Preparing Topographic Map of Wallaga University Around College of Natural Science by Using GIS Software, West Wallaga, Oromia, Ethiopia

Bulcha Assefa

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajce.20241201.13

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Preparing Topographic Map of Wallaga University Around College of Natural Science by Using GIS Software, West Wallaga, Oromia, Ethiopia

Bulcha Assefa

Published in American Journal of Civil Engineering (Volume 12, Issue 1)

Received: 15 December 2023 Accepted: 2 January 2024 Published: 18 January 2024

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Abstract

A topographic map serves as a two-dimensional depiction of the three-dimensional terrain. Unlike other maps, topographic maps uniquely capture both the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the landscape. Employing a combination of contour lines, colors, symbols, labels, and various graphical elements, they effectively illustrate the forms and positions of natural and manmade features such as mountains, forests, rivers, lakes, cities, roads, bridges, and more. By utilizing contour lines, a topographic map represents the diverse shapes, elevations, and slopes of the land. These lines connect points at identical heights above sea level, derived from vertical aerial photographs. The proximity of these contour lines indicates the steepness of the terrain, while the consistent height difference between adjacent lines remains uniform across the entire map. For the construction of any infrastructures or facilities in the area, an accurate and updated topographic map should be used in order to maintain the quality and accuracy of any activity using the topographic map. The topographic map was prepared using the different modern surveying instruments and techniques like Total station and GIS particularly in the college of natural science Area of Wallaga University. The Spatial data (Excel point data) of the area was collected using Total station and it was processed using the different software like AutoCAD, Eagle point, and ArcGIS to come up with the new updated and accurate topographic map. The contour map, built-up area, and Green area maps were also prepared in different layers for more information to be used as a reference in the construction of any new infrastructure in the area.

Published in	American Journal of Civil Engineering (Volume 12, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajce.20241201.13
Page(s)	17-26
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Topographic Map, Contour, Feature, Information

References

[1]	W. Backley, (1997). The GIS Premier: An Introduction to Geographic Information, 10(3), 359–374.
[2]	Features Shown on Topographic Maps. 2012. The application of GPS and its purposes, 11(6), 213-215.
[3]	Moffitt H.F and Bouchard H. (2014): Surveying 8th Edition, page 47-51 Collins U.S.A.
[4]	Banister, A. and Raymond, S. (1984): Surveying, Fourth Edition Longman U. K.
[5]	Lick A. GPS satellite surveying. A PhD. Thesis, Technische Universität Darmstadt, German. 2009.
[6]	Portugal EPAM3-3rd European Map and Asset Management Conference Study of the Causes and preparation of updated map. Coimbra. 7-9 July. 2008.
[7]	Hudson, W. R., Monismith, C. L., Dougan, C. E., and Visser, W. (2013), Use Performance Management System Data for Monitoring Performance: Example with Superpave, Transportation Research Record 1853, TRB, Washington D. C.
[8]	F. J. Ogundipe, “Map edition,” Journal of engineering and applied sciences, 2008, 3(3), pp. 239- 241.
[9]	M. Viher, “Preparation of updated map,” International journal of research in engineering science, Pan African journal series, Accra, Ghana, 2018.
[10]	W. G. Pachle, Identification of Map symbol, preparation of map by using different softwares in Sri Lanka. Master Thesis at the University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, 2019.
[11]	EMA. Ethiopian Map Agency Standard Manuals. Topo map manual, Volume I. 2017.
[12]	ERDAS. Map revision and multi software. 2002.
[13]	Yang. H. Huang. Data analysis and Design,” University of Kentucky. 1999.
[14]	P. Croney and D. Croney, The Design and Performance of road map. New York City: McGraw-Hill Professional, 2008.
[15]	Keith RK. Northwest map Management systems users Group and Washington State Department of GIS. March 1992.

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APA Style

Assefa, B. (2024). Preparing Topographic Map of Wallaga University Around College of Natural Science by Using GIS Software, West Wallaga, Oromia, Ethiopia. American Journal of Civil Engineering, 12(1), 17-26. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20241201.13

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ACS Style

Assefa, B. Preparing Topographic Map of Wallaga University Around College of Natural Science by Using GIS Software, West Wallaga, Oromia, Ethiopia. Am. J. Civ. Eng. 2024, 12(1), 17-26. doi: 10.11648/j.ajce.20241201.13

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AMA Style

Assefa B. Preparing Topographic Map of Wallaga University Around College of Natural Science by Using GIS Software, West Wallaga, Oromia, Ethiopia. Am J Civ Eng. 2024;12(1):17-26. doi: 10.11648/j.ajce.20241201.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajce.20241201.13,
  author = {Bulcha Assefa},
  title = {Preparing Topographic Map of Wallaga University Around College of Natural Science by Using GIS Software, West Wallaga, Oromia, Ethiopia},
  journal = {American Journal of Civil Engineering},
  volume = {12},
  number = {1},
  pages = {17-26},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajce.20241201.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20241201.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajce.20241201.13},
  abstract = {A topographic map serves as a two-dimensional depiction of the three-dimensional terrain. Unlike other maps, topographic maps uniquely capture both the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the landscape. Employing a combination of contour lines, colors, symbols, labels, and various graphical elements, they effectively illustrate the forms and positions of natural and manmade features such as mountains, forests, rivers, lakes, cities, roads, bridges, and more. By utilizing contour lines, a topographic map represents the diverse shapes, elevations, and slopes of the land. These lines connect points at identical heights above sea level, derived from vertical aerial photographs. The proximity of these contour lines indicates the steepness of the terrain, while the consistent height difference between adjacent lines remains uniform across the entire map. For the construction of any infrastructures or facilities in the area, an accurate and updated topographic map should be used in order to maintain the quality and accuracy of any activity using the topographic map. The topographic map was prepared using the different modern surveying instruments and techniques like Total station and GIS particularly in the college of natural science Area of Wallaga University. The Spatial data (Excel point data) of the area was collected using Total station and it was processed using the different software like AutoCAD, Eagle point, and ArcGIS to come up with the new updated and accurate topographic map. The contour map, built-up area, and Green area maps were also prepared in different layers for more information to be used as a reference in the construction of any new infrastructure in the area.
},
 year = {2024}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Preparing Topographic Map of Wallaga University Around College of Natural Science by Using GIS Software, West Wallaga, Oromia, Ethiopia
AU  - Bulcha Assefa
Y1  - 2024/01/18
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20241201.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajce.20241201.13
T2  - American Journal of Civil Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Civil Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Civil Engineering
SP  - 17
EP  - 26
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8737
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20241201.13
AB  - A topographic map serves as a two-dimensional depiction of the three-dimensional terrain. Unlike other maps, topographic maps uniquely capture both the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the landscape. Employing a combination of contour lines, colors, symbols, labels, and various graphical elements, they effectively illustrate the forms and positions of natural and manmade features such as mountains, forests, rivers, lakes, cities, roads, bridges, and more. By utilizing contour lines, a topographic map represents the diverse shapes, elevations, and slopes of the land. These lines connect points at identical heights above sea level, derived from vertical aerial photographs. The proximity of these contour lines indicates the steepness of the terrain, while the consistent height difference between adjacent lines remains uniform across the entire map. For the construction of any infrastructures or facilities in the area, an accurate and updated topographic map should be used in order to maintain the quality and accuracy of any activity using the topographic map. The topographic map was prepared using the different modern surveying instruments and techniques like Total station and GIS particularly in the college of natural science Area of Wallaga University. The Spatial data (Excel point data) of the area was collected using Total station and it was processed using the different software like AutoCAD, Eagle point, and ArcGIS to come up with the new updated and accurate topographic map. The contour map, built-up area, and Green area maps were also prepared in different layers for more information to be used as a reference in the construction of any new infrastructure in the area.

VL  - 12
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Bulcha Assefa

Department of Surveying Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Wallaga University, Nekemte, Ethiopia

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Assefa, B. (2024). Preparing Topographic Map of Wallaga University Around College of Natural Science by Using GIS Software, West Wallaga, Oromia, Ethiopia. American Journal of Civil Engineering, 12(1), 17-26. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20241201.13

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ACS Style

Assefa, B. Preparing Topographic Map of Wallaga University Around College of Natural Science by Using GIS Software, West Wallaga, Oromia, Ethiopia. Am. J. Civ. Eng. 2024, 12(1), 17-26. doi: 10.11648/j.ajce.20241201.13

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AMA Style

Assefa B. Preparing Topographic Map of Wallaga University Around College of Natural Science by Using GIS Software, West Wallaga, Oromia, Ethiopia. Am J Civ Eng. 2024;12(1):17-26. doi: 10.11648/j.ajce.20241201.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajce.20241201.13,
  author = {Bulcha Assefa},
  title = {Preparing Topographic Map of Wallaga University Around College of Natural Science by Using GIS Software, West Wallaga, Oromia, Ethiopia},
  journal = {American Journal of Civil Engineering},
  volume = {12},
  number = {1},
  pages = {17-26},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajce.20241201.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20241201.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajce.20241201.13},
  abstract = {A topographic map serves as a two-dimensional depiction of the three-dimensional terrain. Unlike other maps, topographic maps uniquely capture both the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the landscape. Employing a combination of contour lines, colors, symbols, labels, and various graphical elements, they effectively illustrate the forms and positions of natural and manmade features such as mountains, forests, rivers, lakes, cities, roads, bridges, and more. By utilizing contour lines, a topographic map represents the diverse shapes, elevations, and slopes of the land. These lines connect points at identical heights above sea level, derived from vertical aerial photographs. The proximity of these contour lines indicates the steepness of the terrain, while the consistent height difference between adjacent lines remains uniform across the entire map. For the construction of any infrastructures or facilities in the area, an accurate and updated topographic map should be used in order to maintain the quality and accuracy of any activity using the topographic map. The topographic map was prepared using the different modern surveying instruments and techniques like Total station and GIS particularly in the college of natural science Area of Wallaga University. The Spatial data (Excel point data) of the area was collected using Total station and it was processed using the different software like AutoCAD, Eagle point, and ArcGIS to come up with the new updated and accurate topographic map. The contour map, built-up area, and Green area maps were also prepared in different layers for more information to be used as a reference in the construction of any new infrastructure in the area.
},
 year = {2024}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Preparing Topographic Map of Wallaga University Around College of Natural Science by Using GIS Software, West Wallaga, Oromia, Ethiopia
AU  - Bulcha Assefa
Y1  - 2024/01/18
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20241201.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajce.20241201.13
T2  - American Journal of Civil Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Civil Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Civil Engineering
SP  - 17
EP  - 26
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8737
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20241201.13
AB  - A topographic map serves as a two-dimensional depiction of the three-dimensional terrain. Unlike other maps, topographic maps uniquely capture both the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the landscape. Employing a combination of contour lines, colors, symbols, labels, and various graphical elements, they effectively illustrate the forms and positions of natural and manmade features such as mountains, forests, rivers, lakes, cities, roads, bridges, and more. By utilizing contour lines, a topographic map represents the diverse shapes, elevations, and slopes of the land. These lines connect points at identical heights above sea level, derived from vertical aerial photographs. The proximity of these contour lines indicates the steepness of the terrain, while the consistent height difference between adjacent lines remains uniform across the entire map. For the construction of any infrastructures or facilities in the area, an accurate and updated topographic map should be used in order to maintain the quality and accuracy of any activity using the topographic map. The topographic map was prepared using the different modern surveying instruments and techniques like Total station and GIS particularly in the college of natural science Area of Wallaga University. The Spatial data (Excel point data) of the area was collected using Total station and it was processed using the different software like AutoCAD, Eagle point, and ArcGIS to come up with the new updated and accurate topographic map. The contour map, built-up area, and Green area maps were also prepared in different layers for more information to be used as a reference in the construction of any new infrastructure in the area.

VL  - 12
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download