Border Control Technologies of Western Nations: Legal, Ethical and Financial Issues

Mohammad Mushfequr Rahman

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijsts.20210906.11

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Border Control Technologies of Western Nations: Legal, Ethical and Financial Issues

Mohammad Mushfequr Rahman

Published in International Journal of Science, Technology and Society (Volume 9, Issue 6)

Received: 7 September 2021 Accepted: 11 October 2021 Published: 5 November 2021

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Abstract

While in the past border control was mostly about military and political supremacy today it is being enhanced often to protect the public resources, culture, population and to maintain social security. A brief history of border control technologies has been discussed and then how it evolved from simple border protection to complex ethnic, national and cultural protection. Border control techniques utilize air, land, naval and biometric technologies to preserve the border and ethnic and socio-cultural integrity of western countries. The objective of this study was to understand cost of such technologies, its effects on human rights and existing laws to address such violations of human rights. The analysis has been a systematic review of existing and evolving technologies. Various journals and papers, public and private research organizations have been examined in this regard. The paper finds that such technologies cost high, have harmed human rights and at the same time necessary laws have not been developed to tackle these violations. The paper proposes that to establish equitable and proportionate use of such technologies an international mechanism must be developed through the UN which must ensure proper legal and ethical framework is set up to maintain and function these advanced technologies while optimizing costs and environmental impact.

Published in	International Journal of Science, Technology and Society (Volume 9, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijsts.20210906.11
Page(s)	256-262
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Border Control, Refugees, Immigrants, Migration

References

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Mohammad Mushfequr Rahman. (2021). Border Control Technologies of Western Nations: Legal, Ethical and Financial Issues. International Journal of Science, Technology and Society, 9(6), 256-262. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsts.20210906.11

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Mohammad Mushfequr Rahman. Border Control Technologies of Western Nations: Legal, Ethical and Financial Issues. Int. J. Sci. Technol. Soc. 2021, 9(6), 256-262. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsts.20210906.11

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Mohammad Mushfequr Rahman. Border Control Technologies of Western Nations: Legal, Ethical and Financial Issues. Int J Sci Technol Soc. 2021;9(6):256-262. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsts.20210906.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijsts.20210906.11,
  author = {Mohammad Mushfequr Rahman},
  title = {Border Control Technologies of Western Nations: Legal, Ethical and Financial Issues},
  journal = {International Journal of Science, Technology and Society},
  volume = {9},
  number = {6},
  pages = {256-262},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijsts.20210906.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsts.20210906.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijsts.20210906.11},
  abstract = {While in the past border control was mostly about military and political supremacy today it is being enhanced often to protect the public resources, culture, population and to maintain social security. A brief history of border control technologies has been discussed and then how it evolved from simple border protection to complex ethnic, national and cultural protection. Border control techniques utilize air, land, naval and biometric technologies to preserve the border and ethnic and socio-cultural integrity of western countries. The objective of this study was to understand cost of such technologies, its effects on human rights and existing laws to address such violations of human rights. The analysis has been a systematic review of existing and evolving technologies. Various journals and papers, public and private research organizations have been examined in this regard. The paper finds that such technologies cost high, have harmed human rights and at the same time necessary laws have not been developed to tackle these violations. The paper proposes that to establish equitable and proportionate use of such technologies an international mechanism must be developed through the UN which must ensure proper legal and ethical framework is set up to maintain and function these advanced technologies while optimizing costs and environmental impact.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Border Control Technologies of Western Nations: Legal, Ethical and Financial Issues
AU  - Mohammad Mushfequr Rahman
Y1  - 2021/11/05
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsts.20210906.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijsts.20210906.11
T2  - International Journal of Science, Technology and Society
JF  - International Journal of Science, Technology and Society
JO  - International Journal of Science, Technology and Society
SP  - 256
EP  - 262
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7420
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsts.20210906.11
AB  - While in the past border control was mostly about military and political supremacy today it is being enhanced often to protect the public resources, culture, population and to maintain social security. A brief history of border control technologies has been discussed and then how it evolved from simple border protection to complex ethnic, national and cultural protection. Border control techniques utilize air, land, naval and biometric technologies to preserve the border and ethnic and socio-cultural integrity of western countries. The objective of this study was to understand cost of such technologies, its effects on human rights and existing laws to address such violations of human rights. The analysis has been a systematic review of existing and evolving technologies. Various journals and papers, public and private research organizations have been examined in this regard. The paper finds that such technologies cost high, have harmed human rights and at the same time necessary laws have not been developed to tackle these violations. The paper proposes that to establish equitable and proportionate use of such technologies an international mechanism must be developed through the UN which must ensure proper legal and ethical framework is set up to maintain and function these advanced technologies while optimizing costs and environmental impact.
VL  - 9
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Author Information

Mohammad Mushfequr Rahman

Department of Computer Science, University of Bath, Somerset, United Kingdom

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APA Style

Mohammad Mushfequr Rahman. (2021). Border Control Technologies of Western Nations: Legal, Ethical and Financial Issues. International Journal of Science, Technology and Society, 9(6), 256-262. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsts.20210906.11

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ACS Style

Mohammad Mushfequr Rahman. Border Control Technologies of Western Nations: Legal, Ethical and Financial Issues. Int. J. Sci. Technol. Soc. 2021, 9(6), 256-262. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsts.20210906.11

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AMA Style

Mohammad Mushfequr Rahman. Border Control Technologies of Western Nations: Legal, Ethical and Financial Issues. Int J Sci Technol Soc. 2021;9(6):256-262. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsts.20210906.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijsts.20210906.11,
  author = {Mohammad Mushfequr Rahman},
  title = {Border Control Technologies of Western Nations: Legal, Ethical and Financial Issues},
  journal = {International Journal of Science, Technology and Society},
  volume = {9},
  number = {6},
  pages = {256-262},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijsts.20210906.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsts.20210906.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijsts.20210906.11},
  abstract = {While in the past border control was mostly about military and political supremacy today it is being enhanced often to protect the public resources, culture, population and to maintain social security. A brief history of border control technologies has been discussed and then how it evolved from simple border protection to complex ethnic, national and cultural protection. Border control techniques utilize air, land, naval and biometric technologies to preserve the border and ethnic and socio-cultural integrity of western countries. The objective of this study was to understand cost of such technologies, its effects on human rights and existing laws to address such violations of human rights. The analysis has been a systematic review of existing and evolving technologies. Various journals and papers, public and private research organizations have been examined in this regard. The paper finds that such technologies cost high, have harmed human rights and at the same time necessary laws have not been developed to tackle these violations. The paper proposes that to establish equitable and proportionate use of such technologies an international mechanism must be developed through the UN which must ensure proper legal and ethical framework is set up to maintain and function these advanced technologies while optimizing costs and environmental impact.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Border Control Technologies of Western Nations: Legal, Ethical and Financial Issues
AU  - Mohammad Mushfequr Rahman
Y1  - 2021/11/05
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsts.20210906.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijsts.20210906.11
T2  - International Journal of Science, Technology and Society
JF  - International Journal of Science, Technology and Society
JO  - International Journal of Science, Technology and Society
SP  - 256
EP  - 262
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7420
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsts.20210906.11
AB  - While in the past border control was mostly about military and political supremacy today it is being enhanced often to protect the public resources, culture, population and to maintain social security. A brief history of border control technologies has been discussed and then how it evolved from simple border protection to complex ethnic, national and cultural protection. Border control techniques utilize air, land, naval and biometric technologies to preserve the border and ethnic and socio-cultural integrity of western countries. The objective of this study was to understand cost of such technologies, its effects on human rights and existing laws to address such violations of human rights. The analysis has been a systematic review of existing and evolving technologies. Various journals and papers, public and private research organizations have been examined in this regard. The paper finds that such technologies cost high, have harmed human rights and at the same time necessary laws have not been developed to tackle these violations. The paper proposes that to establish equitable and proportionate use of such technologies an international mechanism must be developed through the UN which must ensure proper legal and ethical framework is set up to maintain and function these advanced technologies while optimizing costs and environmental impact.
VL  - 9
IS  - 6
ER  -

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