Adoption of E-learning systems to address youth self-reliance entrepreneurship skills knowledge gap in developed countries has been rapidly evolving and reached advanced stages. Nonetheless, in the developing world most especially Sub-Sahara Africa it is still infancy. Of recent, some Non-Governmental Organizations have attempted implementation of E-learning systems as alternative means to traditional elitist spaces to equip the youth with self-reliance job start-up skills. However, despite the usual challenge of ICT infrastructure development, pedagogical usability and accessibility concerns are key undermining barriers to this initiative. This study therefor focuses on design and implementation of a youth entrepreneurship skills E-learning system prototype, ported on mobile technology with an integrated informal lifelong learning model. The proposed infrastructure also accommodates a mobile learning tool that enhances access and usability concerns of out-of-school youth lifelong learners in developing countries like Uganda. System design and development was achieved through a user centred participatory design approach (UCD) in conjunction with Human access point (HAP) design technique. User requirements inform of low-fidelity card paper prototypes were later transformed into working system interfaces. The developed prototype with both web and native mobile tool simplifies the process of self-employment business start-up skills access and development using interactive videos. Similarly, the system guides a youth in selection of appropriate survival skills, and selection of the learning path based on one’s previous experience. In addition, the learning environment helps the youth to connect with skilled experts and coaches experienced in vast areas of the business. Conclusively, the platform helps survival skills providers to reach the unreached youth and monitoring of active youth ongoing projects. Evaluation of the developed system prototype was streamlined on the Unified Theory of Technology and Acceptance Model (UTAUT). From here user’s feedbacks on the developed prototype were gathered using Survey questionnaires. Study findings revealed that mobile technology can bridge youth survival entrepreneurship skills knowledge gap in developing countries. Similarly, youth survival skills provider’s responses on the developed prototype in terms of system access and usability were positive. Briefly, study findings revealed that personalized Smart mobile learning system architecture bridges pedagogical usability and mobility barriers in youth entrepreneurship skills development E-learning systems implementation in developing countries like Uganda.
Published in | International Journal of Sustainable Development Research (Volume 5, Issue 3) |
DOI | 10.11648/j.ijsdr.20190503.11 |
Page(s) | 56-70 |
Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Personalized Mobile Learning, Self-Determined Learning, Smart Lifelong Learning, Lifelong Mobile Learning for Youth, User Centered Design, Human Access Point (HAP), Technology and Acceptance Models
[1] | Popkin, S. J., Scott, M. M. and Galvez, M. (2016) Teens and Food Insecurity in America. |
[2] | World Economic Forum (2017) The Future of Jobs and Skills in Africa Preparing the Region for the. |
[3] | Imaka, I. (2017) ‘Govt’s new Shs890b plan to curb youth unemployment - Daily Monitor’. Available at: http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/Govt--Shs890b-plan--youth--unemployment/688334-3873586-r4lsmoz/index.html[Accessed on 15 July 2017]. |
[4] | Hailu, G. K. (2015) Anti-Human Trafficking Measures in Tigray, Ethiopia: A Human Rights-Based Perspective. |
[5] | Onuoha, F. C. (2014) SPeCIAL RePoRt 2301, New York. doi: 10.1080/13688800903395585. |
[6] | Kaweesa, G. (2017) ‘Embrace Volunteerism To Tackle Youth Unemployment’. Available at: https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1466988/embrace-volunteerism-tackle-youth-unemployment[Accessed 12 june 2017]. |
[7] | Namuggala, V. F. (2017) ‘Gambling, Dancing, Sex Work: Notions of Youth Employment in Uganda.’ IDS Bulletin. doi: 10.19088/1968-2017.127. |
[8] | International, P. child (2015) ‘Youth Unemployment Causes and Solutions - Peace Child International’. |
[9] | MasterCard Foundation (2017) Invisible Lives: Understanding Youth Livelihoods In. |
[10] | Ministry of Finance, P. and E. D. (2014) Uganda’s Employment challenge. |
[11] | International Alert and UPFYA (2013) Youth participation in government Programmes in Uganda | International Alert. Available at: http://www.international-alert.org/resources/publications/youth-participation-government-programmes-uganda[Accesses 11 june 2017]. |
[12] | Children, S. the (2016) ‘Youth Employment Programs In The Philippines’. Available at: https://resourcecentre.savethechildren.net/node/12111/pdf/youth_employment_programs_in_the_philippines.pdf [Accessed 1 January 2017]. |
[13] | Pletscher, M. (2015) Youth unemployment in Uganda: Roots of the problem and possible ways to mitigate them. Available at: http://fontes.no/foundation/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Michael-Pletscher_Youth-unemployment-in-Uganda.pdf [Accessed 15 may 2017]. |
[14] | Aguma, D. (2017) THE 3 rd LEAP CONFERENCE Full Report Author: Dennis Aguma. |
[15] | Mohd, R. W. and (2015) ‘1726-1731.pdf’. |
[16] | Anderson, D., Chen, F. and Schroeder, K. (2010) Innovation and Technology for Youth Employment. |
[17] | United Nations Educational, S. and C. O. (UNESCO (2017) Using ICTs and Blended Learning in Transforming TVET. |
[18] | India National skills report (2016), Skilling India Transforming India. |
[19] | UNESCO (2016) ‘Conceptions and realities of lifelong learning’, pp. 1–24. Available at: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0024/002456/245626e.pdf [Accessed 23 July 2017]. |
[20] | Ogunleye, A., Owolabi, T. and Adeyemo, S. (2013a) ‘The Design and Development of a Web-Based E-learning Platform for the Understanding and Acquisition of Various Entrepreneurial Skills in SMEs and Industry’, 3 (4), pp. 239–251. |
[21] | MInistry of Education, A. and C. (2015) State Of Education, Arts And Culture Address. |
[22] | Francis, O. et al. (2013) ‘E-Skill Information Acquisition Software: A Key to Poverty Alleviation Or Self Reliance’, 6(1), pp. 1–14. |
[23] | Nygren, M. (2016) ‘Developing a Mobile Learning Application for Entrepreneurship Education in Uganda and Zambia Developing a Mobile Learning Application for Entrepreneurship Education in Uganda and Zambia Examensarbete utfört i Medieteknik Marcus Nygren’. |
[24] | Https://jump.co.zm/ (2018) JUMP Entrepreneurship and start-up resources. Available at: https://jump.co.zm/ [Accessed 24 December 2017]. |
[25] | Esterhuyse, M. and Scholtz, B. (2015) ‘Barriers to e-Learning in a Developing Country: An Explorative Study’, pp. 354–367. |
[26] | Almarabeh, T. et al. (2014) ‘the University of Jordan E-Learning Platform: State, Students’ Acceptance and Challenges’, (November), pp. 999–1007. |
[27] | Kasse, J. P. and Balunywa, W. (2013) ‘an assessment of e-learning utilization by a section of Ugandan universities: challenges, success factors and way forward’, pp. 4–8. |
[28] | Boticario, J. G. and Santos, O. C. (2005) ‘Issues in Developing Adaptive Learning Management Systems for Higher Education Institutions’. |
[29] | Tarus, J. K. (2015) Tarus. Available at: http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/1816/3196[Access 17 September 2016]. |
[30] | Magoulas, K. K. and G. D. (2017) ‘An Architecture for Smart Lifelong Learning Design An Architecture for Smart Lifelong Learning Design’, (September), p. 7. doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-2419-1. |
[31] | GSMA (2015) the Mobile Economy Sub-Saharan Africa 2015, GSM Association. doi: 10.1007/s10461-016-1458-y. |
[32] | Christina Blumel (2014) Trends in icts for youth workforce. Available at: https://www.fhi360.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/TechLab_TrendsInICTs_v8-508.pdf [Accessed 16 march 2017]. |
[33] | Ogunbase, A. O. (2016) Pedagogical Design and Pedagogical Usability of Web- Based Learning Environments: Comparative Cultural Implications from Africa and Europe. |
[34] | Fox, D. F. and L. (2014) Youth unemployment in sub-sahara Africa. Available at: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/16608/9781464801075.pdf [Accessed 14 march 2017]. |
[35] | Bulger, M. (2016) Personalized Learning: The Conversations We’re Not Having. |
[36] | Bartle, E. (2015) Personalised learning: an overview A discussion paper prepared for. |
[37] | Hammond, J. A., Cherrett, T. J. and Waterson, B. J. (2013) ‘the Usability and Effectiveness of Interactive Video as a Complementary Child Pedestrian Training Activity’, 3 (5). doi: 10.7763/IJEEEE.2013.V3.261. |
[38] | Zelezny-green, B. R. (2017) Lifelong mobile learning for skills development in low- and middle-income contexts. Available at: file:///C:/Users/med/Downloads/Lifelong_mobile_learning_for_skills_development-RondaZelezny-Green(3).pdf [accssed 12 July 2017]. |
[39] | Luna, C. (2015) ‘Education Research and Foresight What Kind of Learning’, pp. 1–14. Available at: http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2015/08/04/empowering-ugandas-youth-to-be-job-creators [Accessed 11 june 2017]. |
[40] | Halsall, J. P., Powell, J. L. and Snowden, M. (2016) ‘Determined learning approach: Implications of heutagogy society based learning’, Cogent Social Sciences. Cogent, 37, pp. 1–11. doi: 10.1080/23311886.2016.1223904. |
[41] | Narayan, V. and Herrington, J. (2012) ‘Towards a theoretical mobile heutagogy framework’, pp. 1–11. |
[42] | Fischer, G. (2015) ‘Beyond hype and underestimation: identifying research challenges for the future of MOOCs Gerhard Fischer Department of Computer Science, and Institute of Cognitive Science’, (July 2014), pp. 2–7. doi: 10.1080/01587919.2014.920752. |
[43] | UNESCO (2016) ‘Conceptions and realities of lifelong learning’, pp. 1–24. Available at: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0024/002456/245626e.pdf [Accessed 23 July 2017]. |
[44] | Miguel Baptista Nunes and Guo Chao Peng (2011) ‘Universities of Leeds, Sheffield and York’, pp. 3–12. |
[45] |
(Hafedh Said Abdullah, 2017) Hafedh Said Abdullah, A. R., 2017. FulltextThesis(1).pdf_. [online]. Available at: |
[46] | Graf-Vlachy, L. and Buhtz, K. (2017) ‘Social Influence in Technology Adoption Research: a Literature Review and Research Agenda’, Proceedings of the 25th European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS), 2017, pp. 2331–2351. |
[47] | UNFPA (2017) Population and development:World Population Day 2017 “Strengthen Youth Competitiveness for Sustainable Development”. |
[48] |
Center on Innovations in Learning, C.., 2016. ED568173.pdf. [online] Philadelphia, Available at: |
[49] | Holmes, W. et al. (2018) Technology-enhanced Personalised Learning Untangling the Evidence. |
[50] | Nandigam, D. (2014) ‘Personalized Learning: Current Status and Potential’, (December), pp. 2–7. doi: 10.1109/IC3e.2014.7081251. |
[51] | Kats, Y. ed., 2013. Learning Management Systems and Instructional Design: Best Practices in Online Education. [online] IGI Global. |
[52] | Rauterberg, M. (2014) ‘User Centered Design: What, Why, and When’, (June), pp. 1–5. |
[53] | Blaschke, L., Hase, S. and Hase, S. (2015) ‘Heutagogy: A holistic framework for creating 21st century self-determined learners Chapter 2 Heutagogy: A Holistic Framework for Creating Twenty-First-Century Self-determined Learners’, (November), pp. 8–18. doi: 10.1007/978-3-662-47724-3. |
[54] | Mcpherson, M. L. (2016) ‘Assignment_5_Final_Paper_Heutagogy_and_Self_Determined_Learners_in_an_Online_Master_of_Science_Program’, pp. 1–47. |
[55] | Muhibul Haq, 2015. A Comparative Analysis of Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods and a Justification for Adopting Mixed Methods in Social Research. |
[56] | Burns, D. and Lewis, A. (2015) Valuing Volunteering. Available at: https://www.vsointernational.org/sites/default/files/the_role_of_volunteering_in_sustainable_development_2015_vso_ids.pdf |
APA Style
Tamale Med, Andrew Lukyamuzi. (2019). Addressing Pedagogical Usability and Mobility Barriers in E-learning Systems: A Case of Youth Entrepreneurship Skill Development, Plan International Uganda. International Journal of Sustainable Development Research, 5(3), 56-70. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsdr.20190503.11
ACS Style
Tamale Med; Andrew Lukyamuzi. Addressing Pedagogical Usability and Mobility Barriers in E-learning Systems: A Case of Youth Entrepreneurship Skill Development, Plan International Uganda. Int. J. Sustain. Dev. Res. 2019, 5(3), 56-70. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsdr.20190503.11
AMA Style
Tamale Med, Andrew Lukyamuzi. Addressing Pedagogical Usability and Mobility Barriers in E-learning Systems: A Case of Youth Entrepreneurship Skill Development, Plan International Uganda. Int J Sustain Dev Res. 2019;5(3):56-70. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsdr.20190503.11
@article{10.11648/j.ijsdr.20190503.11, author = {Tamale Med and Andrew Lukyamuzi}, title = {Addressing Pedagogical Usability and Mobility Barriers in E-learning Systems: A Case of Youth Entrepreneurship Skill Development, Plan International Uganda}, journal = {International Journal of Sustainable Development Research}, volume = {5}, number = {3}, pages = {56-70}, doi = {10.11648/j.ijsdr.20190503.11}, url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsdr.20190503.11}, eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijsdr.20190503.11}, abstract = {Adoption of E-learning systems to address youth self-reliance entrepreneurship skills knowledge gap in developed countries has been rapidly evolving and reached advanced stages. Nonetheless, in the developing world most especially Sub-Sahara Africa it is still infancy. Of recent, some Non-Governmental Organizations have attempted implementation of E-learning systems as alternative means to traditional elitist spaces to equip the youth with self-reliance job start-up skills. However, despite the usual challenge of ICT infrastructure development, pedagogical usability and accessibility concerns are key undermining barriers to this initiative. This study therefor focuses on design and implementation of a youth entrepreneurship skills E-learning system prototype, ported on mobile technology with an integrated informal lifelong learning model. The proposed infrastructure also accommodates a mobile learning tool that enhances access and usability concerns of out-of-school youth lifelong learners in developing countries like Uganda. System design and development was achieved through a user centred participatory design approach (UCD) in conjunction with Human access point (HAP) design technique. User requirements inform of low-fidelity card paper prototypes were later transformed into working system interfaces. The developed prototype with both web and native mobile tool simplifies the process of self-employment business start-up skills access and development using interactive videos. Similarly, the system guides a youth in selection of appropriate survival skills, and selection of the learning path based on one’s previous experience. In addition, the learning environment helps the youth to connect with skilled experts and coaches experienced in vast areas of the business. Conclusively, the platform helps survival skills providers to reach the unreached youth and monitoring of active youth ongoing projects. Evaluation of the developed system prototype was streamlined on the Unified Theory of Technology and Acceptance Model (UTAUT). From here user’s feedbacks on the developed prototype were gathered using Survey questionnaires. Study findings revealed that mobile technology can bridge youth survival entrepreneurship skills knowledge gap in developing countries. Similarly, youth survival skills provider’s responses on the developed prototype in terms of system access and usability were positive. Briefly, study findings revealed that personalized Smart mobile learning system architecture bridges pedagogical usability and mobility barriers in youth entrepreneurship skills development E-learning systems implementation in developing countries like Uganda.}, year = {2019} }
TY - JOUR T1 - Addressing Pedagogical Usability and Mobility Barriers in E-learning Systems: A Case of Youth Entrepreneurship Skill Development, Plan International Uganda AU - Tamale Med AU - Andrew Lukyamuzi Y1 - 2019/10/23 PY - 2019 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsdr.20190503.11 DO - 10.11648/j.ijsdr.20190503.11 T2 - International Journal of Sustainable Development Research JF - International Journal of Sustainable Development Research JO - International Journal of Sustainable Development Research SP - 56 EP - 70 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2575-1832 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijsdr.20190503.11 AB - Adoption of E-learning systems to address youth self-reliance entrepreneurship skills knowledge gap in developed countries has been rapidly evolving and reached advanced stages. Nonetheless, in the developing world most especially Sub-Sahara Africa it is still infancy. Of recent, some Non-Governmental Organizations have attempted implementation of E-learning systems as alternative means to traditional elitist spaces to equip the youth with self-reliance job start-up skills. However, despite the usual challenge of ICT infrastructure development, pedagogical usability and accessibility concerns are key undermining barriers to this initiative. This study therefor focuses on design and implementation of a youth entrepreneurship skills E-learning system prototype, ported on mobile technology with an integrated informal lifelong learning model. The proposed infrastructure also accommodates a mobile learning tool that enhances access and usability concerns of out-of-school youth lifelong learners in developing countries like Uganda. System design and development was achieved through a user centred participatory design approach (UCD) in conjunction with Human access point (HAP) design technique. User requirements inform of low-fidelity card paper prototypes were later transformed into working system interfaces. The developed prototype with both web and native mobile tool simplifies the process of self-employment business start-up skills access and development using interactive videos. Similarly, the system guides a youth in selection of appropriate survival skills, and selection of the learning path based on one’s previous experience. In addition, the learning environment helps the youth to connect with skilled experts and coaches experienced in vast areas of the business. Conclusively, the platform helps survival skills providers to reach the unreached youth and monitoring of active youth ongoing projects. Evaluation of the developed system prototype was streamlined on the Unified Theory of Technology and Acceptance Model (UTAUT). From here user’s feedbacks on the developed prototype were gathered using Survey questionnaires. Study findings revealed that mobile technology can bridge youth survival entrepreneurship skills knowledge gap in developing countries. Similarly, youth survival skills provider’s responses on the developed prototype in terms of system access and usability were positive. Briefly, study findings revealed that personalized Smart mobile learning system architecture bridges pedagogical usability and mobility barriers in youth entrepreneurship skills development E-learning systems implementation in developing countries like Uganda. VL - 5 IS - 3 ER -