| Peer-Reviewed

Association between Haptoglobin Genotype Polymorphism and Type Two (2) Diabetes in Accra, Ghana

Received: 1 December 2013     Published: 20 January 2014
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Polymorphism of the haptoglobin (Hp) gene, characterized by alleles Hp1 and Hp2, gives rise to structurally and functionally distinct Hp protein phenotypes: Hp1-1, Hp2-1, and Hp2-2. The corresponding proteins have structural and functional differences that have influence on a particular disease. For example, Hp genotype is an independent risk factor for diabetic complications. In urban Ghana, type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects at least 6% of adults. The aim of this study was to assess the association between Hp genotype polymorphism in T2DM patients in Accra. The study was a case control one. A total of 100 participants, 50 T2DM patients attending the Diabetes Clinic (Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital) and 50 healthy non-diabetic controls, were involved. Plasma glucose concentration was measured by the glucose-oxidase method. Fasting blood glucose was performed on all subjects except for the individuals with a history of T2DM. Hp genotype was determined by allele specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR produced Hp genotype-specific bands for the Hp1F, Hp1S, and Hp2 alleles. Statistical analyses revealed a significant difference in the Hp genotype distribution between diabetics and non-diabetics (2 = 7.84, df = 2, p = 0.0198). Hp1-1 was the most frequent genotype among non-diabetics (58%) whilst Hp2-2 (38%) was most frequent genotype among diabetics. Majority of the diabetics were found in the Hp1S-1F and Hp2-2 genotype groups for diastolic BP (mmHg), systolic BP (mmHg) and FBG (mM). There was a strong association between DM and Hp2-2 genotype, followed by Hp2-1 (Hp1F-2 > Hp1S- 2) with the least being Hp1-1 (Hp1F-1F, Hp1S-1F, Hp1S-1S). The risk of developing diabetes among people with Hp2-2 and Hp1F-2 genotypes was high. They can therefore be used as markers for an individual developing DM.

Published in American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences (Volume 1, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajbls.20130104.15
Page(s) 103-109
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Haptoglobin, Genotype, Polymorphism, Type two (2) Diabetes

References
[1] M. Polonovski, M.F. Jayle. Sur la preparation d’une nouvelle fraction des prote´ines plasmatiques, l’haptoglobine. Comptes Rendues des Se´ances de la Socie´te ´ de Biologie, vol. 211, pp. 517–519, 1940.
[2] A. Roguin, W. Koch, A. Kastrati, D. Aronson, A. Schomiga, A.P. Levy, Haptoglobin genotype is predictive of major adverse cardiac events in the one year period after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in individuals with diabetes, Diabetes Care, vol. 26, pp. 2628–231, 2003.
[3] A.P. Levy, A. Roguin, I. Hochberg, P. Herer, S. Marsh, F.M. Nakhoul, K. Skorecki, Haptoglobin phenotypes and vascular complications in patient with diabetes, N Engl J Med, vol.343, pp. 343:969–970, 2000.
[4] J.W. Baynes, Role of oxidative stress in development of complications in diabetes, Diabetes, vol. 40, pp.405–412, 1991.
[5] R. Asleh, S. Marsh, M. Shilkrut, O. Binah, J. Guetta, F. Lejbkowicz, B. Enav, N. Shehadeh, Y. Kanter, O. Lache, O. Cohen, N.S. Levy, A.P. Levy, Genetically determined heterogeneity in hemoglobin scavenging and susceptibility to diabetic cardiovascular disease, Circ Res, vol. 92, pp.1193-1200, 2003
[6] D. Farbstein, A.P. Levy, The genetics of vascular complications in diabetes mellitus, Cardiol Clin, vol. 28(3), pp.477-96, 2010.
[7] M.R. Langlois, J.R. Delangh, Biological and clinical significance of haptoglobin polymorphism in humans, Clin Chem, vol. 42, 1589-1600, 1996.
[8] R. Asleh, A.P. Levy, In vivo and in vitro studies establishing haptoglobin as a major susceptibility gene for diabetic vascular disease, Vasc Health Risk Manag, vol. 1(1), 19-28, 2005
[9] S.K. Das, S.C. Elbein, The genetic basis of type 2 diabetes, Cell Science, vol. 2, pp. 100-131, 2006.
[10] M.B. Adinortey, B.A. Gyan, J.P. Adjimani, P.E. Nyarko, A.K. Nyarko, Is there any relationship between haptoglobin phenotype and retinopathy among Ghanaian diabetics? J Ghana Sci Ass, vol. 11(2), 9-15, 2009.
[11] WHO, Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1, Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Geneva, World Health Organization, (WHO/NCD/NCS/99.2), 1999.
[12] Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure, The Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC VI). Arch Intern Med, vol. 157, pp. 2413–2446, 1997.
[13] F.J. Fowkes, H. Imrie, F. Migot-Nabias, P. Michon, A. Justice, P. Deloron, A.D. Lufty, K.P. Day, Association of haptoglobin levels with age, parasite density, and haptoglobin genotype in a malaria-endemic area of Gabon, Am J Trop Med Hyg, vol. 74(1), 26-30, 2006.
[14] WHO, Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2010. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2011.
[15] M.B. Adinortey, B.A. Gyan, J.P. Adjimani, P.E. Nyarko, C. Sarpong, F.Y. Tsikata, A.K. Nyarko, Haptoglobin polymorphism and association with complications in Ghanaian type 2 diabetic patients, Indian J Clin Biochem, vol. 26(4), pp. 366-372, 2011.
[16] I.K. Quaye, G. Ababio, A.G. Amoah, Haptoglobin 2-2 phenotype is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes in Ghana, J Atheroscler Thromb, vol. 13, 90-94, 2006.
[17] M.W. Knuiman, T.A. Welborn, V.J. McCann K.G. Stanton, I.J. Constable, Prevalence of diabetic complications in relation to risk factors, Diabetes, vol. 35, pp. 1332–1339, 1986.
[18] A. Nyarko, K. Adubofour, F. Ofei, J. Kpodonu, S. Owusu, Serum lipid and lipoprotein levels in Ghanaians with diabetes mellitus and hypertension, J Natl Med Assoc, vol. 89, pp. 191–196, 1997.
[19] S.H. Atkinson, T.W. Mwangi, S.M. Uyoga, E. Ogada, A.W. Macharia, K. Marsh, A.M. Prentice, T.N. Williams, The haptoglobin 2-2 genotype is associated with a reduced incidence of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children on the coast of Kenya, Clin Infect Dis, vol. 44, pp. 802-809, 2007.
[20] I. Kasvosve, Z.A.R. Gomo, E. Mvundura, V.M. Moyo, T. Saungweme, H. Khumalo, V.R. Gordeuk, J.R. Boelaert, J.R. Delanghe, D. De Bacquer, I.T. Gangaidzo, Haptoglobin polymorphism and mortality in patients with tuberculosis Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, vol. 4, pp. 771-775, 2000.
[21] S. Awadallah, M. Hamad, A study of haptoglobin phenotypes in patients with chronic renal failure. Ann Clin Biochem, vol. 40(6), pp. 680-683, 2003.
[22] M.P. Stern, R.E. Ferrell, M. Rosenthal, S.M. Haffner, H.P. Hazuda, Association between NIDDM, RH blood group, and haptoglobin phenotype. Results from the San Antonio Heart Study. Diabetes vol. 4, pp. 387-391, 1986.
[23] A.P. Levy, I. Hochberg, K. Jablonski, H.E. Resnick, E.T. Lee, L. Best, B.V. Howard; Strong Heart Study, Haptoglobin phenotype is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in individuals with diabetes, The Strong Heart Study. J Am Coll Cardiol, vol. 40(11), pp.1984-1990, 2002.
[24] M. Melamed-Frank, O. Lache, B.I. Enav, T. Szafranek, N.S. Levy, R.M. Ricklis, A.P. Levy, Structure-function analysis of the antioxidant properties of haptoglobin. Blood, vol. 98(13), pp. 3693-3698, 2001.
[25] R. Asleh, J. Guetta, S. Kalet-Litman, R. Miller-Lotan, A.P. Levy, Haptoglobin genotype- and diabetes-dependent differences in iron-mediated oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo, Circ Res. vol. 96(4), pp. 435-441, 2005.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Charles Brown, Benedicta Awisi, Harry Asmah, Batholomew Dzudzor, Anita Ghansah. (2014). Association between Haptoglobin Genotype Polymorphism and Type Two (2) Diabetes in Accra, Ghana. American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences, 1(4), 103-109. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20130104.15

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Charles Brown; Benedicta Awisi; Harry Asmah; Batholomew Dzudzor; Anita Ghansah. Association between Haptoglobin Genotype Polymorphism and Type Two (2) Diabetes in Accra, Ghana. Am. J. Biomed. Life Sci. 2014, 1(4), 103-109. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20130104.15

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Charles Brown, Benedicta Awisi, Harry Asmah, Batholomew Dzudzor, Anita Ghansah. Association between Haptoglobin Genotype Polymorphism and Type Two (2) Diabetes in Accra, Ghana. Am J Biomed Life Sci. 2014;1(4):103-109. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20130104.15

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ajbls.20130104.15,
      author = {Charles Brown and Benedicta Awisi and Harry Asmah and Batholomew Dzudzor and Anita Ghansah},
      title = {Association between Haptoglobin Genotype Polymorphism and Type Two (2) Diabetes in Accra, Ghana},
      journal = {American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences},
      volume = {1},
      number = {4},
      pages = {103-109},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajbls.20130104.15},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20130104.15},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbls.20130104.15},
      abstract = {Polymorphism of the haptoglobin (Hp) gene, characterized by alleles Hp1 and Hp2, gives rise to structurally and functionally distinct Hp protein phenotypes: Hp1-1, Hp2-1, and Hp2-2. The corresponding proteins have structural and functional differences that have influence on a particular disease. For example, Hp genotype is an independent risk factor for diabetic complications. In urban Ghana, type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects at least 6% of adults. The aim of this study was to assess the association between Hp genotype polymorphism in T2DM patients in Accra. The study was a case control one. A total of 100 participants, 50 T2DM patients attending the Diabetes Clinic (Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital) and 50 healthy non-diabetic controls, were involved. Plasma glucose concentration was measured by the glucose-oxidase method. Fasting blood glucose was performed on all subjects except for the individuals with a history of T2DM. Hp genotype was determined by allele specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR produced Hp genotype-specific bands for the Hp1F, Hp1S, and Hp2 alleles. Statistical analyses revealed a significant difference in the Hp genotype distribution between diabetics and non-diabetics (2 = 7.84, df = 2, p = 0.0198). Hp1-1 was the most frequent genotype among non-diabetics (58%) whilst Hp2-2 (38%) was most frequent genotype among diabetics. Majority of the diabetics were found in the Hp1S-1F and Hp2-2 genotype groups for diastolic BP (mmHg), systolic BP (mmHg) and FBG (mM). There was a strong association between DM and Hp2-2 genotype, followed by Hp2-1 (Hp1F-2 > Hp1S- 2) with the least being Hp1-1 (Hp1F-1F, Hp1S-1F, Hp1S-1S). The risk of developing diabetes among people with Hp2-2 and Hp1F-2 genotypes was high. They can therefore be used as markers for an individual developing DM.},
     year = {2014}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Association between Haptoglobin Genotype Polymorphism and Type Two (2) Diabetes in Accra, Ghana
    AU  - Charles Brown
    AU  - Benedicta Awisi
    AU  - Harry Asmah
    AU  - Batholomew Dzudzor
    AU  - Anita Ghansah
    Y1  - 2014/01/20
    PY  - 2014
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20130104.15
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbls.20130104.15
    T2  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
    JF  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
    JO  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
    SP  - 103
    EP  - 109
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-880X
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20130104.15
    AB  - Polymorphism of the haptoglobin (Hp) gene, characterized by alleles Hp1 and Hp2, gives rise to structurally and functionally distinct Hp protein phenotypes: Hp1-1, Hp2-1, and Hp2-2. The corresponding proteins have structural and functional differences that have influence on a particular disease. For example, Hp genotype is an independent risk factor for diabetic complications. In urban Ghana, type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects at least 6% of adults. The aim of this study was to assess the association between Hp genotype polymorphism in T2DM patients in Accra. The study was a case control one. A total of 100 participants, 50 T2DM patients attending the Diabetes Clinic (Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital) and 50 healthy non-diabetic controls, were involved. Plasma glucose concentration was measured by the glucose-oxidase method. Fasting blood glucose was performed on all subjects except for the individuals with a history of T2DM. Hp genotype was determined by allele specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR produced Hp genotype-specific bands for the Hp1F, Hp1S, and Hp2 alleles. Statistical analyses revealed a significant difference in the Hp genotype distribution between diabetics and non-diabetics (2 = 7.84, df = 2, p = 0.0198). Hp1-1 was the most frequent genotype among non-diabetics (58%) whilst Hp2-2 (38%) was most frequent genotype among diabetics. Majority of the diabetics were found in the Hp1S-1F and Hp2-2 genotype groups for diastolic BP (mmHg), systolic BP (mmHg) and FBG (mM). There was a strong association between DM and Hp2-2 genotype, followed by Hp2-1 (Hp1F-2 > Hp1S- 2) with the least being Hp1-1 (Hp1F-1F, Hp1S-1F, Hp1S-1S). The risk of developing diabetes among people with Hp2-2 and Hp1F-2 genotypes was high. They can therefore be used as markers for an individual developing DM.
    VL  - 1
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Korle -bu – Accra, Ghana

  • Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Korle -bu – Accra, Ghana

  • Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Korle -bu – Accra, Ghana

  • University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Korle -bu – Accra, Ghana

  • Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon – Accra, Ghana

  • Sections