Research Article
Extending Encryption Through Privacy Protection for Healthy Internet in Africa
Abraham Selby*
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, June 2026
Pages:
50-55
Received:
21 July 2025
Accepted:
31 July 2025
Published:
28 April 2026
Abstract: Africa's digital revolution is unfolding at lightning speed, but its success hinges on one fundamental need: protecting people's privacy and personal data. As worries grow about surveillance, cyber threats, and uneven data regulations, encryption emerges as a vital shield for personal information and a cornerstone for building trust online. This paper explores how end-to-end encryption, backed by strong privacy safeguards, can help create a healthier, more resilient internet ecosystem across Africa. We examine the continent's current data privacy landscape, drawing on frameworks like the African Union's Convention on Cybersecurity and Personal Data Protection. The reality reveals significant gaps: weak enforcement, restrictive laws, and infrastructure challenges often block the effective use of encryption to keep people safe. But within these challenges lie clear opportunities for progress. Building a secure digital future isn't a solo effort. This research highlights the essential roles governments, civil society, academics, businesses, and tech experts must play together to champion and implement robust encryption standards. We review key techniques thus protecting data at rest, in transit, and even in use with the focus on their critical importance for securing everyday online activities like shopping, communication, and remote work. Real-world examples from Ghana, South Africa, and Tunisia showcase diverse approaches and their impact on internet health. Ultimately, we make the case for a harmonized regional approach. By fostering true collaboration among all stakeholders, Africa can embed encryption as a foundational element of its digital journey. Prioritizing privacy through encryption isn't just about security; it's about empowering users, enabling inclusive digital economies, and ensuring the internet serves Africa’s people sustainably and fairly.
Abstract: Africa's digital revolution is unfolding at lightning speed, but its success hinges on one fundamental need: protecting people's privacy and personal data. As worries grow about surveillance, cyber threats, and uneven data regulations, encryption emerges as a vital shield for personal information and a cornerstone for building trust online. This pa...
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Research Article
Hormonal Disparities and Training Adaptation Responses: A Longitudinal Comparative Biological Study Among Elite Arab Female Athletes in Endurance and Strength Sports
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, June 2026
Pages:
56-66
Received:
18 March 2026
Accepted:
28 March 2026
Published:
19 May 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.sdph.20260102.12
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Abstract: Background: Sex-based biological differences significantly influence athletic performance and training adaptations, yet female athletes are substantially underrepresented in sports science research (80–90% of studies focus on males). Arab female athletes are virtually absent from the literature despite unique genetic, environmental, and cultural contexts that may modulate training responses. Objective: To investigate hormonal disparities (estradiol, testosterone, cortisol, IGF-1, T3, leptin) and their effects on training adaptation responses among elite Arab female athletes, comparing endurance versus strength sports, while examining modulation by genetic factors (ACTN3 R577X polymorphism) and health challenges (menstrual dysfunction, low energy availability). Methods: A 12-month longitudinal comparative experimental design will recruit 72 elite Arab female athletes (18–35 years) from Egypt, Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Tunisia, equally divided into endurance (long-distance running/swimming) and strength (weightlifting/powerlifting) groups. Measurements include monthly hormonal assays (ELISA/LC-MS), physiological adaptations (VO2max, 1RM, RMR), genetic analysis (ACTN3 PCR-RFLP), energy availability (7-day dietary records, LEAF-Q), and menstrual function monitoring. Statistical analyses include mixed ANOVA, ANCOVA, multiple regression, and Cohen's d effect sizes. Expected Results: Endurance athletes will show 7–9% VO2max improvement associated with estradiol fluctuations (r>0.5); strength athletes will demonstrate 15–20% 1RM increase and 8–9% type II fiber hypertrophy with modest testosterone contributions (r<0.3). Menstrual dysfunction (projected 55% in endurance vs. 35% in strength) and low energy availability (EA<30 kcal/kg FFM/day) will reduce RMR by 6–7% and blunt training adaptations by 30–50%. ACTN3 XX genotype (15–25% frequency) will be associated with enhanced strength gains (2–4% additional 1RM) but increased muscle injury risk (OR 5.9–7.9). Conclusion: This first comprehensive biological study of Arab female athletes will establish evidence-based, culturally-adapted training and nutritional guidelines, addressing the critical research gap in female sports science.
Abstract: Background: Sex-based biological differences significantly influence athletic performance and training adaptations, yet female athletes are substantially underrepresented in sports science research (80–90% of studies focus on males). Arab female athletes are virtually absent from the literature despite unique genetic, environmental, and cultural co...
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