Rainwater Quality Index of Selected Communities in Langtang North and South Local Government Areas, Plateau State North-Central Nigeria

Badamasi Jamda Saidu; Daniel Davou Dabi; Augustine Chukwuma Eziashi; Mahmud Mohammed Bose

doi:doi:10.11648/j.sjac.20210901.12

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Rainwater Quality Index of Selected Communities in Langtang North and South Local Government Areas, Plateau State North-Central Nigeria

Badamasi Jamda Saidu, Daniel Davou Dabi, Augustine Chukwuma Eziashi, Mahmud Mohammed Bose

Published in Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry (Volume 9, Issue 1)

Received: 11 June 2020 Accepted: 29 July 2020 Published: 12 January 2021

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Abstract

This study examines the portability of rainwater in Langtang north and south LGAs of Plateau State-Nigeria using arithmetic water quality index method with 10 samples collected directly from zinc and aluminum rooftops in 10 selected communities. Twenty-six water quality parameters were analyzed in the field and laboratory. Temperature, pH, EC, TDS and turbidity were analyzed in the field using appropriate equipment as well as color, odour and taste. The most probable number was used to determine the presence of bacteria, while photometric and the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) were used to determine the concentration of the various chemical parameters (USEPA, 2012). The results revealed unobjectionable taste, color and odour, temperature (26.8-27.5), pH (6.5-7.8), Turbidity (1.8-2.7), Conductivity (20-30), TDS (10-15), Caco₃ (5-10), Ca (2-8), Mg (1-4), SO₄ (1-7), NO₃ (1.3-8.6), Fe (0.01-0.15), Cl (10-32), F (0.001-0.002), Cu (0.01-0.2), Zn (0-1.5), Mn (0-0.02), Cr (0-0.01), Al (0.01-0.06), and total coliform (0-4). Cadmium, Arsenic, Lead, phenols, pesticides, faecal coliform and e-coli were not detected. All parameters tested were within acceptable limits for drinking water. While aluminium catchments do not show any difference in parameter concentrations, zinc catchment revealed increase in Zn concentration with age of materials. Calculated water quality index of samples ranged from 2 to 12 with an overall value of 4.7 indicating excellent water quality for all samples. Based on these results, the paper concludes that the rainwater is of good quality suitable for drinking. However, age of catchment materials may influence rainwater quality in due course through leaching, and therefore recommended regular maintenance of catchments, observance of first flush and avoid use of old roof for RWH.

Published in	Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry (Volume 9, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.sjac.20210901.12
Page(s)	18-25
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Water Quality Monitoring, Drinking Water Safety, WQI, Roof Catchment

References

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Badamasi Jamda Saidu, Daniel Davou Dabi, Augustine Chukwuma Eziashi, Mahmud Mohammed Bose. (2021). Rainwater Quality Index of Selected Communities in Langtang North and South Local Government Areas, Plateau State North-Central Nigeria. Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 9(1), 18-25. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20210901.12

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ACS Style

Badamasi Jamda Saidu; Daniel Davou Dabi; Augustine Chukwuma Eziashi; Mahmud Mohammed Bose. Rainwater Quality Index of Selected Communities in Langtang North and South Local Government Areas, Plateau State North-Central Nigeria. Sci. J. Anal. Chem. 2021, 9(1), 18-25. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20210901.12

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AMA Style

Badamasi Jamda Saidu, Daniel Davou Dabi, Augustine Chukwuma Eziashi, Mahmud Mohammed Bose. Rainwater Quality Index of Selected Communities in Langtang North and South Local Government Areas, Plateau State North-Central Nigeria. Sci J Anal Chem. 2021;9(1):18-25. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20210901.12

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@article{10.11648/j.sjac.20210901.12,
  author = {Badamasi Jamda Saidu and Daniel Davou Dabi and Augustine Chukwuma Eziashi and Mahmud Mohammed Bose},
  title = {Rainwater Quality Index of Selected Communities in Langtang North and South Local Government Areas, Plateau State North-Central Nigeria},
  journal = {Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {18-25},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjac.20210901.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20210901.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjac.20210901.12},
  abstract = {This study examines the portability of rainwater in Langtang north and south LGAs of Plateau State-Nigeria using arithmetic water quality index method with 10 samples collected directly from zinc and aluminum rooftops in 10 selected communities. Twenty-six water quality parameters were analyzed in the field and laboratory. Temperature, pH, EC, TDS and turbidity were analyzed in the field using appropriate equipment as well as color, odour and taste. The most probable number was used to determine the presence of bacteria, while photometric and the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) were used to determine the concentration of the various chemical parameters (USEPA, 2012). The results revealed unobjectionable taste, color and odour, temperature (26.8-27.5), pH (6.5-7.8), Turbidity (1.8-2.7), Conductivity (20-30), TDS (10-15), Caco3 (5-10), Ca (2-8), Mg (1-4), SO4 (1-7), NO3 (1.3-8.6), Fe (0.01-0.15), Cl (10-32), F (0.001-0.002), Cu (0.01-0.2), Zn (0-1.5), Mn (0-0.02), Cr (0-0.01), Al (0.01-0.06), and total coliform (0-4). Cadmium, Arsenic, Lead, phenols, pesticides, faecal coliform and e-coli were not detected. All parameters tested were within acceptable limits for drinking water. While aluminium catchments do not show any difference in parameter concentrations, zinc catchment revealed increase in Zn concentration with age of materials. Calculated water quality index of samples ranged from 2 to 12 with an overall value of 4.7 indicating excellent water quality for all samples. Based on these results, the paper concludes that the rainwater is of good quality suitable for drinking. However, age of catchment materials may influence rainwater quality in due course through leaching, and therefore recommended regular maintenance of catchments, observance of first flush and avoid use of old roof for RWH.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Rainwater Quality Index of Selected Communities in Langtang North and South Local Government Areas, Plateau State North-Central Nigeria
AU  - Badamasi Jamda Saidu
AU  - Daniel Davou Dabi
AU  - Augustine Chukwuma Eziashi
AU  - Mahmud Mohammed Bose
Y1  - 2021/01/12
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20210901.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjac.20210901.12
T2  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
JF  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
JO  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
SP  - 18
EP  - 25
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-8053
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20210901.12
AB  - This study examines the portability of rainwater in Langtang north and south LGAs of Plateau State-Nigeria using arithmetic water quality index method with 10 samples collected directly from zinc and aluminum rooftops in 10 selected communities. Twenty-six water quality parameters were analyzed in the field and laboratory. Temperature, pH, EC, TDS and turbidity were analyzed in the field using appropriate equipment as well as color, odour and taste. The most probable number was used to determine the presence of bacteria, while photometric and the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) were used to determine the concentration of the various chemical parameters (USEPA, 2012). The results revealed unobjectionable taste, color and odour, temperature (26.8-27.5), pH (6.5-7.8), Turbidity (1.8-2.7), Conductivity (20-30), TDS (10-15), Caco3 (5-10), Ca (2-8), Mg (1-4), SO4 (1-7), NO3 (1.3-8.6), Fe (0.01-0.15), Cl (10-32), F (0.001-0.002), Cu (0.01-0.2), Zn (0-1.5), Mn (0-0.02), Cr (0-0.01), Al (0.01-0.06), and total coliform (0-4). Cadmium, Arsenic, Lead, phenols, pesticides, faecal coliform and e-coli were not detected. All parameters tested were within acceptable limits for drinking water. While aluminium catchments do not show any difference in parameter concentrations, zinc catchment revealed increase in Zn concentration with age of materials. Calculated water quality index of samples ranged from 2 to 12 with an overall value of 4.7 indicating excellent water quality for all samples. Based on these results, the paper concludes that the rainwater is of good quality suitable for drinking. However, age of catchment materials may influence rainwater quality in due course through leaching, and therefore recommended regular maintenance of catchments, observance of first flush and avoid use of old roof for RWH.
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Badamasi Jamda Saidu

Department of Geography, Federal University of Kashere, Kashere, Nigeria
Daniel Davou Dabi

Department of Geography and Planning, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
Augustine Chukwuma Eziashi

Department of Geography and Planning, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
Mahmud Mohammed Bose

Department of Geography, Federal University of Kashere, Kashere, Nigeria

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Badamasi Jamda Saidu, Daniel Davou Dabi, Augustine Chukwuma Eziashi, Mahmud Mohammed Bose. (2021). Rainwater Quality Index of Selected Communities in Langtang North and South Local Government Areas, Plateau State North-Central Nigeria. Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 9(1), 18-25. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20210901.12

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ACS Style

Badamasi Jamda Saidu; Daniel Davou Dabi; Augustine Chukwuma Eziashi; Mahmud Mohammed Bose. Rainwater Quality Index of Selected Communities in Langtang North and South Local Government Areas, Plateau State North-Central Nigeria. Sci. J. Anal. Chem. 2021, 9(1), 18-25. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20210901.12

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AMA Style

Badamasi Jamda Saidu, Daniel Davou Dabi, Augustine Chukwuma Eziashi, Mahmud Mohammed Bose. Rainwater Quality Index of Selected Communities in Langtang North and South Local Government Areas, Plateau State North-Central Nigeria. Sci J Anal Chem. 2021;9(1):18-25. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20210901.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.sjac.20210901.12,
  author = {Badamasi Jamda Saidu and Daniel Davou Dabi and Augustine Chukwuma Eziashi and Mahmud Mohammed Bose},
  title = {Rainwater Quality Index of Selected Communities in Langtang North and South Local Government Areas, Plateau State North-Central Nigeria},
  journal = {Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {18-25},
  doi = {10.11648/j.sjac.20210901.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20210901.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjac.20210901.12},
  abstract = {This study examines the portability of rainwater in Langtang north and south LGAs of Plateau State-Nigeria using arithmetic water quality index method with 10 samples collected directly from zinc and aluminum rooftops in 10 selected communities. Twenty-six water quality parameters were analyzed in the field and laboratory. Temperature, pH, EC, TDS and turbidity were analyzed in the field using appropriate equipment as well as color, odour and taste. The most probable number was used to determine the presence of bacteria, while photometric and the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) were used to determine the concentration of the various chemical parameters (USEPA, 2012). The results revealed unobjectionable taste, color and odour, temperature (26.8-27.5), pH (6.5-7.8), Turbidity (1.8-2.7), Conductivity (20-30), TDS (10-15), Caco3 (5-10), Ca (2-8), Mg (1-4), SO4 (1-7), NO3 (1.3-8.6), Fe (0.01-0.15), Cl (10-32), F (0.001-0.002), Cu (0.01-0.2), Zn (0-1.5), Mn (0-0.02), Cr (0-0.01), Al (0.01-0.06), and total coliform (0-4). Cadmium, Arsenic, Lead, phenols, pesticides, faecal coliform and e-coli were not detected. All parameters tested were within acceptable limits for drinking water. While aluminium catchments do not show any difference in parameter concentrations, zinc catchment revealed increase in Zn concentration with age of materials. Calculated water quality index of samples ranged from 2 to 12 with an overall value of 4.7 indicating excellent water quality for all samples. Based on these results, the paper concludes that the rainwater is of good quality suitable for drinking. However, age of catchment materials may influence rainwater quality in due course through leaching, and therefore recommended regular maintenance of catchments, observance of first flush and avoid use of old roof for RWH.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Rainwater Quality Index of Selected Communities in Langtang North and South Local Government Areas, Plateau State North-Central Nigeria
AU  - Badamasi Jamda Saidu
AU  - Daniel Davou Dabi
AU  - Augustine Chukwuma Eziashi
AU  - Mahmud Mohammed Bose
Y1  - 2021/01/12
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20210901.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.sjac.20210901.12
T2  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
JF  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
JO  - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry
SP  - 18
EP  - 25
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-8053
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20210901.12
AB  - This study examines the portability of rainwater in Langtang north and south LGAs of Plateau State-Nigeria using arithmetic water quality index method with 10 samples collected directly from zinc and aluminum rooftops in 10 selected communities. Twenty-six water quality parameters were analyzed in the field and laboratory. Temperature, pH, EC, TDS and turbidity were analyzed in the field using appropriate equipment as well as color, odour and taste. The most probable number was used to determine the presence of bacteria, while photometric and the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) were used to determine the concentration of the various chemical parameters (USEPA, 2012). The results revealed unobjectionable taste, color and odour, temperature (26.8-27.5), pH (6.5-7.8), Turbidity (1.8-2.7), Conductivity (20-30), TDS (10-15), Caco3 (5-10), Ca (2-8), Mg (1-4), SO4 (1-7), NO3 (1.3-8.6), Fe (0.01-0.15), Cl (10-32), F (0.001-0.002), Cu (0.01-0.2), Zn (0-1.5), Mn (0-0.02), Cr (0-0.01), Al (0.01-0.06), and total coliform (0-4). Cadmium, Arsenic, Lead, phenols, pesticides, faecal coliform and e-coli were not detected. All parameters tested were within acceptable limits for drinking water. While aluminium catchments do not show any difference in parameter concentrations, zinc catchment revealed increase in Zn concentration with age of materials. Calculated water quality index of samples ranged from 2 to 12 with an overall value of 4.7 indicating excellent water quality for all samples. Based on these results, the paper concludes that the rainwater is of good quality suitable for drinking. However, age of catchment materials may influence rainwater quality in due course through leaching, and therefore recommended regular maintenance of catchments, observance of first flush and avoid use of old roof for RWH.
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
ER  -

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