Determination of Heavy Metals in Soil Samples Along the Shores of River Kaduna, Nigeria

Oladoja Silifat Titilayo; Nwaedozie Jonathan Maduka; Aliyu Adetutu Oluwakemi

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jb.20180202.13

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Determination of Heavy Metals in Soil Samples Along the Shores of River Kaduna, Nigeria

Oladoja Silifat Titilayo, Nwaedozie Jonathan Maduka, Aliyu Adetutu Oluwakemi

Published in Journal of Biomaterials (Volume 2, Issue 2)

Received: 21 October 2018 Accepted: 1 November 2018 Published: 27 November 2018

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Abstract

Soil samples were collected during dry and wet seasons from 19 sites along the shores of river Kaduna stretching from Kawo in the North to Kudende, an industrial area in the South. The soil samples were analysed for the concentration of seven heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, Fe, Pb, Cd and Mn) using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results show that dry season soil contains high level of Fe and Cd with mean values of 718.37±0.01 and 17.59±0.4 mg/kg respectively while wet season soil contains high level of Fe, Cd and Pb with mean values 737.84±0.01, 18.26±0.08 and 410.66±0.09 mg/kg respectively. However, Pb was not detected in the soil samples during the dry season. The mean values obtained from the heavy metals analysed were compared with WHO and EU standard limits and the result shows that the values obtained were above the acceptable range except for Cu values. This study concludes that soil samples along the shores of river Kaduna are polluted and not suitable for agricultural uses. This is attributed to different anthropogenic inputs such as industrial, agricultural, sewage effluent, burning of oil and tyres, plastics, wrapping, dyes, effluent from food, beverage and textile factories that discharges their effluent directly into river Kaduna.

Published in	Journal of Biomaterials (Volume 2, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.jb.20180202.13
Page(s)	41-45
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Soil, Industrial, Heavy Metals, River Kaduna

References

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[4]	Ideriah, T. J. K., Braide, S. A. and Briggs, A. O., (2005). Distribution of Lead and Total Hydrocarbon in Tissue of Periwinkles (Typanotonus Fuscatus and Pachymelania Aurita) in the upper Bonny River, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Science and Environmental. 10 (2): 135-143.
[5]	Ayodele, J. T. and Gimba, I. D., (2002). Heavy Metals in Airborne Harmattan Dust in Kano, Nigeria. Trop Environ. Res. 3 (1): 230-237.
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[7]	Adeniyi, A. A. and Afolabi, J. A., (2002). Determination of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals in Soils within the vicinity of facilities handling Refined Petroleum Products in Lagos Metroplolis’ Environ. Int., 34: 102-107.
[8]	Fatoki, O. S., (2000). Trace Zinc and Copper Concentration is Roadside Vegetation and Surface Soils: a Measurement of Local Atmospheric Pollution in Alice, South Africa. Int. J. Environ. Studies, 57: 501-513.
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[13]	Audu, A. A. and Lawal, A. O., (2005). Variation in Metal Contents of Plants in Vegetable Gardens Sites in Kano Metropolis J. Appl. Sci. 10 (2): 105-109.
[14]	John, W. J. and Stephen, G. C., (2000). Critical Evaluation of Multi-element Scheme using Plasma Emission Anhydride Evolution Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for the Analysis of Plants and Animal Tissues. Analysis of Plants and Animal tissues. 2 (7): 353-369.
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[16]	Anthony, K. and Balwant, S. (2004). Heavy Metals Contamination of Home grown Vegetables near Metal Smelters in N. S. W. Sydney. Journal of applied science, 5 (2): 2-17.
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APA Style

Oladoja Silifat Titilayo, Nwaedozie Jonathan Maduka, Aliyu Adetutu Oluwakemi. (2018). Determination of Heavy Metals in Soil Samples Along the Shores of River Kaduna, Nigeria. Journal of Biomaterials, 2(2), 41-45. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jb.20180202.13

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ACS Style

Oladoja Silifat Titilayo; Nwaedozie Jonathan Maduka; Aliyu Adetutu Oluwakemi. Determination of Heavy Metals in Soil Samples Along the Shores of River Kaduna, Nigeria. J. Biomater. 2018, 2(2), 41-45. doi: 10.11648/j.jb.20180202.13

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AMA Style

Oladoja Silifat Titilayo, Nwaedozie Jonathan Maduka, Aliyu Adetutu Oluwakemi. Determination of Heavy Metals in Soil Samples Along the Shores of River Kaduna, Nigeria. J Biomater. 2018;2(2):41-45. doi: 10.11648/j.jb.20180202.13

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@article{10.11648/j.jb.20180202.13,
  author = {Oladoja Silifat Titilayo and Nwaedozie Jonathan Maduka and Aliyu Adetutu Oluwakemi},
  title = {Determination of Heavy Metals in Soil Samples Along the Shores of River Kaduna, Nigeria},
  journal = {Journal of Biomaterials},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {41-45},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jb.20180202.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jb.20180202.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jb.20180202.13},
  abstract = {Soil samples were collected during dry and wet seasons from 19 sites along the shores of river Kaduna stretching from Kawo in the North to Kudende, an industrial area in the South. The soil samples were analysed for the concentration of seven heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, Fe, Pb, Cd and Mn) using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results show that dry season soil contains high level of Fe and Cd with mean values of 718.37±0.01 and 17.59±0.4 mg/kg respectively while wet season soil contains high level of Fe, Cd and Pb with mean values 737.84±0.01, 18.26±0.08 and 410.66±0.09 mg/kg respectively. However, Pb was not detected in the soil samples during the dry season. The mean values obtained from the heavy metals analysed were compared with WHO and EU standard limits and the result shows that the values obtained were above the acceptable range except for Cu values. This study concludes that soil samples along the shores of river Kaduna are polluted and not suitable for agricultural uses. This is attributed to different anthropogenic inputs such as industrial, agricultural, sewage effluent, burning of oil and tyres, plastics, wrapping, dyes, effluent from food, beverage and textile factories that discharges their effluent directly into river Kaduna.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Determination of Heavy Metals in Soil Samples Along the Shores of River Kaduna, Nigeria
AU  - Oladoja Silifat Titilayo
AU  - Nwaedozie Jonathan Maduka
AU  - Aliyu Adetutu Oluwakemi
Y1  - 2018/11/27
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jb.20180202.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.jb.20180202.13
T2  - Journal of Biomaterials
JF  - Journal of Biomaterials
JO  - Journal of Biomaterials
SP  - 41
EP  - 45
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-2629
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jb.20180202.13
AB  - Soil samples were collected during dry and wet seasons from 19 sites along the shores of river Kaduna stretching from Kawo in the North to Kudende, an industrial area in the South. The soil samples were analysed for the concentration of seven heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, Fe, Pb, Cd and Mn) using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results show that dry season soil contains high level of Fe and Cd with mean values of 718.37±0.01 and 17.59±0.4 mg/kg respectively while wet season soil contains high level of Fe, Cd and Pb with mean values 737.84±0.01, 18.26±0.08 and 410.66±0.09 mg/kg respectively. However, Pb was not detected in the soil samples during the dry season. The mean values obtained from the heavy metals analysed were compared with WHO and EU standard limits and the result shows that the values obtained were above the acceptable range except for Cu values. This study concludes that soil samples along the shores of river Kaduna are polluted and not suitable for agricultural uses. This is attributed to different anthropogenic inputs such as industrial, agricultural, sewage effluent, burning of oil and tyres, plastics, wrapping, dyes, effluent from food, beverage and textile factories that discharges their effluent directly into river Kaduna.
VL  - 2
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Oladoja Silifat Titilayo

Federal Ministry of Education, Abuja, Nigeria
Nwaedozie Jonathan Maduka

Department of Chemistry, Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria
Aliyu Adetutu Oluwakemi

Department of Chemistry, Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna, Nigeria

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Oladoja Silifat Titilayo, Nwaedozie Jonathan Maduka, Aliyu Adetutu Oluwakemi. (2018). Determination of Heavy Metals in Soil Samples Along the Shores of River Kaduna, Nigeria. Journal of Biomaterials, 2(2), 41-45. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jb.20180202.13

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ACS Style

Oladoja Silifat Titilayo; Nwaedozie Jonathan Maduka; Aliyu Adetutu Oluwakemi. Determination of Heavy Metals in Soil Samples Along the Shores of River Kaduna, Nigeria. J. Biomater. 2018, 2(2), 41-45. doi: 10.11648/j.jb.20180202.13

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AMA Style

Oladoja Silifat Titilayo, Nwaedozie Jonathan Maduka, Aliyu Adetutu Oluwakemi. Determination of Heavy Metals in Soil Samples Along the Shores of River Kaduna, Nigeria. J Biomater. 2018;2(2):41-45. doi: 10.11648/j.jb.20180202.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jb.20180202.13,
  author = {Oladoja Silifat Titilayo and Nwaedozie Jonathan Maduka and Aliyu Adetutu Oluwakemi},
  title = {Determination of Heavy Metals in Soil Samples Along the Shores of River Kaduna, Nigeria},
  journal = {Journal of Biomaterials},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {41-45},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jb.20180202.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jb.20180202.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jb.20180202.13},
  abstract = {Soil samples were collected during dry and wet seasons from 19 sites along the shores of river Kaduna stretching from Kawo in the North to Kudende, an industrial area in the South. The soil samples were analysed for the concentration of seven heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, Fe, Pb, Cd and Mn) using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results show that dry season soil contains high level of Fe and Cd with mean values of 718.37±0.01 and 17.59±0.4 mg/kg respectively while wet season soil contains high level of Fe, Cd and Pb with mean values 737.84±0.01, 18.26±0.08 and 410.66±0.09 mg/kg respectively. However, Pb was not detected in the soil samples during the dry season. The mean values obtained from the heavy metals analysed were compared with WHO and EU standard limits and the result shows that the values obtained were above the acceptable range except for Cu values. This study concludes that soil samples along the shores of river Kaduna are polluted and not suitable for agricultural uses. This is attributed to different anthropogenic inputs such as industrial, agricultural, sewage effluent, burning of oil and tyres, plastics, wrapping, dyes, effluent from food, beverage and textile factories that discharges their effluent directly into river Kaduna.},
 year = {2018}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Determination of Heavy Metals in Soil Samples Along the Shores of River Kaduna, Nigeria
AU  - Oladoja Silifat Titilayo
AU  - Nwaedozie Jonathan Maduka
AU  - Aliyu Adetutu Oluwakemi
Y1  - 2018/11/27
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jb.20180202.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.jb.20180202.13
T2  - Journal of Biomaterials
JF  - Journal of Biomaterials
JO  - Journal of Biomaterials
SP  - 41
EP  - 45
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-2629
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jb.20180202.13
AB  - Soil samples were collected during dry and wet seasons from 19 sites along the shores of river Kaduna stretching from Kawo in the North to Kudende, an industrial area in the South. The soil samples were analysed for the concentration of seven heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, Fe, Pb, Cd and Mn) using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results show that dry season soil contains high level of Fe and Cd with mean values of 718.37±0.01 and 17.59±0.4 mg/kg respectively while wet season soil contains high level of Fe, Cd and Pb with mean values 737.84±0.01, 18.26±0.08 and 410.66±0.09 mg/kg respectively. However, Pb was not detected in the soil samples during the dry season. The mean values obtained from the heavy metals analysed were compared with WHO and EU standard limits and the result shows that the values obtained were above the acceptable range except for Cu values. This study concludes that soil samples along the shores of river Kaduna are polluted and not suitable for agricultural uses. This is attributed to different anthropogenic inputs such as industrial, agricultural, sewage effluent, burning of oil and tyres, plastics, wrapping, dyes, effluent from food, beverage and textile factories that discharges their effluent directly into river Kaduna.
VL  - 2
IS  - 2
ER  -

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