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Research Article
Response Rates in a COVID-19 Seroepidemiological Survey in Nigeria: Variations by State, Age Group, and Urban-Rural Settings
Kazeem Adewale Osuolale*
,
Adewale Kayode Ojogbede,
Adesola Zaidat Musa,
Oluwagbemiga Olanrewaju Aina,
Tajudeen Akanji Bamidele,
Olufemi Samuel Amoo,
Azuka Patrick Okwuraiwe,
Toyosi Raheem,
Nwachukwu William,
Chinwe Ochu,
Chima Ihemeje,
Ehichioya Ofeimun,
Abdul-rahaman Ahmad,
Abideen Salako,
David Oladele,
Fehintola Ige,
Ifeoma Idigbe,
Fatimah Anwoju,
Aigbe Ohihoin,
Adedeji Abimbola Modupe,
Joseph Shaibu,
Basit Baruwa,
Hussein Abdur-Razzaq,
Bisola Adebayo,
Richard Ikwuogu,
Christian Tetsola,
Gloria Patrick-Ferife,
Nathaniel Enamuotor,
Mildred Okowa,
Cornelius Ohonsi,
Magdalene Egede,
Mustapha Imam,
Muhammad Bashir Bello,
Muhammad Shuaibu Gobir,
Kikelomo Ololade Wright,
Oliver Ezechi,
Ehimario Igumbor,
Babatunde Lawal Salako,
Rosemary Audu
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 1, February 2025
Pages:
1-11
Received:
8 November 2024
Accepted:
23 December 2024
Published:
9 January 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.sjph.20251301.11
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Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has presented substantial global challenges, necessitating a deep understanding of infection dynamics across diverse populations. Seroepidemiological studies offer valuable insights into these dynamics but depend heavily on obtaining representative samples. This study aimed to assess participant response rates across different age groups and residence settings in Nigeria, focusing on three distinct locations: Lagos, Delta, and Sokoto States. The study utilized a probability sampling procedure, employing a two-stage cluster sampling method to select Enumeration Areas (EAs) and then households with equal probability. Data from the sero-epidemiological survey served as secondary data for analyzing response rates. The American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR) Response Rate 4 (RR4) method was applied. Response rates were calculated, and analyses stratified by age and residence were conducted to examine survey response patterns. In Lagos State, response rates varied significantly across age groups and residence settings. Children aged <2 years had a response rate of 87.9%, but a lower survey response rate of 54.3%. The 2-9 years age group had a high response rate of 97.4% with a survey response rate of 75.5%. Adolescents (10-17 years) showed a response rate of 99.3% and a survey response rate of 83.5%. Adults aged 18-64 years had a response rate of 99.2% and a survey response rate of 86.8%. The 65+ years age group showed a response rate of 96.3% and a survey response rate of 85.9%. Urban areas had a higher response rate (99.1%) compared to rural areas (95.2%), with corresponding survey response rates of 85.5% and 73.1%, respectively. Sokoto State presented lower response rates, particularly among children aged <2 years (4.3%) and the elderly (65+ years) at 19.8%. Urban areas in Sokoto had significant challenges, with an overall response rate of 35.9% and a survey response rate of 4.1%. In contrast, Delta State showed more consistent results, with response rates of 93.2% overall and a survey response rate of 81.8%. The study highlights variations in response and survey response rates across different age groups and residence settings in Lagos, Delta and Sokoto States. These findings underscore the importance of considering demographic and geographic factors when interpreting seroepidemiological data.
Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has presented substantial global challenges, necessitating a deep understanding of infection dynamics across diverse populations. Seroepidemiological studies offer valuable insights into these dynamics but depend heavily on obtaining representative samples. This study aimed to assess participant response rates across different...
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Research Article
Uncommon Life-threatening Complication of Anti Tuberculosis Treatment
Dushantha Madegedara*,
Dhananjaya Ranathunga,
Dilky Hirushika Madegedara Rathnayake,
Damith Nissanka
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 1, February 2025
Pages:
12-16
Received:
5 December 2024
Accepted:
16 December 2024
Published:
14 January 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.sjph.20251301.12
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Abstract: This case report details the occurrence of adrenal insufficiency in a 46-year-old male undergoing anti-tuberculosis (TB) treatment. The patient developed clinical symptoms indicative of adrenal insufficiency on the fourth day following the initiation of anti-Tuberculosis treatment which consisted of rifampicin, a key component of the TB treatment regimen. Initial symptoms at fourth day of treatment included postural dizziness, fatigue, nausea, and abdominal pain. His biochemical investigations revealed hypoglycemia, hyperkalemia, mild metabolic acidosis, and a disproportionately low random cortisol level during the acute presentation. A diagnosis of rifampicin-induced adrenal insufficiency was strongly suspected, supported by clinical presentation and the temporal relationship to therapy initiation. The patient was subsequently transferred to the intensive care unit and his condition improved only after initiating, administering of hydrocortisone and discontinuing rifampicin therapy. Following stabilization, an alternative anti-TB regimen excluding rifampicin was introduced. The patient showed gradual clinical improvement with hydrocortisone therapy and continued TB treatment. The report discusses clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, management, and the importance of recognizing this potential life-threatening adverse effect providing insight into the critical need for increased awareness and early recognition of adrenal insufficiency as a rare but potentially life-threatening complication of anti-tuberculosis therapy, extending the importance to guiding clinical vigilance and treatment protocols. This case serves an important reference and supports the routine monitoring of adrenal function during rifampicin therapy to guide future clinical practice.
Abstract: This case report details the occurrence of adrenal insufficiency in a 46-year-old male undergoing anti-tuberculosis (TB) treatment. The patient developed clinical symptoms indicative of adrenal insufficiency on the fourth day following the initiation of anti-Tuberculosis treatment which consisted of rifampicin, a key component of the TB treatment r...
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Research Article
Perceptions and Behavioral Practices Concerning Rabies Among Rural Populations in Senegal, with a View to Adjusting Individual and Collective Preventive Policies and Measures
Amadou Ibra Diallo*,
Khardiatou Barro,
Fatoumata Binetou Diongue,
Mouhamadou Faly Ba,
Adama Sow,
Mamadou Moustapha Ndiaye,
Lamine Gaye,
Ibrahima Ndiaye,
Mbayang Ndiaye,
Oumar Bassoum,
Jean Augustin Diègane Tine,
Ndèye Marème Sougou,
Mayassine Diongue,
Mamadou Makhtar Mbacké Lèye,
Adama Faye,
Ibrahima Seck
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 1, February 2025
Pages:
17-34
Received:
18 December 2024
Accepted:
6 January 2025
Published:
17 January 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.sjph.20251301.13
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Abstract: Introduction: Rabies is a 100% fatal disease once it has been confirmed. In 2020, it was estimated at more than 60,000 deaths worldwide. Hence this study of the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the population of Niakhene in Senegal, with a view to producing evidence for behavioral change. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical survey of subjects aged 18 and over living in the commune of Niakhene. A sample of 300 individuals was drawn from a two-stage cluster survey stratified by age and sex. The data collected concerned knowledge of the signs of the disease, the vector, modes of transmission, vaccination attitudes and preventive measures taken in the event of bites. Analysis was performed using R 4.2.2 software. Results: The average age of the respondents was 35.3±16.9 years. They were female, married and not attending school in 52.3%, 65.7% and 67.7% of cases respectively. It was noted that 40% of respondents thought rabies was suspected in the presence of a behavioral disorder and 36% in the event of a dog bite. Of the 22 people who owned a dog, none had been vaccinated. Less than one per cent said that the wound should be washed with soap and water. The main source of information about rabies was friends and family (69.3%). Improved knowledge was associated with advancing age, with 25-39-year-old 4.6 times more likely (95% CI [2.2-10.1]), 40-59-year-old 8.8 times more likely [2.9-30.4] and over 60-year-old 3.6 times more likely [1.3-10.8]) than under 25-year-old. Those with secondary education or higher (ORaj = 6.28 [2.2-19.5]) and who had been made aware of rabies by friends and family (ORaj = 18.8 [9.42-38.0]) were more likely to have better knowledge of rabies. In terms of attitudes, good knowledge of rabies (ORaj = 2.48 [1.45-4.26]) was associated with vaccinating the dog. Similarly, good knowledge of rabies (ORaj = 3.23 [1.56-6.84]) and the fact of vaccinating one's dog (ORaj = 12.4 [5.96- 27.8]) were associated with the fact that vaccination would prevent rabies. Good practice was influenced by better knowledge (ORaj =4.41 [2.00-9.87]) and a positive attitude towards vaccinating the dog (ORaj = 2.63 [1.23- 5.52]). Conclusion: It would be imperative for human and animal medicine authorities to work together in a One Heath approach to propose communication strategies not only to increase knowledge but also to adopt good practice to improve prevention against the most common and most serious zoonotic diseases.
Abstract: Introduction: Rabies is a 100% fatal disease once it has been confirmed. In 2020, it was estimated at more than 60,000 deaths worldwide. Hence this study of the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the population of Niakhene in Senegal, with a view to producing evidence for behavioral change. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive an...
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Research Article
Designing a University Nicotine Cessation Program to Address Consumption Among Undergraduate Students
Michelle Gamber*,
Ericka Rohrbaugh
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 1, February 2025
Pages:
35-44
Received:
21 December 2024
Accepted:
3 January 2025
Published:
21 January 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.sjph.20251301.14
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Abstract: Background: The aim of this study was to understand student’s nicotine consumption habits in order to design a campus nicotine cessation campaign. Methods: This study employed a quantitative cross-sectional research design. Over the course of 16 days, a survey was used to collect 146 responses from SU students. This 63-question survey was created to explore the preferred nicotine use patterns of undergraduate students at Shenandoah University’s. Results: Of the students surveyed, 41% reported having used or tried a nicotine product. Students reported being the most likely to have tried smoking an e-cigarette/vape product, and least likely to try using chewing tobacco or snuff products. Most first-time nicotine use for surveyed students occurred between the ages of 15-18 years. Conclusion: The data highlighted a need for greater tobacco education on this campus. The results guided the creation of the educational materials to ensure the information was relevant to the needs of the community. Additionally, a nicotine cessation program was created for SU’s Wilkins Wellness Center.
Abstract: Background: The aim of this study was to understand student’s nicotine consumption habits in order to design a campus nicotine cessation campaign. Methods: This study employed a quantitative cross-sectional research design. Over the course of 16 days, a survey was used to collect 146 responses from SU students. This 63-question survey was created t...
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Research Article
Relationship Between Healthcare Providers and Patients in Bangladesh
Naima Akhter Lina*
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 1, February 2025
Pages:
45-52
Received:
5 September 2024
Accepted:
8 October 2024
Published:
10 February 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.sjph.20251301.15
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Abstract: Bangladesh is a fast developing country. One of the most important basic needs is healthcare. If the people are healthy, they can work well for the well-being of the nation. Healthcare in Bangladesh is a very important issue as it is a country of vast population. It relies totally on government for finance and policy. The healthcare system faces multiple challenges in our country. According to the world health organization (WHO) 2010, only 3% of GPD is spent on healthcare service. Government expenditure on healthcare is only about 34% of the total health expenditure (THE) the rest 66% is out of expenses (OOP). Though government and public healthcare is affordable still patients face different kinds of challenges and private healthcare services are costly. This paper aims to review the opportunities and challenges in healthcare service through secondary data. Along with it some case studies have been provided to show the relationship between the healthcare providers and the patients. Questionnaire has been provided to a target group to see the satisfaction level of general patients. The findings may help the researchers for further in-depth research on healthcare and the government policy maker to review the healthcare policy for the betterment of the people of Peoples Republic of Bangladesh.
Abstract: Bangladesh is a fast developing country. One of the most important basic needs is healthcare. If the people are healthy, they can work well for the well-being of the nation. Healthcare in Bangladesh is a very important issue as it is a country of vast population. It relies totally on government for finance and policy. The healthcare system faces mu...
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Research Article
Characterising Radiation Risks: Developing Scientifically-Based Protection Standards Through Radiation Health Physics Research
Makoye John,
Rose Mina*
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 1, February 2025
Pages:
53-61
Received:
23 January 2024
Accepted:
23 November 2024
Published:
11 February 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.sjph.20251301.16
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Abstract: Radiation protection standards aim to balance public health with enabling beneficial uses of radiation technologies. However, characterizing risks from ionizing radiation exposure presents ongoing scientific challenges, particularly at low doses where epidemiological data is limited. Continued research supporting robust risk quantification remains essential for establishing evidence-based protection policies as technologies and understanding progress. Numerous epidemiological cohorts have provided vital long-term follow-up data on cancer risks from high-dose exposures such as from atomic bombs in Japan. Analysing this dataset remains important for disentangling effects of dose and dose-rate. More recent international collaborative efforts are focusing on populations with lower-dose occupational or medical exposures through pooled analyses merging country-specific databases. Key research priorities include further exploring transmission of risks across generations as well as variations in individual susceptibility that could impact risk prediction. Cornerstone of optimization and providing the safest working conditions for those working in the nuclear industry. Large collaborative databases present opportunities to address limitations through standardized characterization of endpoints and robust dosimetry across settings like occupation and medical radiation exposure history. This paper argues sustained global commitment across disciplinary research remains essential for most accurately characterizing radiation dangers to better guide radiation protection policies worldwide. This paper reviews advances and limitations in current understanding through multidisciplinary research efforts.
Abstract: Radiation protection standards aim to balance public health with enabling beneficial uses of radiation technologies. However, characterizing risks from ionizing radiation exposure presents ongoing scientific challenges, particularly at low doses where epidemiological data is limited. Continued research supporting robust risk quantification remains ...
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Research Article
Cervical Cancer in the Health Zeguere Area, Kolondièba District, Sikasso Region, June 2024
Togola Abdou*,
Diakité Soungalo,
Traoré Bouyagui,
Diarra Aboudou,
Koné Aminata,
Sangho Oumar,
Sidibé Toumani,
Koné Yacouba,
Togola Ousmane Boua,
Togola Aboubacar,
Barry Djibril,
Ballayira Yaya,
Doucouré Boubakar,
Traoré Dramane,
Traoré Benoît,
Koné Abdoulaye,
Keita Hanine,
Sidibé Youssouf,
Dembélé Yacouba,
Coulibaly Cheick Abou,
Bah Oumar
Issue:
Volume 13, Issue 1, February 2025
Pages:
62-69
Received:
1 January 2025
Accepted:
24 January 2025
Published:
21 February 2025
DOI:
10.11648/j.sjph.20251301.17
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Abstract: Introduction: Cervical cancer is a new tissue formation due to excessive, abnormal, anarchic and autonomous cell proliferation that develops at the expense of the uterine cervix. In sub-Saharan Africa, with more than 75,000 new cases and nearly 50,000 deaths per year; The Kolondièba health district regularly records suspected cases of cervical cancer, 473 women screened 68 were positive including 3 suspected cases of cervical cancer in 2022. Finally the health area in 2024, 3 positive cases out of 16 women screened June 9, 2024; during the 23rd week of the year 2024, the CSCom recorded 3 positive cases of cervical cancer, following this an investigation was considered by the management team to determine the frequency and risk factors of the disease. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional, analytical descriptive study from June 5 to 15, 2024, examined medical records and carried out an active search for partners in the community in order to identify and refer them to an early screening center. Result: This is a cervical cancer screening campaign, of which 18.75% of women screened were positive with IVA / IVL test, 37% of women screened had the STI, 56% had their first sexual intercourse between the ages of 12 and 14. The literature review and active research allowed us to raise awareness among partners about risk factors. The cases were referred to a care center. Conclusion: The investigation allowed us to be sure that sexual partners and negative cases were sensitized and educated on the risk factors of cervical cancer.
Abstract: Introduction: Cervical cancer is a new tissue formation due to excessive, abnormal, anarchic and autonomous cell proliferation that develops at the expense of the uterine cervix. In sub-Saharan Africa, with more than 75,000 new cases and nearly 50,000 deaths per year; The Kolondièba health district regularly records suspected cases of cervical canc...
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