley Ogemdi; Ekpunobi Emmanuel Chidubem; Emuobosa Gold. Production of Biodiesel from Garcinia Kola Seeds Using Trans-Esterification Reaction. Compos. Mater. 2019, 2(2), 55-60. doi: 10.11648/j.cm.20180202.13

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AMA Style

Iwuozor Kingsley Ogemdi, Ekpunobi Emmanuel Chidubem, Emuobosa Gold. Production of Biodiesel from Garcinia Kola Seeds Using Trans-Esterification Reaction. Compos Mater. 2019;2(2):55-60. doi: 10.11648/j.cm.20180202.13

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@article{10.11648/j.cm.20180202.13,
  author = {Iwuozor Kingsley Ogemdi and Ekpunobi Emmanuel Chidubem and Emuobosa Gold},
  title = {Production of Biodiesel from Garcinia Kola Seeds Using Trans-Esterification Reaction},
  journal = {Composite Materials},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {55-60},
  doi = {10.11648/j.cm.20180202.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cm.20180202.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cm.20180202.13},
  abstract = {Plants are important in our everyday existence. They provide our foods, produce the oxygen we breathe, and serve as raw materials for many industrial products such as clothes, foot wears and so many others. Plants also provide raw materials for our buildings and in the manufacture of biofuels, dyes, perfumes, pesticides and drugs. In this research, Garcinia kola seeds were purchased locally and the seeds were deshelled, washed and allowed to dry. The extraction of oil was done using soxhlet extraction technique (hot method). After the extraction, Biodiesel was then produced from the oil using the Trans-esterification process. The already produced Oil and biodiesel were characterized for its physicochemical properties and the result compared to standards. The bitter kola biodiesel was also exposed to FTIR analysis to determine the functional groups and organic compounds inherent in the biodiesel produced. From the experimental result obtained, the produced were found to meet the ASTM standards for biodiesel. The results obtained from analysis of biodiesel from Garcinia kola include free fatty acid: 0.822%; acid value: 1.635mgKOH/g; specific gravity: 0.9; kinematic velocity: 1.714Cst; flash point: 45°C; pour point: 93°C; water content: 5.75%. Thus, the values obtained met with the ASTM standard. The percentage yield of oil from the Bitter kola seed is 34% and then the percentage yield from the bitter kola oil to the biodiesel is 62%. This shows that the poor yield of biodiesel from the seed would affect its usage as a Biofuel and this makes it not suitable to be used as a Biofuel. This research has shown that Garcinia kola seeds and oils are not good sources of Biodiesel. Therefore research should be on and going into more cheap and available materials in the production of biodiesel.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Production of Biodiesel from Garcinia Kola Seeds Using Trans-Esterification Reaction
AU - Iwuozor Kingsley Ogemdi
AU - Ekpunobi Emmanuel Chidubem
AU - Emuobosa Gold
Y1 - 2019/01/29
PY - 2019
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cm.20180202.13
DO - 10.11648/j.cm.20180202.13
T2 - Composite Materials
JF - Composite Materials
JO - Composite Materials
SP - 55
EP - 60
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2994-7103
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cm.20180202.13
AB - Plants are important in our everyday existence. They provide our foods, produce the oxygen we breathe, and serve as raw materials for many industrial products such as clothes, foot wears and so many others. Plants also provide raw materials for our buildings and in the manufacture of biofuels, dyes, perfumes, pesticides and drugs. In this research, Garcinia kola seeds were purchased locally and the seeds were deshelled, washed and allowed to dry. The extraction of oil was done using soxhlet extraction technique (hot method). After the extraction, Biodiesel was then produced from the oil using the Trans-esterification process. The already produced Oil and biodiesel were characterized for its physicochemical properties and the result compared to standards. The bitter kola biodiesel was also exposed to FTIR analysis to determine the functional groups and organic compounds inherent in the biodiesel produced. From the experimental result obtained, the produced were found to meet the ASTM standards for biodiesel. The results obtained from analysis of biodiesel from Garcinia kola include free fatty acid: 0.822%; acid value: 1.635mgKOH/g; specific gravity: 0.9; kinematic velocity: 1.714Cst; flash point: 45°C; pour point: 93°C; water content: 5.75%. Thus, the values obtained met with the ASTM standard. The percentage yield of oil from the Bitter kola seed is 34% and then the percentage yield from the bitter kola oil to the biodiesel is 62%. This shows that the poor yield of biodiesel from the seed would affect its usage as a Biofuel and this makes it not suitable to be used as a Biofuel. This research has shown that Garcinia kola seeds and oils are not good sources of Biodiesel. Therefore research should be on and going into more cheap and available materials in the production of biodiesel.
VL - 2
IS - 2
ER -

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Author Information

Iwuozor Kingsley Ogemdi

Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Ekpunobi Emmanuel Chidubem

Department of Microbiology, Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria
Emuobosa Gold

Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

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Iwuozor Kingsley Ogemdi, Ekpunobi Emmanuel Chidubem, Emuobosa Gold. (2019). Production of Biodiesel from Garcinia Kola Seeds Using Trans-Esterification Reaction. Composite Materials, 2(2), 55-60. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cm.20180202.13

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ACS Style

Iwuozor Kingsley Ogemdi; Ekpunobi Emmanuel Chidubem; Emuobosa Gold. Production of Biodiesel from Garcinia Kola Seeds Using Trans-Esterification Reaction. Compos. Mater. 2019, 2(2), 55-60. doi: 10.11648/j.cm.20180202.13

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AMA Style

Iwuozor Kingsley Ogemdi, Ekpunobi Emmanuel Chidubem, Emuobosa Gold. Production of Biodiesel from Garcinia Kola Seeds Using Trans-Esterification Reaction. Compos Mater. 2019;2(2):55-60. doi: 10.11648/j.cm.20180202.13

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@article{10.11648/j.cm.20180202.13,
  author = {Iwuozor Kingsley Ogemdi and Ekpunobi Emmanuel Chidubem and Emuobosa Gold},
  title = {Production of Biodiesel from Garcinia Kola Seeds Using Trans-Esterification Reaction},
  journal = {Composite Materials},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {55-60},
  doi = {10.11648/j.cm.20180202.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cm.20180202.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cm.20180202.13},
  abstract = {Plants are important in our everyday existence. They provide our foods, produce the oxygen we breathe, and serve as raw materials for many industrial products such as clothes, foot wears and so many others. Plants also provide raw materials for our buildings and in the manufacture of biofuels, dyes, perfumes, pesticides and drugs. In this research, Garcinia kola seeds were purchased locally and the seeds were deshelled, washed and allowed to dry. The extraction of oil was done using soxhlet extraction technique (hot method). After the extraction, Biodiesel was then produced from the oil using the Trans-esterification process. The already produced Oil and biodiesel were characterized for its physicochemical properties and the result compared to standards. The bitter kola biodiesel was also exposed to FTIR analysis to determine the functional groups and organic compounds inherent in the biodiesel produced. From the experimental result obtained, the produced were found to meet the ASTM standards for biodiesel. The results obtained from analysis of biodiesel from Garcinia kola include free fatty acid: 0.822%; acid value: 1.635mgKOH/g; specific gravity: 0.9; kinematic velocity: 1.714Cst; flash point: 45°C; pour point: 93°C; water content: 5.75%. Thus, the values obtained met with the ASTM standard. The percentage yield of oil from the Bitter kola seed is 34% and then the percentage yield from the bitter kola oil to the biodiesel is 62%. This shows that the poor yield of biodiesel from the seed would affect its usage as a Biofuel and this makes it not suitable to be used as a Biofuel. This research has shown that Garcinia kola seeds and oils are not good sources of Biodiesel. Therefore research should be on and going into more cheap and available materials in the production of biodiesel.},
 year = {2019}
}

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