Research Article
Thermal and Airflow Modelling of a Natural Convection Solar Dryer for Okra Drying Under Central African Climatic Conditions
Abdelkerim Ahmat Abdelkerim*
,
Seid Fadoul Adoum,
Yaya Dagal Dari,
Abakar Mahamat Tahir,
Tamba Jean Gaston
Issue:
Volume 15, Issue 2, April 2026
Pages:
56-61
Received:
19 March 2026
Accepted:
27 March 2026
Published:
15 April 2026
Abstract: Post-harvest losses of perishable agricultural products remain a significant challenge in Central Africa, particularly in regions such as N'Djamena, where high ambient temperatures and limited access to preservation technologies accelerate food spoilage. Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), widely consumed in the region, is especially susceptible to deterioration due to its high moisture content. Solar drying offers a sustainable and energy-efficient solution to extend shelf life while maintaining product quality. This study presents a comprehensive thermal and airflow modeling of an indirect natural convection solar dryer for okra drying under typcal Central African climatic conditions. The proposed model integrates the fundamental mechanisms of buoyancy-driven airflow, convective heat transfer, and moisture diffusion within a coupled framework based on the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy. Airflow within the system is induced by the stack effect resulting from temperature differences between the inlet and outlet, leading to continuous natural circulation of air through the dryer. The thermal performance of the system is analyzed through energy balance equations applied to both the solar collector and the drying chamber. The drying process is further characterized using a thin-layer drying approach, allowing the prediction of moisture removal over time. Climatic conditions representative of the region, including high solar radiation and low relative humidity, are incorporated into the model. The results indicate that increased solar radiation enhances air temperature and airflow rate, thereby improving drying efficiency. The drying process occurs predominantly in the falling-rate period, suggesting that internal moisture diffusion governs the kinetics. Overall, the study demonstrates that natural convection solar dryers are well adapted to semi-arid environments and provide an effective, low-cost solution for reducing post-harvest losses and improving food preservation.
Abstract: Post-harvest losses of perishable agricultural products remain a significant challenge in Central Africa, particularly in regions such as N'Djamena, where high ambient temperatures and limited access to preservation technologies accelerate food spoilage. Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), widely consumed in the region, is especially susceptible to dete...
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Research Article
Virtual Net Metering: An Innovative Venture in Energy Sector by Maharashtra Government
Nitin Tejmal Kale*,
Amit Aggrawal
Issue:
Volume 15, Issue 2, April 2026
Pages:
62-70
Received:
13 July 2025
Accepted:
7 May 2026
Published:
28 May 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijepe.20261502.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Virtual Net Metering (VNM) is a pioneering regulatory mechanism introduced by the Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission (MERC) to accelerate the adoption of renewable energy, particularly solar power, by enabling multiple electricity consumers to share the benefits of a single offsite solar power installation. This study critically examined the operational framework, policy design, stakeholder impact, and challenges of implementing VNM in Maharashtra. This research employs a mixed-methods approach, incorporating policy analysis, stakeholder interviews, and evaluation of pilot project data from housing societies and public institutions. The results indicate that the VNM enhances energy accessibility, reduces consumer electricity bills, and promotes distributed energy generation. However, issues such as regulatory delays, a lack of consumer awareness, and infrastructural limitations hinder their widespread adoption. This study proposes policy reforms, capacity-building measures, and incentive structures to strengthen the deployment of VNM. Findings position VNM as a transformative tool in achieving the state's clean energy targets, democratizing energy access, and fostering public-private collaboration in the green energy transition. The emergence of Virtual Net Metering (VNM) marks a significant shift in how we approach urban sustainability, particularly within the regulatory landscape of Maharashtra. Traditionally, solar adoption was a privilege reserved for those with ample private roof space. However, through the forward-thinking initiatives of the Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission (MERC), this barrier is being dismantled. VNM functions as a collaborative bridge, allowing diverse groups—from apartment dwellers in high-rises to sprawling public institutions—to collectively invest in and reap the rewards of a single, offsite solar array. It effectively decouples the physical location of energy production from its consumption, making renewable energy a shared community asset rather than a solitary luxury. Our deep dive into the state’s VNM framework reveals a dual narrative of immense potential and practical friction. On one hand, the socioeconomic benefits are undeniable. By analyzing pilot data from housing societies, it is clear that VNM acts as a powerful equalizer, democratizing access to clean energy and providing tangible relief on monthly utility expenditures. It transforms "passive consumers" into "active stakeholders" in the green transition.
Abstract: Virtual Net Metering (VNM) is a pioneering regulatory mechanism introduced by the Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission (MERC) to accelerate the adoption of renewable energy, particularly solar power, by enabling multiple electricity consumers to share the benefits of a single offsite solar power installation. This study critically examined...
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