Research Article
Socio-Economic Status of Fennel Growers in Bharatpur District of Rajasthan
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, June 2026
Pages:
68-75
Received:
1 January 2026
Accepted:
15 January 2026
Published:
30 March 2026
Abstract: The study was conducted during the year 2020–21 in Veerampura village of Bharatpur district, Rajasthan, with the objective of assessing the socio-economic status of fennel growers and estimating the costs and returns associated with fennel cultivation across different farm sizes. The area falls under the flood-prone Eastern Plain Zone (3B) of Rajasthan, known for its agro-climatic diversity. A total of 46 fennel growers were selected using purposive non-random sampling, classified into marginal, small, medium, and large farm categories. The study was based on primary data and included variables such as landholding size, family composition, literacy levels, and fixed asset distribution. The study found that the average farm size was 2.14 hectares, with landholdings ranging from 0.67 ha in marginal to 4.41 ha in large farms. The average family size was 5.43 members, and male members formed the majority of the agricultural labor force. Literacy levels were relatively high, with only 17.68% of the farm population being illiterate; marginal farms had the highest literacy rate. Fixed asset values per farm averaged ₹2,17,731.12, increasing with farm size. However, the per hectare value of fixed assets was highest among marginal farms (₹2,35,563), reflecting a more intensive use of resources. Livestock contributed the highest share to fixed assets, followed by machinery and buildings. The analysis concluded that farm size significantly influences socio-economic outcomes. Marginal and small farmers, despite having limited land, exhibited greater mechanization and literacy levels, whereas larger farms benefited from economies of scale but faced higher dependency ratios. These insights are critical for designing effective policies focused on improving resource utilization, income generation, and educational outreach in fennel-growing regions. The ANOVA results found significant differences between the farm-size groups for all the major variables. The findings highlight the need for targeted support to marginal and smallholder farmers to enhance productivity and income.
Abstract: The study was conducted during the year 2020–21 in Veerampura village of Bharatpur district, Rajasthan, with the objective of assessing the socio-economic status of fennel growers and estimating the costs and returns associated with fennel cultivation across different farm sizes. The area falls under the flood-prone Eastern Plain Zone (3B) of Rajas...
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Review Article
Empirical Literature Review on Determinants of Farmers' Access to Agricultural Credit in Ethiopia
Lemma Gutema*
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, June 2026
Pages:
76-82
Received:
8 March 2026
Accepted:
25 March 2026
Published:
7 April 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.sda.20260102.12
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Views:
Abstract: Agriculture plays a fundamental role in Ethiopia’s economy, serving as the main source of livelihood for a large proportion of the rural population. The sector contributes significantly to employment, food supply, and income generation. Nevertheless, its overall performance remains constrained by several structural challenges, among which limited access to agricultural credit is particularly critical for smallholder farmers. This study provides a comprehensive review of existing empirical studies to explore the factors that determine farmers’ access to agricultural credit in Ethiopia and to examine its implications for farm performance. A systematic review methodology was used, drawing on evidence from peer-reviewed journal articles, institutional publications, and reports. The review identifies a range of factors that influence credit accessibility. These include socio-demographic characteristics such as gender, human capital attributes, and farming experience, as well as economic factors. In addition, institutional factors as well as physical factors play an important role in shaping farmers’ ability to obtain credit. Furthermore, the evidence consistently showed that access to agricultural credit was associated with improvements in farm productivity and household income. However, disparities in access persist, with women and resource-poor farmers facing greater barriers to financial services, thereby limiting their capacity to benefit from credit opportunities. Therefore, strengthening inclusive rural financial systems is essential for improving agricultural productivity, enhancing market integration, and supporting long-term agricultural development in Ethiopia. Furthermore, policy intervention should prioritize expanding financial service coverage, addressing structural constraints, and reinforcing institutional support systems to ensure that rural household farmers can access credit on equitable terms.
Abstract: Agriculture plays a fundamental role in Ethiopia’s economy, serving as the main source of livelihood for a large proportion of the rural population. The sector contributes significantly to employment, food supply, and income generation. Nevertheless, its overall performance remains constrained by several structural challenges, among which limited a...
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