Abstract: Malignant tumours of the kidney are rare. Some of these tumours have been associated with AIDS. Renal transitional cell carcinoma is not only rare, but has been rarely reported as an associated AIDS lesion. We report the case of a multifocal, unilateral, renal transitional cell carcinoma found in an acquired cystic,nephrolithiasic, non-functional kidney in an AIDS patient on combined Anti RetroviralTherapy (cART) for 10 years. This case clearly illustrates the transition from a physical lesion (renal calculi) through a dystrophic condition (cystic kidney) to malignant transformation (transitional carcinoma) in a background of immune depression (AIDS) and cART. It is not clear if the immune depression is a risk factor for the tumour. The interaction between the conditions was not investigated in this report. Further studies are required to document the relationship between cystic degeneration, AIDS, cART and progression to transitional cell carcinoma of the kidney, as seen in this case.Abstract: Malignant tumours of the kidney are rare. Some of these tumours have been associated with AIDS. Renal transitional cell carcinoma is not only rare, but has been rarely reported as an associated AIDS lesion. We report the case of a multifocal, unilateral, renal transitional cell carcinoma found in an acquired cystic,nephrolithiasic, non-functional k...Show More
