Myopia is primarily a cause of impaired vision in people under the age of 40, if left uncorrected. However, high myopia can result in uncorrectable vision loss through the development of pathological myopia, but this generally does not become a significant issue until people are aged 50 and over. Even though high prevalence of myopia is currently restricted to school-age children in the countries of East Asia, namely South Korea, Japan, China, including Hong Kong and Macau, Taiwan, and Singapore in Southeast Asia, by the year 2050, roughly half the people on the planet will be myopic. Major risk factors associated with myopia are related to environmental factors and cultural demands requiring children to undergo extensive schooling which results in reduction of time outdoors in natural light. High myopia is a significant risk factor for serious ocular conditions such as glaucoma, macular degeneration, early onset of retinal detachment and cataracts. A variety of therapeutic options are available to slow the advancement of the disease and significantly correct the condition. In recent years, several novel treatment strategies and approaches have been evaluated in clinical trials and have altered the therapeutic landscape for myopia. This review will summarize the epidemiology of this disease, cover some recent clinical advances, and existing and novel treatment options to combat myopia. Pharmacological options include muscarinic receptor antagonists, FP-class prostaglandins, and certain neurotrophic blockers including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors. The nonpharmacological treatment options include multifocal soft contact lenses, orthokeratology, and exposure to outdoor light. A brief discourse on the laboratory science related to animal models and discovery research of novel anti-myopic drugs will also be presented.
| Published in | International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science (Volume 7, Issue 4) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ijovs.20220704.13 |
| Page(s) | 111-125 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Myopia, Myopia Treatment, Myopia Clinical Trials, Prevalence of Myopia, Quality of Life in Myopia, Myopia Progression
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APA Style
Nozhat Choudry, Hanna Rao, Najam Arfeen Sharif. (2022). Current Research Perspectives on Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Treatment Options for Myopia. International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 7(4), 111-125. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijovs.20220704.13
ACS Style
Nozhat Choudry; Hanna Rao; Najam Arfeen Sharif. Current Research Perspectives on Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Treatment Options for Myopia. Int. J. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2022, 7(4), 111-125. doi: 10.11648/j.ijovs.20220704.13
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ijovs.20220704.13,
author = {Nozhat Choudry and Hanna Rao and Najam Arfeen Sharif},
title = {Current Research Perspectives on Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Treatment Options for Myopia},
journal = {International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
volume = {7},
number = {4},
pages = {111-125},
doi = {10.11648/j.ijovs.20220704.13},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijovs.20220704.13},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijovs.20220704.13},
abstract = {Myopia is primarily a cause of impaired vision in people under the age of 40, if left uncorrected. However, high myopia can result in uncorrectable vision loss through the development of pathological myopia, but this generally does not become a significant issue until people are aged 50 and over. Even though high prevalence of myopia is currently restricted to school-age children in the countries of East Asia, namely South Korea, Japan, China, including Hong Kong and Macau, Taiwan, and Singapore in Southeast Asia, by the year 2050, roughly half the people on the planet will be myopic. Major risk factors associated with myopia are related to environmental factors and cultural demands requiring children to undergo extensive schooling which results in reduction of time outdoors in natural light. High myopia is a significant risk factor for serious ocular conditions such as glaucoma, macular degeneration, early onset of retinal detachment and cataracts. A variety of therapeutic options are available to slow the advancement of the disease and significantly correct the condition. In recent years, several novel treatment strategies and approaches have been evaluated in clinical trials and have altered the therapeutic landscape for myopia. This review will summarize the epidemiology of this disease, cover some recent clinical advances, and existing and novel treatment options to combat myopia. Pharmacological options include muscarinic receptor antagonists, FP-class prostaglandins, and certain neurotrophic blockers including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors. The nonpharmacological treatment options include multifocal soft contact lenses, orthokeratology, and exposure to outdoor light. A brief discourse on the laboratory science related to animal models and discovery research of novel anti-myopic drugs will also be presented.},
year = {2022}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Current Research Perspectives on Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Treatment Options for Myopia AU - Nozhat Choudry AU - Hanna Rao AU - Najam Arfeen Sharif Y1 - 2022/11/22 PY - 2022 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijovs.20220704.13 DO - 10.11648/j.ijovs.20220704.13 T2 - International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science JF - International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science JO - International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science SP - 111 EP - 125 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2637-3858 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijovs.20220704.13 AB - Myopia is primarily a cause of impaired vision in people under the age of 40, if left uncorrected. However, high myopia can result in uncorrectable vision loss through the development of pathological myopia, but this generally does not become a significant issue until people are aged 50 and over. Even though high prevalence of myopia is currently restricted to school-age children in the countries of East Asia, namely South Korea, Japan, China, including Hong Kong and Macau, Taiwan, and Singapore in Southeast Asia, by the year 2050, roughly half the people on the planet will be myopic. Major risk factors associated with myopia are related to environmental factors and cultural demands requiring children to undergo extensive schooling which results in reduction of time outdoors in natural light. High myopia is a significant risk factor for serious ocular conditions such as glaucoma, macular degeneration, early onset of retinal detachment and cataracts. A variety of therapeutic options are available to slow the advancement of the disease and significantly correct the condition. In recent years, several novel treatment strategies and approaches have been evaluated in clinical trials and have altered the therapeutic landscape for myopia. This review will summarize the epidemiology of this disease, cover some recent clinical advances, and existing and novel treatment options to combat myopia. Pharmacological options include muscarinic receptor antagonists, FP-class prostaglandins, and certain neurotrophic blockers including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors. The nonpharmacological treatment options include multifocal soft contact lenses, orthokeratology, and exposure to outdoor light. A brief discourse on the laboratory science related to animal models and discovery research of novel anti-myopic drugs will also be presented. VL - 7 IS - 4 ER -
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