Spodoptera frugiperda is also known as fall armyworm, one of the important pests of agronomic and horticulture crops, and spread throughout the tropics and subtropics areas, threatening food security, economic advancement, and the lives of millions of cereal farmers. FAW is the world's major migratory pest, mainly damaging jade Rice, paddy rice, sorghum, sugarcane, cotton, pasture, and sugar beet more than 80 kinds of plants Although FAW has received extensive scientific attention in its home range in the Pakistan, chemical inputs play a key role in its mitigation, and biological control adoption is behind globally. Here, a quantitative review of the first report in Pakistan and different countries, potential risks of fall armyworm, collected and organized based on the monitoring, morphological, bio ecology, and geographical distribution of S. frugiperda invasive sites, further, the natural enemies of S. frugiperda, such as parasitic wasps, nematodes, pathogenic fungi, virus; Pheromones traps supporting technologies, Monitoring methods and suggestions, to study the potentially suitable areas of S. frugiperda. A risk assessment was carried out, the occurrence of this insect in Pakistan will affect my country's production industry Therefore, further develop relevant new technology research, strengthen the protection and utilization of natural enemies, and prevent the spread and disaster of S. frugiperda should be paid attention to in disaster-prone areas through the organic combination of biological control and chemical control.
| Published in | Innovation (Volume 5, Issue 4) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.innov.20240504.12 |
| Page(s) | 115-128 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Spodoptera frugiperda, Geographical Regions, Pakistan, Biological Control Agents
| [1] | Todd, E., & Poole, R. (1980). Keys and illustrations for the armyworm moths of the noctuid genus Spodoptera Guenée from the Western Hemisphere. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 73(6), 722-738. |
| [2] | CABI. 2018. Invasives species compendium. URL: www.cabi.org/isc/fallarmyworm [accessed 2018 Aug 15]. |
| [3] | Ashley, T., Wiseman, B., Davis, F., & Andrews, K. (1989). The fall armyworm: a bibliography. Florida Entomologist, 152-202. |
| [4] | Johnson, S. (1987). Migration and the life history strategy of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda in the western hemisphere. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 8(4-5-6), 543-549. |
| [5] | Willis, K. (2017). State of the world's plants 2017: Royal Botanics Gardens Kew. |
| [6] | Naeem-Ullah, U., Ansari, M. A., Iqbal, N., & Saeed, S. (2019). First authentic report of Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) an alien invasive species from Pakistan. Applied Sciences and Business Economics, 6(1), 1-3. |
| [7] | Shehzad, A., & Shahzad, M. S. (2022). Status, challenges and experiences of Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in Pakistan. Fall Armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith)-the status, challenges and experiences among the SAARC Member States. SAARC Agriculture Centre, SAARC, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 130p, 59. |
| [8] | Goergen, G., Kumar, P. L., Sankung, S. B., Togola, A., & Tamò, M. (2016). First report of outbreaks of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith)(Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), a new alien invasive pest in West and Central Africa. PloS one, 11(10), e0165632. |
| [9] | Sisay, B., Simiyu, J., Malusi, P., Likhayo, P., Mendesil, E., Elibariki, N., Tefera, T. (2018). First report of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), natural enemies from Africa. Journal of Applied Entomology, 142(8), 800-804. |
| [10] | Ganiger, P., Yeshwanth, H., Muralimohan, K., Vinay, N., Kumar, A., & Chandrashekara, K. (2018). Occurrence of the new invasive pest, fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith)(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in the maize fields of Karnataka, India. Current Science, 115(4), 621-623. |
| [11] | Sisodiya, D., Raghunandan, B., Bhatt, N., Verma, H., Shewale, C., Timbadiya, B., & Borad, P. (2018). The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith)(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae); first report of new invasive pest in maize fields of Gujarat, India. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 6(5), 2089-2091. |
| [12] | Alam, S. N., Sarker, D., Pradhan, M. Z. H., Rashid, M. H., Sarkar, M. A., Begum, K., ... & Ferdous AKMRH, M. M. A. (2018). First report of occurrence of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Entomology, 28, 97-101. |
| [13] | Perera, N., Magamage, M., Kumara, A., Galahitigama, H., Dissanayake, K., Wekumbura, C., Yapa, P. (2019). Fall armyworm (FAW) epidemic in Sri Lanka: Ratnapura district perspectives. International Journal of Entomological Research, 7(1), 09-18. |
| [14] | Ryu, M., Lee, S.-J., Lee, H.-S., Kim, J.-R., Choi, E.-J., Sengsay, S., Lee, J.-H. (2019). First report of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda and its molecular characteristics. Paper presented at the 2019 Spring International Conference of KSAE. |
| [15] | Marenco, R., Foster, R., & Sanchez, C. (1992). Sweet corn response to fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) damage during vegetative growth. Journal of Economic Entomology, 85(4), 1285-1292. |
| [16] | Prasanna, B., Huesing, J., Eddy, R., & Peschke, V. (2018). Fall armyworm in Africa: a guide for integrated pest management. |
| [17] | Kalleshwaraswamy, C., Asokan, R., Swamy, H. M., Maruthi, M., Pavithra, H., Hegbe, K., Goergen, G. E. (2018). First report of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith)(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), an alien invasive pest on maize in India. |
| [18] | Furuya-Kanamori, L., Liang, S., Milinovich, G., Soares Magalhaes, R. J., Clements, A. C., Hu, W., Yakob, L. (2016). Co-distribution and co-infection of chikungunya and dengue viruses. BMC infectious diseases, 16(1), 1-11. |
| [19] | Liu, H., Lan, T., Fang, D., Gui, F., Wang, H., Guo, W., Lyu, L. (2019). Chromosome level draft genomes of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), an alien invasive pest in China. BioRxiv, 671560. |
| [20] | Nayyar, N., Gracy, R., Ashika, T., Mohan, G., Swathi, R., Mohan, M., Venkatesan, T. (2021). Population structure and genetic diversity of invasive Fall Armyworm after 2 years of introduction in India. Scientific reports, 11(1), 1-12. |
| [21] | Early, R., González-Moreno, P., Murphy, S. T., & Day, R. (2018). Forecasting the global extent of invasion of the cereal pest Spodoptera frugiperda, the fall armyworm. bioRxiv, 391847. |
| [22] | FAO. (2019). Briefing note on FAO actions on fall armyworm: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, Italy. |
| [23] | Wyckhuys, K. A., Akutse, K. S., Amalin, D. M., Araj, S. E., Barrera, G., Beltran, M. J. B., ... & Hadi, B. A. (2024). Global scientific progress and shortfalls in biological control of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda. Biological Control, 105460. |
| [24] | Gilal, A. A., Bashir, L., Faheem, M., Rajput, A., Soomro, J. A., Kunbhar, S., Sahito, J. G. M. (2020). First record of invasive fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)) in corn fields of Sindh, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research, 33(2), 247-252. |
| [25] | Khan, H. A., Ali, N., Farooq, M. U., Asif, N., Gill, T. A., & Khalique, U. (2020). First authentic report of fall armyworm presence in Faisalabad Pakistan. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 8, 1512-1514. |
| [26] | Ibrahim, M., Aleem, A., Manzoor, F., Ahmad, S., Anwar, H., Aroob, T., & Ahmad, M. (2021). Mortality dynamics of exotic fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Innovative Sciences, 7(1), 128-135. |
| [27] | Khan, R. U., Firdaus Kauser, S. A., Anwar, M. U., Arshad, M. A., Hussain, H., Zardari, W. B., & Ramzan, M. (2021). Occurrence, damage pattern and developmental parameters of Spodoptera frugiperda on corn in Pakistan. Glob. Acad. J. Agri. Biosci, 3, 75-78. |
| [28] | Yousaf, S., Rehman, A., Masood, M., Ali, K., & Suleman, N. (2022). Occurrence and molecular identification of an invasive rice strain of fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from Sindh, Pakistan, using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene sequences. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 129(1), 71-78. |
| [29] | Ramzan, M., Ilahi, H., Adnan, M., Ullah, A., & Ullah, A. (2021). Observation on Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Maize Under Laboratory Conditions. Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology, 14(1), 99-104. |
| [30] | Ajmal, M. S., Ali, S., Jamal, A., Saeed, M. F., Radicetti, E., & Civolani, S. (2024). Growth and Feeding Fitness Response of Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) towards Different Host Plants. |
| [31] | Altaf, N., Idrees, A., Ullah, M. I., Arshad, M., Afzal, A., Afzal, M., ... & Li, J. (2022). Biotic potential induced by different host plants in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Insects, 13(10), 921. |
| [32] | Pingali, P., & Pandey, S. (2001). Meeting world maize needs: technological opportunities and priorities for the public sector. |
| [33] | Ahmad, T., Ali, H. A., Ghaffar, A., Jehan, K., Mustafa, M. U., Ali, R., ... & Ramzan, M. (2021). Biomorphic characters of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on maize in Pakistan. Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology, 14(2), 13-18. |
| [34] | Tambo, J. A., Day, R. K., Lamontagne-Godwin, J., Silvestri, S., Beseh, P. K., Oppong-Mensah, B., Matimelo, M. (2020). Tackling fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) outbreak in Africa: an analysis of farmers’ control actions. International Journal of Pest Management, 66(4), 298-310. |
| [35] | Ayra-Pardo, C., Huang, S., Kan, Y., & Wright, D. J. (2024). Impact of invasive fall armyworm on plant and arthropod communities and implications for crop protection. International Journal of Pest Management, 70(2), 180-191. |
| [36] | Montezano, D. G., Sosa-Gómez, D., Specht, A., Roque-Specht, V. F., Sousa-Silva, J. C., Paula-Moraes, S. d.,... Hunt, T. (2018). Host plants of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the Americas. African entomology, 26(2), 286-300. |
| [37] | Murúa, G., & Virla, E. (2004). Population parameters of Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith)(Lep.: Noctuidae) fed on corn and two predominant grasess in Tucuman (Argentina). Acta zoológica mexicana, 20(1), 199-210. |
| [38] | Westbrook, J., Nagoshi, R., Meagher, R., Fleischer, S., & Jairam, S. (2016). Modeling seasonal migration of fall armyworm moths. International journal of biometeorology, 60(2), 255-267. |
| [39] | Wild, S. (2017). African countries mobilize to battle invasive caterpillar. Nature, 543(7643). |
| [40] | Sowmiya, R., Krishnan, R., & Karthikeyan, R. (2024). Agro-ecological alternatives for fall armyworm management in maize: a review. International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, 14(8), 370-382. |
| [41] | Young, J. R. (1979). Fall armyworm: control with insecticides. Florida Entomologist, 130-133. |
| [42] | Day, R., Abrahams, P., Bateman, M., Beale, T., Clottey, V., Cock, M., Godwin, J. (2017). Fall armyworm: impacts and implications for Africa. Outlooks on Pest Management, 28(5), 196-201. |
| [43] | Yang, X., Wyckhuys, K. A., Jia, X., Nie, F., & Wu, K. (2021). Fall armyworm invasion heightens pesticide expenditure among Chinese smallholder farmers. Journal of Environmental Management, 282, 111949. |
| [44] | Porter, J., Parry, M., & Carter, T. (1991). The potential effects of climatic change on agricultural insect pests. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 57(1-3), 221-240. |
| [45] | Ramírez-Cabral, N., Medina-García, G., & Kumar, L. (2020). Increase of the number of broods of Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) as an indicator of global warming Aumento del número de generaciones de gusano cogollero (Spodoptera frugiperda) como indicador del calentamiento global. Revista Chapingo Serie Zonas Áridas| Vol, 19(1). |
| [46] | Sparks, T. H., Dennis, R. L., Croxton, P. J., & Cade, M. (2007). Increased migration of Lepidoptera linked to climate change. European Journal of Entomology, 104(1), 139-143. |
| [47] | Ramasamy, M., Das, B., & Ramesh, R. (2022). Predicting climate change impacts on potential worldwide distribution of fall armyworm based on cmip6 projections. Journal of Pest Science, 95(2), 841-854. |
| [48] | Lima, M., Silva, P., Oliveira, O., Silva, K., & Freitas, F. (2010). Corn yield response to weed and fall armyworm controls. Planta Daninha, 28, 103-111. |
| [49] | Figueiredo, M., Penteado-Dias, A., & Cruz, I. (2005). Danos provocados por Spodoptera frugiperda na produção de matéria seca e nos rendimentos de grãos, na cultura do milho. |
| [50] | Monica, K. K., Fernadis, M., Duncan, C., Winnie, N., Daniel, K., & Léna, D. G. (2024). Area-wide pest management and prospects for fall armyworm control on smallholder farms in Africa: A review. Sustainable Environment, 10(1), 2345464.. |
| [51] | Zanzana, K., Dannon, E. A., Sinzogan, A. A., & Toffa, J. M. (2024). Fall armyworm management in a changing climate: an overview of climate-responsive integrated pest management (IPM) strategies for long-term control. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 34(1), 54. |
| [52] | Pogue, M. G. (2002). A world revision of the genus Spodoptera Guenée:(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (Vol. 43): American Entomological Society Philadelphia. |
| [53] | Farias, C. A., Brewer, M. J., Anderson, D. J., Odvody, G. N., Xu, W., & Sétamou, M. (2014). Native Maize Resistance to Corn Earworm, Helicoverpa zea1, and Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda1, with Notes on Aflatoxin Content. Southwestern Entomologist, 39(3), 411-426. |
| [54] | Visser, D. (2017). Fall armyworm: an identification guide in relation to other common caterpillars, a South African perspective. Fall armyworm: an identification guide in relation to other common caterpillars, a South African perspective. |
| [55] | Shaurub, E. S. H. (2024). Remote sensing and geographic information system applications as early-warning tools in monitoring fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda: a review. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 1-18. |
| [56] | Vickery, R. A. (1929). Studies on the fall army worm in the gulf coast district of Texas. |
| [57] | Molina-Ochoa, J., Carpenter, J. E., Heinrichs, E. A., & Foster, J. E. (2003). Parasitoids and parasites of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the Americas and Caribbean Basin: an inventory. Florida Entomologist, 86(3), 254-289. |
| [58] | Meagher Jr, R. L., Nuessly, G. S., Nagoshi, R. N., & Hay-Roe, M. M. (2016). Parasitoids attacking fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in sweet corn habitats. Biological Control, 95, 66-72. |
| [59] | Ruíz-Nájera, R. E., Molina-Ochoa, J., Carpenter, J. E., Espinosa-Moreno, J. A., Ruíz-Nájera, J. A., Lezama-Gutiérrez, R., & Foster, J. E. (2007). Survey for hymenopteran and dipteran parasitoids of the fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Chiapas, Mexico. Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology, 24(1), 35-42. |
| [60] | Wyckhuys, K. A., & O’Neil, R. J. (2006). Population dynamics of Spodoptera frugiperda Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and associated arthropod natural enemies in Honduran subsistence maize. Crop Protection, 25(11), 1180-1190. |
| [61] | Murúa, G., Molina-Ochoa, J., & Coviella, C. (2006). Population dynamics of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its parasitoids in northwestern Argentina. Florida Entomologist, 89(2), 175-182. |
| [62] | Shylesha, A., Jalali, S., Gupta, A., Varshney, R., Venkatesan, T., Shetty, P., Subaharan, K. (2018). Studies on new invasive pest Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its natural enemies. Journal of Biological Control, 32(3), 1-7. |
| [63] | Cave, R. D. (2000). Biology, ecology and use in pest management of Telenomus remus. Biocontrol News and Information, 21(1), 21N-26N. |
| [64] | Wojcik, B., Whitcomb, W., & Habeck, D. (1976). Host range testing of Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae). Florida Entomologist, 195-198. |
| [65] | Nixon, G. (1937). LIV.—Some Asiatic Telenominæ (Hym., Proctotrupoidea). Annals and Magazine of Natural history, 20(118), 444-475. |
| [66] | Schwartz, A., & Gerling, D. (1974). Adult biology of Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) under laboratory conditions [egg parasite of Spodoptera littoralis]. Entomophaga (France). |
| [67] | Pomari, A. F., Bueno, A. D. F., De Freitas Bueno, R. C. O., & De Oliveira Menezes Junior, A. (2012). Biological characteristics and thermal requirements of the biological control agent Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) reared on eggs of different species of the genus Spodoptera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 105(1), 73-81. |
| [68] | Vieira, N. F., Pomari-Fernandes, A., Lemes, A. A., Vacari, A. M., De Bortoli, S. A., & de Freitas Bueno, A. (2017). Cost of production of Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) grown in natural and alternative hosts. Journal of economic entomology, 110(6), 2724-2726. |
| [69] | Cave, R. D., & Acosta, N. M. (1999). Telenomus remus Nixon: un parasitoide en el control biológico del gusano cogollero, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith). |
| [70] | Carneiro, T. R., Fernandes, O. A., & Cruz, I. (2009). Influence of females intraspecific competition and lack of host on Telenomus remus Nixon (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae) parasitism on Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith)(Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) eggs. Revista Brasileira De Entomologia, 53, 482-486. |
| [71] | Figueiredo, M. D. L. C., Della Lucia, T. M. C., & Cruz, I. (2002). Effect of Telenomus remus Nixon (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) density on control of Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith)(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) egg masses upon release in a maize field. Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo, 1(02). |
| [72] | Pomari-Fernandes, A., De Queiroz, A. P., de Freitas Bueno, A., Sanzovo, A. W., & De Bortoli, S. A. (2015). The importance of relative humidity for Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) parasitism and development on Corcyra cephalonica (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs. Annals of the entomological society of America, 108(1), 11-17. |
| [73] | Kenis, M., Du Plessis, H., Van den Berg, J., Ba, M. N., Goergen, G., Kwadjo, K. E., Cafà, G. (2019). Telenomus remus, a candidate parasitoid for the biological control of Spodoptera frugiperda in Africa, is already present on the continent. Insects, 10(4), 92. |
| [74] | Boling, J. C., & Pitre, H. N. (1970). Life history of Apanteles marginiventris with descriptions of immature stages. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 465-470. |
| [75] | Ruberson, J. R., & Whitfield, J. B. (1996). Facultative egg-larval parasitism of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by Cotesia marginiventris (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Florida entomologist, 296-296. |
| [76] | Johanowicz, D. L., Smith, H. A., Sourakov, A., & Mitchell, E. R. (2002). Lambsquarters in a maize agroecosystem: a potential refuge for natural enemies of fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae. Journal of Entomological Science, 37(2), 203-206. |
| [77] | León-García, I., Rodríguez-Leyva, E., Ortega-Arenas, L. D., & Solís-Aguilar, J. F. (2012). Susceptibilidad de Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith)(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) a insecticidas asociada a césped en Quintana Roo, México. Agrociencia, 46(3), 279-287. |
| [78] | Rémillet, M., & Silvain, J.-F. (1988). Noctuidonema guyanense ng, n. sp.(Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) ectoparasite de noctuelles. Revue de nématologie, 2, 21-24. |
| [79] | Rogers, C., Marti, O., Simmons, A., & Silvain, J.-F. (1990). Host range of Noctuidonema guyanense (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae): An ectoparasite of moths in French Guiana. Environmental Entomology, 19(3), 795-798. |
| [80] | Simmons, A. M., & Rogers, C. E. (1990). Temperature and humidity effects on Noctuidonema (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae), an ectoparasite of adult Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and transfer success during host mating. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 83(6), 1084-1087. |
| [81] | Landazabal A, J., Fernandez A, F., & Figueroa P, A. (1973). [Biological control of Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith), with the nematode Neoaplectana carpocapsae in corn (Zea mays)[Colombia]]. Acta Agronomica (Colombia). |
| [82] | Moses, M., Johnson, E. S., Anger, W. K., Burse, V. W., Horstman, S. W., Jackson, R. J., Meggs, W. J. (1993). Environmental equity and pesticide exposure. Toxicology and industrial health, 9(5), 913-959. |
| [83] | Thomazoni, D., Formentini, M. A., & Alves, L. F. A. (2014). Patogenicidade de isolados de fungos entomopatogênicos à Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith)(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Arquivos do Instituto Biológico, 81, 126-133. |
| [84] | Rivero‐Borja, M., Guzmán‐Franco, A. W., Rodríguez‐Leyva, E., Santillán‐Ortega, C., & Pérez‐Panduro, A. (2018). Interaction of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae with chlorpyrifos ethyl and spinosad in Spodoptera frugiperda larvae. Pest management science, 74(9), 2047-2052. |
| [85] | Cory, J. S., & Bishop, D. H. (1997). Use of baculoviruses as biological insecticides. Molecular biotechnology, 7(3), 303-313. |
| [86] | Cuartas, P., Barrera, G., Barreto, E., & Villamizar, L. (2014). Characterisation of a Colombian granulovirus (Baculoviridae: Betabaculovirus) isolated from Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 24(11), 1265-1285. |
| [87] | Pidre, M. L., Sabalette, K. B., Romanowski, V., & Ferrelli, M. L. (2019). Identification of an Argentinean isolate of Spodoptera frugiperda granulovirus. Revista argentina de microbiología, 51(4), 381-385. |
| [88] | Shapiro, M. (2000). Effect of two granulosis viruses on the activity of the gypsy moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Journal of economic entomology, 93(6), 1633-1637. |
| [89] | Mitchell, E. R., Agee, H. R., & Heath, R. R. (1989). Influence of pheromone trap color and design on capture of male velvetbean caterpillar and fall armyworm moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Chemical Ecology, 15(6), 1775-1784. |
| [90] | Malo, E. A., Cruz-Esteban, S., González, F. J., & Rojas, J. C. (2018). A home-made trap baited with sex pheromone for monitoring Spodoptera frugiperda males (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in corn crops in Mexico. Journal of Economic Entomology, 111(4), 1674-1681. |
| [91] | Cruz-Esteban, S., Rojas, J. C., Sánchez-Guillén, D., Cruz-López, L., & Malo, E. A. (2018). Geographic variation in pheromone component ratio and antennal responses, but not in attraction, to sex pheromones among fall armyworm populations infesting corn in Mexico. Journal of Pest Science, 91(3), 973-983. |
| [92] | Grossniklaus‐Bürgin, C., & Lanzrein, B. (1990). Endocrine interrelationship between the parasitoid Chelonus sp. and its host Trichoplusia ni. Archives of insect biochemistry and physiology, 14(4), 201-216. |
| [93] | Blanco, C. A., Chiaravalle, W., Dalla-Rizza, M., Farias, J. R., García-Degano, M. F., Gastaminza, G., ... & Willink, E. (2016). Current situation of pests targeted by Bt crops in Latin America. Current opinion in insect science, 15, 131-138. |
| [94] | Blanco, C. A., Portilla, M., Jurat-Fuentes, J. L., Sánchez, J. F., Viteri, D., Vega-Aquino, P., Arias, R. (2010). Susceptibility of isofamilies of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Cry1Ac and Cry1Fa proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis. Southwestern Entomologist, 35(3), 409-415. |
| [95] | Rodríguez-Cabrera, L., Trujillo-Bacallao, D., Borrás-Hidalgo, O., Wright, D. J., & Ayra-Pardo, C. (2008). Molecular characterization of Spodoptera frugiperda–Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ca toxin interaction. Toxicon, 51(4), 681-692. |
| [96] | Gallo, M. B., Rocha, W. C., da Cunha, U. S., Diogo, F. A., da Silva, F. C., Vieira, P. C., Batista‐Pereira, L. G. (2006). Bioactivity of extracts and isolated compounds from Vitex polygama (Verbenaceae) and Siphoneugena densiflora (Myrtaceae) against Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Pest Management Science: formerly Pesticide Science, 62(11), 1072-1081. |
| [97] | Ahmed, K. S., Idrees, A., Majeed, M. Z., Majeed, M. I., Shehzad, M. Z., Ullah, M. I., ... & Li, J. (2022). Synergized toxicity of promising plant extracts and synthetic chemicals against fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Pakistan. Agronomy, 12(6), 1289. |
| [98] | Hameed, A., Ali, F., Riaz, K., Alam, M. W., Ali, S., Rasheed, R., & Sarfraz, S. (2024). Management Approaches for Biological Control of Invasive Species. In Plant Quarantine Challenges under Climate Change Anxiety (pp. 435-461). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland. |
| [99] | Safder, A., Rana, S., Khalil, S., Naeem, H., Arshad, L., & Malik, U. (2023). Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Fungi against Fall Armyworm (FAW) in Laboratory Conditions. Ind. J. Pure App. Biosci, 11(3), 76-81. |
| [100] | Ullah, S., Raza, A. B. M., Alkafafy, M., Sayed, S., Hamid, M. I., Majeed, M. Z., ... & Asim, M. (2022). Isolation, identification and virulence of indigenous entomopathogenic fungal strains against the peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae Sulzer (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith)(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 32(1), 1-11. |
| [101] | Hussain, S., Farooq, M., Aslam, M. N., & Zada, N. (2023). Insecticidal Potential of Eco-friendly Mycoinsecticides for the management of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) under in vitro condition. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 29(1). |
APA Style
Alam, S., Iqbal, S., Shehzad, M., Tahir, A. H., Hamza, A., et al. (2024). Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) Invasive Pest of Agriculture and Their Biological Control: A Review. Innovation, 5(4), 115-128. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.innov.20240504.12
ACS Style
Alam, S.; Iqbal, S.; Shehzad, M.; Tahir, A. H.; Hamza, A., et al. Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) Invasive Pest of Agriculture and Their Biological Control: A Review. Innovation. 2024, 5(4), 115-128. doi: 10.11648/j.innov.20240504.12
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.innov.20240504.12,
author = {Shah Alam and Sabir Iqbal and Muhammad Shehzad and Ahmad Hassan Tahir and Ameer Hamza and Shifa Ullah},
title = {Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) Invasive Pest of Agriculture and Their Biological Control: A Review
},
journal = {Innovation},
volume = {5},
number = {4},
pages = {115-128},
doi = {10.11648/j.innov.20240504.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.innov.20240504.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.innov.20240504.12},
abstract = {Spodoptera frugiperda is also known as fall armyworm, one of the important pests of agronomic and horticulture crops, and spread throughout the tropics and subtropics areas, threatening food security, economic advancement, and the lives of millions of cereal farmers. FAW is the world's major migratory pest, mainly damaging jade Rice, paddy rice, sorghum, sugarcane, cotton, pasture, and sugar beet more than 80 kinds of plants Although FAW has received extensive scientific attention in its home range in the Pakistan, chemical inputs play a key role in its mitigation, and biological control adoption is behind globally. Here, a quantitative review of the first report in Pakistan and different countries, potential risks of fall armyworm, collected and organized based on the monitoring, morphological, bio ecology, and geographical distribution of S. frugiperda invasive sites, further, the natural enemies of S. frugiperda, such as parasitic wasps, nematodes, pathogenic fungi, virus; Pheromones traps supporting technologies, Monitoring methods and suggestions, to study the potentially suitable areas of S. frugiperda. A risk assessment was carried out, the occurrence of this insect in Pakistan will affect my country's production industry Therefore, further develop relevant new technology research, strengthen the protection and utilization of natural enemies, and prevent the spread and disaster of S. frugiperda should be paid attention to in disaster-prone areas through the organic combination of biological control and chemical control.
},
year = {2024}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) Invasive Pest of Agriculture and Their Biological Control: A Review AU - Shah Alam AU - Sabir Iqbal AU - Muhammad Shehzad AU - Ahmad Hassan Tahir AU - Ameer Hamza AU - Shifa Ullah Y1 - 2024/12/25 PY - 2024 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.innov.20240504.12 DO - 10.11648/j.innov.20240504.12 T2 - Innovation JF - Innovation JO - Innovation SP - 115 EP - 128 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2994-7138 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.innov.20240504.12 AB - Spodoptera frugiperda is also known as fall armyworm, one of the important pests of agronomic and horticulture crops, and spread throughout the tropics and subtropics areas, threatening food security, economic advancement, and the lives of millions of cereal farmers. FAW is the world's major migratory pest, mainly damaging jade Rice, paddy rice, sorghum, sugarcane, cotton, pasture, and sugar beet more than 80 kinds of plants Although FAW has received extensive scientific attention in its home range in the Pakistan, chemical inputs play a key role in its mitigation, and biological control adoption is behind globally. Here, a quantitative review of the first report in Pakistan and different countries, potential risks of fall armyworm, collected and organized based on the monitoring, morphological, bio ecology, and geographical distribution of S. frugiperda invasive sites, further, the natural enemies of S. frugiperda, such as parasitic wasps, nematodes, pathogenic fungi, virus; Pheromones traps supporting technologies, Monitoring methods and suggestions, to study the potentially suitable areas of S. frugiperda. A risk assessment was carried out, the occurrence of this insect in Pakistan will affect my country's production industry Therefore, further develop relevant new technology research, strengthen the protection and utilization of natural enemies, and prevent the spread and disaster of S. frugiperda should be paid attention to in disaster-prone areas through the organic combination of biological control and chemical control. VL - 5 IS - 4 ER -
Department of Entomology, Pir Maher Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
Key Laboratory of Genetics and Fruit Development, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu, China
Department of Entomology, Pir Maher Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
Department of Entomology, Pir Maher Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
Information