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Performance Assessment of the IHACRES Model in the Upper Catchment of Dawa Sub-basin, Borna Rangeland, Ethiopia
Wondimu Tolcha,
István Waltner
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, August 2016
Pages:
13-19
Received:
6 June 2016
Accepted:
14 June 2016
Published:
11 July 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.eas.20160102.11
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Abstract: This paper is focused on the applicability of IHACRES model in areas were hydraulic data are the limitation factor. For the existence and development of society, water resources are essential renewable natural resources. Long term stresses such as land use/land cover change and climate change have an effect on hydrologic systems. Widespread land use changes have often been associated with changes in the local hydrology as hydrologic responses of a catchment are influenced by land cover. Proper utilization of these resources requires assessment and management of the quantity and quality of the water resources both spatially and temporally. In order to establish the rainfall-runoff relationships, hydrological models from its simple form of unit hydrograph to rather complex models based on fully dynamic flow equations have been used over the entire world in different circumstance. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the performance of IHACRES in the upper catchment of the Dawa sub basin in southern Ethiopia.
Abstract: This paper is focused on the applicability of IHACRES model in areas were hydraulic data are the limitation factor. For the existence and development of society, water resources are essential renewable natural resources. Long term stresses such as land use/land cover change and climate change have an effect on hydrologic systems. Widespread land us...
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Replica Exchange Using q-Gaussian Swarm Quantum Particle Intelligence Method
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, August 2016
Pages:
20-25
Received:
15 June 2015
Accepted:
1 July 2015
Published:
16 July 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.eas.20160102.12
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Abstract: We present a newly developed Replica Exchange algorithm using q -Gaussian Swarm Quantum Particle Optimization (REX@q-GSQPO) method for solving the problem of finding the global optimum. The basis of the algorithm is to run multiple copies of independent swarms at different values of q parameter. Based on an energy criterion, chosen to satisfy the detailed balance, we are swapping the particle coordinates of neighboring swarms at regular iteration intervals. The swarm replicas with high q values are characterized by high diversity of particles allowing escaping local minima faster, while the low q replicas, characterized by low diversity of particles, are used to sample more efficiently the local basins. We compared the new algorithm with the standard Gaussian Swarm Quantum Particle Optimization (GSQPO) and q-Gaussian Swarm Quantum Particle Optimization (q-GSQPO) algorithms, and found that the new algorithm is more robust in terms of the number of fitness function calls, and more efficient in terms of ability to convergence faster to the global minimum. In additional, we also provide a method for optimally allocating the swarm replicas among different q values. Our algorithm is tested for three benchmark functions, which are known to be multimodal problems, at different dimensionalities.
Abstract: We present a newly developed Replica Exchange algorithm using q -Gaussian Swarm Quantum Particle Optimization (REX@q-GSQPO) method for solving the problem of finding the global optimum. The basis of the algorithm is to run multiple copies of independent swarms at different values of q parameter. Based on an energy criterion, chosen to satisfy the d...
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An Assessment of Work-Related Disorder/Pain Among Computer Users in Nigeria
Edosomwan Joseph Henry,
Edosomwan Taiwo Oluwakemi
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, August 2016
Pages:
35-38
Received:
11 July 2016
Accepted:
19 July 2016
Published:
6 August 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.eas.20160102.14
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Abstract: While using computer to solve problems and add value to live, unfortunately other health problems are incurred by user. The aim of this study is to evaluate these presuppose health problems developed while using computer. Many researches has shown that health injuries like: neck strain, eye strain, hand and wrist pain, low back pain and shoulder pain are triggered while using computer, as a result of long use without break or poor interaction between the computer and the user. To do this work, six computer workstation variables were selected to collect data with the help of questionnaire and checklist. Result gotten from respondents was use to plot statistical tables and analyzed. The study shows that most of computer users complained of work-related disorder because of poor computer workstations design, poor interaction between the user and the computer and long period use of computer without periodic.
Abstract: While using computer to solve problems and add value to live, unfortunately other health problems are incurred by user. The aim of this study is to evaluate these presuppose health problems developed while using computer. Many researches has shown that health injuries like: neck strain, eye strain, hand and wrist pain, low back pain and shoulder pa...
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Agricultural Mechanization: Assessment of Mechanization Impact Experiences on the Rural Population and the Implications for Ethiopian Smallholders
Dagninet Amare,
Wolelaw Endalew
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, August 2016
Pages:
39-48
Received:
11 July 2016
Accepted:
21 July 2016
Published:
12 August 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.eas.20160102.15
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Abstract: Ethiopia is currently at its GTP II program implementation years. In these years, the country is expected to undergo transformation of its economy. The rural Ethiopia is expected to transform itself in many ways including but not limited to demography, farm power, intensification, employment reduction, diversification of livelihoods and most importantly increased productivity. In this aspect, the contribution of appropriate agricultural mechanization cannot be relegated given the research and actual evidences from within and other developing countries. Hence, utilization of appropriate agricultural mechanization is expected to enhance the transformation of rural Ethiopia and lead to a middle income country by 2025. Therefore, this review of literature was undertaken to bring to light the various opportunities of appropriate agricultural mechanization as an input for transformation. It tries to link the different effects of mechanization under a developing economy. Mechanization once implemented with great ambition and ultimate failure has resulted in unfitness to the Ethiopian condition. In addition to land holding and other institutional issues, demography resulted in the idea and conclusion by most Ethiopians that mechanization will not work in Ethiopia at all. The great deviation in assuming the contribution of mechanization to the development process as a whole is intensified by the poor perception of people about it. Most people declare mechanization only refers to tractor and combine harvester. However, mechanization includes the different small and medium agricultural implements used in the production, processing and transporting of agricultural produces. Generally Indian experience shows that mechanization has a positive overall effect on the development of rural areas. With certain opportunity costs especially little displacement of human labor, mechanization having a response coefficient of 0.45 bears an important part of the agricultural production system. However, owing to the land conditions of Ethiopian smallholder what is most important is selective use of mechanization technologies that could increase the technical efficiency of the smallholder through increasing the labor and land productivity. So from the review it is possible to conclude that mechanization of agriculture bears undisputed truth for improving food security, creating employment opportunities, increasing productivity, reducing loss and promoting economic gender empowerment while maintaining environmental degradation to lower levels.
Abstract: Ethiopia is currently at its GTP II program implementation years. In these years, the country is expected to undergo transformation of its economy. The rural Ethiopia is expected to transform itself in many ways including but not limited to demography, farm power, intensification, employment reduction, diversification of livelihoods and most import...
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