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Research Article
Effect of Climate Change Vulnerability on Agriculture, Forestry and Rangel Land Condition in White Nile State, Sudan (A Case Study of El Slam and El Dweim Localities)
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, March 2026
Pages:
1-17
Received:
5 November 2025
Accepted:
19 November 2025
Published:
14 February 2026
Abstract: This study was carried out during 2019 in El Slam and El Dweim localities WhiteNile State (WNS), Sudan with aim to investigate the impact of climate change vulnerability on crop production, forestry and range land in WNS. Three methods for data collection were used (1) Vulnerability assessment by using the satellite images (2) Key informant interview (KII), and (3) Focus group Discussion (FGD). The results showed that the main field crops in the two localities are sorghum, sesame, mellit, groundnut and watermelon and vegetable crops. Crop production was highly affected by climatic and non-climatic factors which include; low and erratic rainfall, outbreak of pest and diseases (striga), lack of improve seeds, lack of proper storage capacity, flooding especially, mono-cropping which lead to soil deterioration and striga infestation, lack of financial support and poor extension services. The remote sensing data from 2000-2018, showed that the forest cover in El Salam locality was decreased from 365,726 ha in 2000 to 147,089 ha in 2018 about 250,282 ha of the forest land were converted to non-forest land including 41% to agricultural land and 26% to grazing land. In contrast in El Dweim locality the results showed slight improvement in forest cover. The range condition in the two localities was deteriorated compared with the past periods. In Elsalam locality the range land was estimated at 264,702 ha in 2000, by year 2018 almost 85% of these areas were converted to non-grassland as follows:(75%) to agriculture land and (10%) to urban areas. In El Dweim locality the decrease is about 52%. Generally, the deterioration of the range land can be attributed to many factors such as low and erratic rainfall, fodder shortage, poor distribution of water point, fire outbreak and speared of invader species. The study recommended many intervention to improve agriculture production such as the dissemination of improved seeds (drought resistant and early maturing); promotion of vegetable production to improve nutrition. For bothforest and rangeland condition which include; planting of 10% of the area of the agricultural land with forest trees; establishment of shelterbelts and promotion of social forestry; and enforcement of natural resourceslegislation, provision of improved stove and LPG, introduction of agroforestry systems, establishment of community forestry, provision of tree seedlings, rehabilitation ofdegraded range land, opening of fire lines and provide new water.
Abstract: This study was carried out during 2019 in El Slam and El Dweim localities WhiteNile State (WNS), Sudan with aim to investigate the impact of climate change vulnerability on crop production, forestry and range land in WNS. Three methods for data collection were used (1) Vulnerability assessment by using the satellite images (2) Key informant intervi...
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Research Article
Production, Quality Characteristics and Beta Carotene Content of Kamu (Dried Millet Powder) from Chakti and Jirani Millet as Affected by Addition of Groundnut Flour
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, March 2026
Pages:
18-26
Received:
11 September 2025
Accepted:
26 September 2025
Published:
14 February 2026
Abstract: Kamu (dried millet powder) is a non-carbonated and non-alcoholic beverage produced from cereal grain such as millet, maize and sorghum popularly consumed in Nigeria, which serves as meal for children and adults across all ages. This study investigates the effect of groundnut flour addition in kamu (dried millet powder) produced from chakti and jirani millet variety with groundnut flour. The proximate composition, mineral content, functional properties, microbial and sensory attributes were determined using standard methods. Results showed that the addition of groundnut flour significantly increased the protein and fat contents of kamu (dried millet powder), where sample C and F had the highest protein content of 11.05% and 10.95%, and higher fat content of 8.85% and 8.39%. Iron content of sample C and F was 3.15 and 3.20mg/100g while the zinc content of sample E and F was 3.60 and 3.52mg/100g was found to be higher. Bulk density increased and water absorption capacity tends to decreased with substitution with groundnut flour. Total bacterial count increased from 2.0×104 to 4.5×104 cfu/g, while the total fungal count decreased from 4.4×104 to 3.3×104 cfu/g. with increased in groundnut flour substitution. Kamu (dried millet powder) from chakti substituted with groundnut flour was more accepted than kamu (dried millet powder) produced from jirani substituted with groundnut flour in all the sensory attributes such; taste 7.35, colour 7.45, texture 7.55, appearance 7.60 and overall acceptability 7.75. It can be concluded that addition of groundnut flout in kamu samples produced from chakti millet variety and groundnut tends to improve the nutritional value.
Abstract: Kamu (dried millet powder) is a non-carbonated and non-alcoholic beverage produced from cereal grain such as millet, maize and sorghum popularly consumed in Nigeria, which serves as meal for children and adults across all ages. This study investigates the effect of groundnut flour addition in kamu (dried millet powder) produced from chakti and jira...
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Research Article
Climate, Agriculture, and Economic Growth in Tunisia:
A Dynamic and Asymmetric Analysis Covering the Period 1974–2023
Mohamed Riadh Cherif*
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, March 2026
Pages:
27-42
Received:
7 July 2025
Accepted:
21 July 2025
Published:
20 February 2026
Abstract: This study examines the dynamic and asymmetric interrelationships between climate factors, agricultural performance, and economic growth in this country over the period 1974-2023. We use an advanced econometric approach combining ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag), NARDL (Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag), and QARDL (Quantile Autoregressive Distributed Lag) models to analyze the nonlinear effects of climate variables (temperature and precipitation) on agricultural productivity and GDP per capita. The results highlight significant and heterogeneous climate effects, with notable asymmetry: a 1°C increase reduces agricultural GDP by 1.2% in the long term, while an equivalent decrease has no significant effect. Rainfall deficits have a greater impact on agricultural production than surpluses, with an amplified effect during periods of recession (2.3 times greater). Quantile analysis highlights structural disparities: small producers depend on imports to adapt, while large farms, although more productive, are vulnerable to heat and water stress. Robustness tests confirmed the validity of the models, with stable residuals and proven cointegration. These results highlight the need for differentiated policies, including: (1) progressive water pricing to limit overexploitation of groundwater; (2) targeted subsidies to encourage the adoption of water-efficient irrigation technologies; (3) training programs for smallholders to promote resilient practices. The study makes a significant contribution to the existing literature by proposing an innovative methodological framework for analyzing asymmetric climate effects in vulnerable agricultural economies, with direct implications for national resilience strategies, including.
Abstract: This study examines the dynamic and asymmetric interrelationships between climate factors, agricultural performance, and economic growth in this country over the period 1974-2023. We use an advanced econometric approach combining ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag), NARDL (Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag), and QARDL (Quantile Autoregress...
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Research Article
Design and Performance Evaluation of Engine Operated Mango (Mangifera Indica L.) Fruits Size Grading Machine
Abdo Hussien*
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, March 2026
Pages:
43-49
Received:
23 December 2025
Accepted:
20 January 2026
Published:
21 February 2026
Abstract: Mango is a tropical fruit of highly seasonal, the most popular fruits and graded manual in Ethiopia. Hence, manual grading is time consuming, requires more labor and low output. So, this study was under taken with aims of design and evaluate engine operated mango fruits size grading machine. The grader consists of mainframe, feeding table, grading unit, grading unit cover, outlets, collection boxes, engine sit, and wheel, handle and power transmission system. The experimental design used was factorial in a completely randomized design with two factors (three levels of speeds and feed rate with three replications). The maximum grading capacity of 2584.86kg/h, grading efficiency of 90.66%, fruit damage of 2.67%, 2.88 (mL/kg) respectively were obtained. Statistically, the main and interaction of speed and feed rate had a significant effect on grading capacity, grading efficiency, percent of fruit damage and fuel of mango fruits size grading machine at (p < 0.05). Generally, it can be concluded that mango fruits size grading machine was simple in design, evaluation, easy in operation, and found to be suitable for medium-scale farmers, retailers and whole sellers.
Abstract: Mango is a tropical fruit of highly seasonal, the most popular fruits and graded manual in Ethiopia. Hence, manual grading is time consuming, requires more labor and low output. So, this study was under taken with aims of design and evaluate engine operated mango fruits size grading machine. The grader consists of mainframe, feeding table, grading ...
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