A new approach has been developed and validated for the mutual determination of the drugs of amoxicillin (AMX) and Metoclopramide hydrochloride (MCP. HCl) in pharmaceuticals. The method is based on the reaction of diazotized Metoclopramide with amoxicillin in an alkaline medium to form an intense orange water-soluble product which can be easily extracted from micelles of a non-ionic surfactant (Triton X-114) and both drugs measured sequentially at the same absorption maximum of 479 nm. The optimization of all experimental variables was individually performed to obtain high extraction efficiency for both target medicaments. Under the optimized conditions, Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 0.3-3.0 μg mL-1 (r=0.9995) for both AMX and MCP. The enrichment factors were found to 214 and 90.85 fold for AMX and MCP, led to obtaining the detection limits of 0.083 and 0.098 μg mL5, and a superb sensitivity in terms of the molar absorptivity of 2.35x105 and 2.25x10-1 L.mol5.cm-1, respectively. The mean recovery percentage of 97.77±1.72% (in AMX capsule) and 98.20±1.95 (in MCP ampoule); the precision (RSD %) ranged between 2.35-10.8% and 0.20-3.43% were obtained for AMX and MCP respectively. The proposed method was validated and applied for determination of AMX and MCP in various samples of the pharmaceutical preparations.
| Published in | Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry (Volume 4, Issue 5) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.sjac.20160405.12 |
| Page(s) | 66-76 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Amoxicillin, Metoclopramide Hydrochloride, Diazotization Coupling Reaction, Cloud Poin Extraction, Visible Spectrophotometry
| [1] | Z. A-A. Khammas, and N. S. Mundir, “Cloud point extraction spectrophotometric method for mutual determination of Norfloxacin and Iron (III) in human serum and drug formulations,” Chem. Sci. Transactions, 4 (2), pp. 483-497, 2015 |
| [2] | Z. A-A. Khammas and R. A. Rashid,” Mutual determination of Trifluoperazine Hydrochloride and Vanadium (V) ions in real matrices by Visible Spectrophotometry after cloud point extraction”, Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 3 (5), pp.61-70, 2015 |
| [3] | Z. A-A. Khammas and R. A. Rashid,” Visible spectrophotometric analysis for the mutual determination of doxycycline hydrochloride and iron in real samples after cloud point extraction”, Int. J. Chem. Sci., 14 (2), pp. 955-977, 2016 |
| [4] | M. J.O. Neil, The Merck Index. An Encyclopaedia of Chemicals, Drugs and Biologicals. 14th ed. New Jersey. Published by Merck Research Laboratories, Division of Merck and Co. Inc. Whitehouse station, p.313 (2006) |
| [5] | British Pharmacopoeia (Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, London. 2009) [2] United States Pharmacopeia XXXII, National Formulary XXVII, US Pharmacopeial Convention, (Rockville, Maryland (2008) |
| [6] | C. P. Page, M. J. Curtis, M. C. Sutter, M. J. A. Walker,.and B. B.Hoffman, Farmacología Integrada (Ed. Harcourt. España. (1998) |
| [7] | "Interaction between Amoxicillin and Metoclopramide", https://treato. com/Amoxicillin,Metoclopramide/?a=s, free online website |
| [8] | S. M. El-Ashry, F. Belal, M. M. El-Kerdawy, and,D. R. El Wasseef,” Spectrophotometric determination of some phenolic antibiotics in dosage forms”, Mikrochim. Acta,135, pp. 191-196,2000 |
| [9] | S. H. Hesham,” selective spectrophotometric determination of phenolic-lactam antibiotics in pure forms and in their pharmaceutical formulations”, Anal. Chim. Acta, 515, pp. 333–341,2004 |
| [10] | M. Q. H. Al-Abachi, and H. Hadi,” Flow injection spectrophotometric determination of amoxicillin in pharmaceutical samples by coupling with diazotized p-nitroaniline”, Iraqi. J. Mark. Rec. Cons. Protection, 1 (1), pp.105-119,2009 |
| [11] | S. K.B. Freitas, V. L. da Silva, A. N. Araújo, B. S.M. Montenegro, B. F. Reis, and A. P. S. Paim.,” Multicommuted flow analysis method for the photometric determination of amoxicillin in pharmaceutical formulations using a diazo coupling reaction”, J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 22, (2), pp. 279-285, 2011 |
| [12] | W. A. Al-Uzri, “Spectrophotometric determination of amoxicillin in pharmaceutical preparations through diazotization and coupling reaction”, Iraqi J. Sci., 53 (4), pp. 713-723,2012 |
| [13] | Qader, H. A. and Fakhri, N. A., “Spectrophotometric determination of amoxicillin in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms”, Ibn Al-Haitham Journal for Pure and Applied Science, 28 (3),1-11 (2015) |
| [14] | H. D. Revanasiddappa and B. Manju, “A spectrophotometric method for the determination of metoclopramide HCl and dapsone”, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 25 (3-4), pp. 631-637,2001 |
| [15] | J. Shah, M. Rasul Jan, M. Azam Khan and S. Amin, ” Spectrophotometric determination of metoclopramide in pharmaceutical preparations”, J Anal. Chem., 60 (7), pp. 633-635,2005 |
| [16] | A. A. Omran, “Individual and simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of dapsone and metoclopramide HCl in pharmaceutical dosage forms and synthetic binary mixtures”, Chem. Pharm. Bull. 53 (11),pp.1498-1501,2005 |
| [17] | H. D. Revanasiddappa and M. A. Veena, “Sensitive spectrophotometric sdetermination of metoclopramide hydrochloride and dapsone in bulk sample and dosage forms’, ScienceAsia, 32, pp. 319-321,2006 |
| [18] | O. Guzel and A. Salman, ” Spectrophotometric determination of drugs having primary amione group with p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde”, Turkish J. Pharm. Sci., 4 (1), pp. 31 – 39,2007 |
| [19] | R. Sinan and S. S. Abed, “Spectrophotometric determination of metoclopramide hydrochloride in tablets by diazotization and coupling reaction with phenol”, Iraqi J Sci., 50 (2), pp. 136-143,2009 |
| [20] | L. A. Sarsam, S. A. Mohammed and K. M. Al-Abbasi, “Spectrophotometric determination of metoclopramide hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparations using diazotization reaction”, Raf. J. Sci., 22 (.3), pp. 76- 88, 2011 |
| [21] | O. Z. Devi, K. Basavaiah, V. K.B. Vinay and H. D. Revanasiddappa,H. D., ” Determination of metoclopramide hydrochloride in pharmaceuticals and spiked human urine through diazotization reaction”, J. Food and Drug Anal., 20 (2), pp. 454-463, 2012 |
| [22] | A. A. Jawad, and H. K. Kasim, “Spectrophotometric determination of metoclopramide hyderchloride in bulk and pharmaceutical preparations by diazotization- coupling reaction”, Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci.,5 (3), pp. 294-298,2013 |
| [23] | A. N. Alshirifi and M. H.Abbas “New pectrophotometric method for the determination of metoclopramide hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparations based on coupling with doxycycline hyclate”, Int. J. Chem. Sci.: 13 (3), pp. 1093-1108,2015 |
| [24] | M. M. Ibrahim, M. M. Ahmed, Y. A. Al-Amien and A. M. Daf-Allah, “Development and validation of colorimetric method for analysis of metoclopramide hydrochloride in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form using visible spectroscopy”, Int. J. Innov. Pharm. Sci. Res., 3 (11), pp. 1558-1568, 2015 |
| [25] | Z. A-A. Khammas and N. S. Mubdir, “An eco-friendly method for extraction and determination of ciprofloxacin in blood serum and pharmaceuticals”, Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2 (5),pp. 47-54, 2014 |
| [26] | A.B. Tabrizi, “A cloud point extraction-spectrofluorimetric method for determination of thiamine in urine”, Bull. Korean Chem. Soc., 27, pp. 1604-1608,2006 |
| [27] | A. B. Tabrizi, "Determination of mefenamic acid in human urine by means of two spectroscopic method by using cloud point extraction methodology as a tool for treatment of samples", Bull. Korean Chem. Soc., 27, pp. 1780-1784, 2011 |
| [28] | A. B. Tabrizi and M. Harasi, "Applying cloud coint extraction technique for the extraction of oxazepam from human urine as color or fluorescent derivative prior to spectroscopic analysis methods", Drug Testing and Analysis, 4,pp. 145-150,2012 |
| [29] | Minitab version 17, Minitab Inc., State College, PA, USA), 2014 |
| [30] | A. N. Obedagha and R. N. Aljarah, "Development of spectrophotometric method for the determination of Metoclopramide. HCl in pharmaceutical preparations", Raf. J. Sci., 25 (2), pp. 10-21, 2014 |
| [31] | S. S. Abed," Flow injection analysis (FIA) for some organic drug compounds (Spectrophotometric and Kinetic Studies)", Ph. D thesis, University of Baghdad, 2012 |
| [32] | M. Q. Al-Abachi, S. S. Mohmmed and A. J. Hadi," The spectrophotometric determination of Famotidine drug via coupling with diazotized metochlopramide hydrochloride", Baghdad Science Journal, 12 (4),pp. 730-739, 2015 |
| [33] | J. L. Manzoori, and G. Karim-Nezhad,” Development of a cloud point extraction and preconcentration method for Cd and Ni prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination,” Anal. Chim. Acta, 521, pp. 173–177, 2004 |
| [34] | Astrid Gojmerac Ivsic and Biserka Tamhina, “Extraction and Formation of Iron (III) Thiocyanate Complexes: Application for Spectrophotometric Determination of Iron”, Croatica Chemica Atcta, 76 (4,) pp. 323-328,2003 |
| [35] | M. Q. Al-Abachi and S. Subhi, “Flow injection-spectrophotometric determination of phenylephrine hydrochloride and amoxicillin trihydrate in pharmaceutical preparations”, Journal of Al-Nahrain University, 16 (1), pp.24-24, 2013 |
| [36] | M. Q. Al-Abachi and H. Hadi, “Flow injection- spectrophotometric determination of amoxicillin based on its oxidative condensation with 4-aminoantipyrine", Iraqi Journal of Science, 50 (1), pp. 8 – 15, 2009 |
| [37] | N. S. Othman and R. S. AL-Saffar, “Spectrophotometric determination of amoxicillin in pharmaceutical preparations”, International Journal of Enhanced Research in Science Technology and Engineering, 4 (6)pp: (167-173),2015 |
| [38] | P. Nagaraja and A. K. Shrestha, “Spectrophotometric method for the determination of drugs containing phenol group by using 2, 4- Dinitrophenylhydrazine”, E-Journal of Chemistry, 7 (2), pp. 395-402, 2010 |
| [39] | M. Q. Al-Abachi, H. Haddi and A. M. Al-Abachi,” Spectrophotometric determination of amoxicillin by reaction with N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine and potassium hexacyanoferrate (III)”, Anal. Chim. Acta, 554 (1–2), pp. 184–189, 2005 |
| [40] | M. Q. Al-Abachi and H. Hadi,” A developed spectrophotometric determination of amoxicillin forms via charge-transfer reaction with phenol Journal of Al-Nahrain University, 10 (2), pp.1-6, 2007 |
| [41] | M. J. Solanki1, E. V. S. Subrahmanyam, and A. R. Shabaraya,” Development of new analytical method and its validation for the determination of metoclopramide hydrochloride in bulk and marketed formulation” Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, 4 (4), pp. 245-251, 2013 |
| [42] | M. deSouza Silva, L. M. F. S. Saraiva, J. L. M. Santos and J. F. C. Lima,” Sequential injection spectrophotometric determination of metoclopramide in pharmaceutical preparations”, Spectrosc. Lett., 40, pp. 51–61, 2007 |
| [43] | T. N. Al-Sabha, M. T. Al-Obaidi and T. S. Al-Ghabsha,” Colorimetric determination of metoclopramide hydrochloricde and tranexamic acid using 9-chloroacridine reagent", Eur. Chem. Bull., 4 (5), pp. 234-239, 2015 |
| [44] | N. S. Othman, H. Sh. Mahmood, N. A. Khaleel, “Spectrophotometric determination of metoclopramide hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparations via oxidative coupling reaction”, Tikrit Journal of Pure Science, 16 (4),89-95,2011 |
APA Style
Zuhair A-A. Khammas, Hawraa M. Abdulkareem. (2016). A New Visible Spectrophotometric Approach for Mutual Determination of Amoxicillin and Metoclopramide Hydrochloride in Pharmaceuticals After Cloud Point Extraction. Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 4(5), 66-76. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20160405.12
ACS Style
Zuhair A-A. Khammas; Hawraa M. Abdulkareem. A New Visible Spectrophotometric Approach for Mutual Determination of Amoxicillin and Metoclopramide Hydrochloride in Pharmaceuticals After Cloud Point Extraction. Sci. J. Anal. Chem. 2016, 4(5), 66-76. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20160405.12
AMA Style
Zuhair A-A. Khammas, Hawraa M. Abdulkareem. A New Visible Spectrophotometric Approach for Mutual Determination of Amoxicillin and Metoclopramide Hydrochloride in Pharmaceuticals After Cloud Point Extraction. Sci J Anal Chem. 2016;4(5):66-76. doi: 10.11648/j.sjac.20160405.12
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.sjac.20160405.12,
author = {Zuhair A-A. Khammas and Hawraa M. Abdulkareem},
title = {A New Visible Spectrophotometric Approach for Mutual Determination of Amoxicillin and Metoclopramide Hydrochloride in Pharmaceuticals After Cloud Point Extraction},
journal = {Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry},
volume = {4},
number = {5},
pages = {66-76},
doi = {10.11648/j.sjac.20160405.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20160405.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.sjac.20160405.12},
abstract = {A new approach has been developed and validated for the mutual determination of the drugs of amoxicillin (AMX) and Metoclopramide hydrochloride (MCP. HCl) in pharmaceuticals. The method is based on the reaction of diazotized Metoclopramide with amoxicillin in an alkaline medium to form an intense orange water-soluble product which can be easily extracted from micelles of a non-ionic surfactant (Triton X-114) and both drugs measured sequentially at the same absorption maximum of 479 nm. The optimization of all experimental variables was individually performed to obtain high extraction efficiency for both target medicaments. Under the optimized conditions, Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 0.3-3.0 μg mL-1 (r=0.9995) for both AMX and MCP. The enrichment factors were found to 214 and 90.85 fold for AMX and MCP, led to obtaining the detection limits of 0.083 and 0.098 μg mL5, and a superb sensitivity in terms of the molar absorptivity of 2.35x105 and 2.25x10-1 L.mol5.cm-1, respectively. The mean recovery percentage of 97.77±1.72% (in AMX capsule) and 98.20±1.95 (in MCP ampoule); the precision (RSD %) ranged between 2.35-10.8% and 0.20-3.43% were obtained for AMX and MCP respectively. The proposed method was validated and applied for determination of AMX and MCP in various samples of the pharmaceutical preparations.},
year = {2016}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - A New Visible Spectrophotometric Approach for Mutual Determination of Amoxicillin and Metoclopramide Hydrochloride in Pharmaceuticals After Cloud Point Extraction AU - Zuhair A-A. Khammas AU - Hawraa M. Abdulkareem Y1 - 2016/10/18 PY - 2016 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20160405.12 DO - 10.11648/j.sjac.20160405.12 T2 - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry JF - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry JO - Science Journal of Analytical Chemistry SP - 66 EP - 76 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2376-8053 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.sjac.20160405.12 AB - A new approach has been developed and validated for the mutual determination of the drugs of amoxicillin (AMX) and Metoclopramide hydrochloride (MCP. HCl) in pharmaceuticals. The method is based on the reaction of diazotized Metoclopramide with amoxicillin in an alkaline medium to form an intense orange water-soluble product which can be easily extracted from micelles of a non-ionic surfactant (Triton X-114) and both drugs measured sequentially at the same absorption maximum of 479 nm. The optimization of all experimental variables was individually performed to obtain high extraction efficiency for both target medicaments. Under the optimized conditions, Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 0.3-3.0 μg mL-1 (r=0.9995) for both AMX and MCP. The enrichment factors were found to 214 and 90.85 fold for AMX and MCP, led to obtaining the detection limits of 0.083 and 0.098 μg mL5, and a superb sensitivity in terms of the molar absorptivity of 2.35x105 and 2.25x10-1 L.mol5.cm-1, respectively. The mean recovery percentage of 97.77±1.72% (in AMX capsule) and 98.20±1.95 (in MCP ampoule); the precision (RSD %) ranged between 2.35-10.8% and 0.20-3.43% were obtained for AMX and MCP respectively. The proposed method was validated and applied for determination of AMX and MCP in various samples of the pharmaceutical preparations. VL - 4 IS - 5 ER -
Information
Email: