Research Article
Evaluation of a Novel Ion-Exchange Resin, St-70, with a Cross-Linking Degree of 40% and Various Numbers of Methylene Groups in the Porous Shell
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 4, August 2025
Pages:
76-86
Received:
3 July 2025
Accepted:
21 July 2025
Published:
27 August 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijpc.20251104.11
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Abstract: The complex relationship between the molecular structure of ion-exchange resins and carbohydrate elution presents a challenge for the development of polymer materials for high-performance liquid chromatography under a wide range of conditions. We evaluated the effect of the number of methylene groups in the functional chain of the shell on carbohydrate separation. Core-shell ion-exchange resins with a monomer weight ratio of 30:70 (denoted as St-70) were synthesized with a constant cross-linking degree of 40%. The number of methylene groups in the functional chain of the porous polymer shell was varied from two to six (denoted as St-70 (40% Me:2, 4, and 6)) to analyze the carbohydrate separation performance under strongly alkaline conditions. A mixture of inositol, glucose, fructose, and sucrose was separated using a 0.10 or 0.15 mol/L NaOH eluent at flow rates of 0.3-0.7 mL/min. As the number of methylene groups increased, glucose, fructose, and sucrose for St-70 (40% Me:4) at flow rates of 0.3-0.7 mL/min with 0.10 mol/L NaOH eluent showed the largest retention times. The carbohydrates for St-70 (40% Me:4) at flow rates of 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7 mL/min showed the largest theoretical plate numbers when the number of methylene groups was changed from two to six. These results suggest that St-70 core-shell ion-exchange resins are highly efficient for carbohydrate analyses. Their suitability under strongly alkaline conditions facilitates their effective use in electrochemical detection.
Abstract: The complex relationship between the molecular structure of ion-exchange resins and carbohydrate elution presents a challenge for the development of polymer materials for high-performance liquid chromatography under a wide range of conditions. We evaluated the effect of the number of methylene groups in the functional chain of the shell on carbohyd...
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Review Article
Exploring the Role of Lutein in Eye Health
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 4, August 2025
Pages:
87-93
Received:
15 October 2024
Accepted:
23 November 2024
Published:
28 August 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijpc.20251104.12
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Abstract: Lutein, a xanthophyll carotenoid, has gained significant attention for its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, particularly in protecting eye health. Derived from dark green leafy vegetables like spinach and kale, lutein is known for its ability to neutralize harmful free radicals and reduce blue light-induced phototoxic damage in the retina. Research has demonstrated that lutein, through dietary intake, accumulates in the macula, a critical part of the retina, where it, along with zeaxanthin and meso-zeaxanthin, forms the macular pigment, essential for visual function. Studies highlight its effectiveness in lowering the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), as evidenced in the AREDS2 study, and enhancing macular pigment density. Additionally, lutein’s role in diabetic retinopathy is emerging, with experimental models showing reduced retinal oxidative stress and improved visual outcomes following supplementation. Although epidemiological data on lutein's impact on diabetic retinopathy are limited, initial findings suggest its potential therapeutic benefits. The mechanisms by which lutein exerts these effects include neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS), filtering blue light, inhibiting the pro- inflammatory cytokine cascade, and regulating the complement system. Overall, lutein's role in preventing AMD, cataracts, and potentially diabetic retinopathy underscores the importance of adequate dietary intake or supplementation for maintaining optimal eye health.
Abstract: Lutein, a xanthophyll carotenoid, has gained significant attention for its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, particularly in protecting eye health. Derived from dark green leafy vegetables like spinach and kale, lutein is known for its ability to neutralize harmful free radicals and reduce blue light-induced phototoxic damage in ...
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,
Nao Kodama
