Plastic litters arising from polyethylene-based materials such as shopping bags, water sachets, bottles, medical wastes etc., are non-biodegradable and increasingly becoming environmental problems in the major cities of Nigeria. A possible solution is to enhance their biodegradation through addition of decomposable material. In this work, polymer blends were prepared via melt-blending approach, using polyethylene (PE), Cashew nut Flour (CNF) at a different weight percent mixing formulations. Dimensional stability test conducted revealed that the 70% PE and 30% CNF provided the best results. Thereafter, gum Arabic (GA) binder was introduced into the Polymer blend at various weight percent mixing between CNF and GA while keeping the amount of PE constant at 70%. Characterizations of the PE, CNF and GA polymer blends through Biodegradation by Composting and bench-scale stimulation methods, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) analytical techniques were conducted. The results revealed that the polymer blend i.e. 70%PE, 5%CNF and 25%GA presented the highest weight lost in the two biodegradation methods which are 52.9% and 57.89%. The FTIR disclosed that the composites have almost similar spectra and peaks in the same regions with little drifts. The SEM micrographs showed some arrays of broken parts, presences of some cavities and agglomeration of the matrices in the composites. However, the blend (i.e. 70%PE, 5%CNF and 25%GA) showed that the components are more evenly distributed and resulted in little agglomeration. The study revealed that polymer blends were prepared which provided promising distinct characteristics from the original materials and with faster biodegradation rate than pure PE.
| Published in | American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology (Volume 9, Issue 1) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ajpst.20230901.12 |
| Page(s) | 7-13 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Polyethylene, Cashew Nut, Biodegradation, Physical, Properties
| [1] | Azeko S. T. (2015). Biodegradation and recycling of polyethylene into composite Building materials. Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of PhD African University of Science and Technology, Abuja. |
| [2] | Marques, M. V., Melo, R. P., Araujo, R. S., Lunz, J. N. and Aguiar, V. O. (2015) Improvement of Mechanical Properties of Natural Fiber-Polyethylene Composites Using Successive Alkaline Treatment. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 132, Article ID: 41710. |
| [3] | Obasi H. (2015). Peanut Husk Filled Polyethylene Composites: Effects of Filler Content and Compatibilizer on Properties. Journal of polymer. 1-9, | https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/189289. |
| [4] | Olagbemide P. T and Ogunnusi T. A. (2015). Proximate analysis and chemical composition of cortinarius species. European journal of advanced researched in biological and life sciences. Vol. 3 (3). 1-10. |
| [5] | Dendena B and Corse S. (2014). Cashew from seed to market: a review. Agronomy for sustainable development. Volume 34, 753-772. |
| [6] | Khalil, I. A. and F. Manan, (1990). Text book of Chemistry I. Bio. Analytical Chemistry 2nd Edn. Taj Kutab Khana Peshawar prining press. |
| [7] | Sha L. Chen Z. Zhang A and Yang Z (2016). Polylactic Acid Based Nanocomposites: Promising Safe and Biodegradable Materials in Biomedical Field. International Journal of Polymer Science. Volume 2016, Article ID 6869154, 11 pages doi.org/10.1155/2016/6869154. |
| [8] | Siakeng R, Jawaid M, Asim M and Siengchin S. (2020). Accelerated Weathering and Soil Burial Effect on Biodegradability, Colour and Textureof Coir/Pineapple Leaf Fibres/PLA Biocomposites. Journal of Polymer. Vol 12. 458; doi: 10.3390/polym12020458. |
| [9] | Badamasi H. and Ibrahim A. (2017). Development and Characterization of Bio-Composite: A Review. 2ND International Conference on Green Engineering for Sustainable Development (IC-GESD 2017) Faculty of Engineering, Bayero University, Kano. Nigeria. |
| [10] | Barua A. G., Hazarika S., Hussain M., and Misra A. K, (2008). Spectroscopic Investigation of the Cashew Nut Kernel. The Open Food Sci. Journal. Vol. 2: 80-85. |
| [11] | Muniyasamy S, Reddy M, Misra M and Mohanty A. (2013). Biodegradable green composites from bioethanol co-product and poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate). Int’l crop production. Volume 43: 812. |
| [12] | Salvador M. D, Amigo V, Sahuquillo O, Antolinos C. M, Segovia F, Vicente A and Sanz C (2018). Thermal Analysis of Polymer Resins Matrix Reinforced with G-glass Fiber Degragated in Neutral Environment. Journal of Comp. Tech. Res. 34: 145. |
| [13] | Siakeng R, Jawaid M, Asim M and Siengchin S. (2020). Accelerated Weathering and Soil Burial Effect on Biodegradability, Colour and Textureof Coir/Pineapple Leaf Fibres/PLA. |
| [14] | Turoti M and Kikiowo S. (2015) Natural Polymers 1: Mechanical Properties of Composite Material Using Natural Rubber with Gum Arabic. Journal of nature and science. Volume 13 (4). http://www.sciencepub.net/nature. |
| [15] | Eiroboyi1 I, Ikiensikimam S. S, Oriji B. A and Okoye I. P. (2019). Synergistic Study between Gum Arabic and Carboxymethyl Cellulose: Application in Polymer Flooding. Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology. Vol. 36 (4): pp 1-7. |
APA Style
Abubakar Umar Birnin-Yauri, Aliyu Muhammad, Hannatu Abubakar Sani, Shehu Abdullahi, Abdulaziz Muhammad Hassan. (2023). Biodegradation and Physical Properties of the Polymer Blends Prepared from Cashew Nut Flour and Polyethylene-Based Waste Material. American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology, 9(1), 7-13. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpst.20230901.12
ACS Style
Abubakar Umar Birnin-Yauri; Aliyu Muhammad; Hannatu Abubakar Sani; Shehu Abdullahi; Abdulaziz Muhammad Hassan. Biodegradation and Physical Properties of the Polymer Blends Prepared from Cashew Nut Flour and Polyethylene-Based Waste Material. Am. J. Polym. Sci. Technol. 2023, 9(1), 7-13. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpst.20230901.12
AMA Style
Abubakar Umar Birnin-Yauri, Aliyu Muhammad, Hannatu Abubakar Sani, Shehu Abdullahi, Abdulaziz Muhammad Hassan. Biodegradation and Physical Properties of the Polymer Blends Prepared from Cashew Nut Flour and Polyethylene-Based Waste Material. Am J Polym Sci Technol. 2023;9(1):7-13. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpst.20230901.12
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.ajpst.20230901.12,
author = {Abubakar Umar Birnin-Yauri and Aliyu Muhammad and Hannatu Abubakar Sani and Shehu Abdullahi and Abdulaziz Muhammad Hassan},
title = {Biodegradation and Physical Properties of the Polymer Blends Prepared from Cashew Nut Flour and Polyethylene-Based Waste Material},
journal = {American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {7-13},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajpst.20230901.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpst.20230901.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpst.20230901.12},
abstract = {Plastic litters arising from polyethylene-based materials such as shopping bags, water sachets, bottles, medical wastes etc., are non-biodegradable and increasingly becoming environmental problems in the major cities of Nigeria. A possible solution is to enhance their biodegradation through addition of decomposable material. In this work, polymer blends were prepared via melt-blending approach, using polyethylene (PE), Cashew nut Flour (CNF) at a different weight percent mixing formulations. Dimensional stability test conducted revealed that the 70% PE and 30% CNF provided the best results. Thereafter, gum Arabic (GA) binder was introduced into the Polymer blend at various weight percent mixing between CNF and GA while keeping the amount of PE constant at 70%. Characterizations of the PE, CNF and GA polymer blends through Biodegradation by Composting and bench-scale stimulation methods, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) analytical techniques were conducted. The results revealed that the polymer blend i.e. 70%PE, 5%CNF and 25%GA presented the highest weight lost in the two biodegradation methods which are 52.9% and 57.89%. The FTIR disclosed that the composites have almost similar spectra and peaks in the same regions with little drifts. The SEM micrographs showed some arrays of broken parts, presences of some cavities and agglomeration of the matrices in the composites. However, the blend (i.e. 70%PE, 5%CNF and 25%GA) showed that the components are more evenly distributed and resulted in little agglomeration. The study revealed that polymer blends were prepared which provided promising distinct characteristics from the original materials and with faster biodegradation rate than pure PE.},
year = {2023}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Biodegradation and Physical Properties of the Polymer Blends Prepared from Cashew Nut Flour and Polyethylene-Based Waste Material AU - Abubakar Umar Birnin-Yauri AU - Aliyu Muhammad AU - Hannatu Abubakar Sani AU - Shehu Abdullahi AU - Abdulaziz Muhammad Hassan Y1 - 2023/06/06 PY - 2023 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpst.20230901.12 DO - 10.11648/j.ajpst.20230901.12 T2 - American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology JF - American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology JO - American Journal of Polymer Science and Technology SP - 7 EP - 13 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2575-5986 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpst.20230901.12 AB - Plastic litters arising from polyethylene-based materials such as shopping bags, water sachets, bottles, medical wastes etc., are non-biodegradable and increasingly becoming environmental problems in the major cities of Nigeria. A possible solution is to enhance their biodegradation through addition of decomposable material. In this work, polymer blends were prepared via melt-blending approach, using polyethylene (PE), Cashew nut Flour (CNF) at a different weight percent mixing formulations. Dimensional stability test conducted revealed that the 70% PE and 30% CNF provided the best results. Thereafter, gum Arabic (GA) binder was introduced into the Polymer blend at various weight percent mixing between CNF and GA while keeping the amount of PE constant at 70%. Characterizations of the PE, CNF and GA polymer blends through Biodegradation by Composting and bench-scale stimulation methods, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) analytical techniques were conducted. The results revealed that the polymer blend i.e. 70%PE, 5%CNF and 25%GA presented the highest weight lost in the two biodegradation methods which are 52.9% and 57.89%. The FTIR disclosed that the composites have almost similar spectra and peaks in the same regions with little drifts. The SEM micrographs showed some arrays of broken parts, presences of some cavities and agglomeration of the matrices in the composites. However, the blend (i.e. 70%PE, 5%CNF and 25%GA) showed that the components are more evenly distributed and resulted in little agglomeration. The study revealed that polymer blends were prepared which provided promising distinct characteristics from the original materials and with faster biodegradation rate than pure PE. VL - 9 IS - 1 ER -
Information
Email: