Statins Effects on Diabetic Retinopathy Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Mohamed Anwar Hammad; Dzul Azri Mohamed Noor; Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman; Tarek Mohamed Elsayed

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijovs.20170204.15

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Statins Effects on Diabetic Retinopathy Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Mohamed Anwar Hammad, Dzul Azri Mohamed Noor, Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman, Tarek Mohamed Elsayed

Published in International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science (Volume 2, Issue 4)

Received: 30 July 2017 Accepted: 21 August 2017 Published: 21 September 2017

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Abstract

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of vision loss in adults aged 20–74 years. DR classified as the fifth most common cause of preventable blindness and fifth furthermost common cause of moderate to severe visual impairment. A retrospective cohort study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of DR, and the effect of statins on the DR, among outpatients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study was done at the endocrine clinic in Hospital Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. Two cohorts of 717 diabetic outpatients (559 statins user and 158 statins non-users) were investigated for demographic data and diagnosis of DR. Findings were presented as descriptive statistics. The age of 717 subjects was (55.2±14.9) years and females 367 (51.2%). About 166 (23.2%) patients had DR with age (58.2±14.9) years. From 559 (78%) outpatients were statins-user, 143 (25.6%) had DR with age (58.5±14.9) years. While the control group 158 (22%) participants, only 23 (14.6%) had DR with age (56.3±14.9) years. The relative risk (RR) for DR in the statin-user group for DR is 1.75 and excessive relative risk (ERR) 75%. The absolute risk (AR) is 11% and number need to harm (NNH) is 9. Nearly one-quarter of the subjects had diabetic retinopathy. The risk of diabetic retinopathy incidence is higher in the statins user group than statins non-user cohort.

Published in	International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science (Volume 2, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijovs.20170204.15
Page(s)	106-114
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Eye, Malaysia, Diabetic Retinopathy, Statins, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

References

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Mohamed Anwar Hammad, Dzul Azri Mohamed Noor, Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman, Tarek Mohamed Elsayed. (2017). Statins Effects on Diabetic Retinopathy Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 2(4), 106-114. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijovs.20170204.15

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ACS Style

Mohamed Anwar Hammad; Dzul Azri Mohamed Noor; Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman; Tarek Mohamed Elsayed. Statins Effects on Diabetic Retinopathy Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int. J. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2017, 2(4), 106-114. doi: 10.11648/j.ijovs.20170204.15

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AMA Style

Mohamed Anwar Hammad, Dzul Azri Mohamed Noor, Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman, Tarek Mohamed Elsayed. Statins Effects on Diabetic Retinopathy Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2017;2(4):106-114. doi: 10.11648/j.ijovs.20170204.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ijovs.20170204.15,
  author = {Mohamed Anwar Hammad and Dzul Azri Mohamed Noor and Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman and Tarek Mohamed Elsayed},
  title = {Statins Effects on Diabetic Retinopathy Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus},
  journal = {International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {106-114},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijovs.20170204.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijovs.20170204.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijovs.20170204.15},
  abstract = {Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of vision loss in adults aged 20–74 years. DR classified as the fifth most common cause of preventable blindness and fifth furthermost common cause of moderate to severe visual impairment. A retrospective cohort study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of DR, and the effect of statins on the DR, among outpatients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study was done at the endocrine clinic in Hospital Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. Two cohorts of 717 diabetic outpatients (559 statins user and 158 statins non-users) were investigated for demographic data and diagnosis of DR. Findings were presented as descriptive statistics. The age of 717 subjects was (55.2±14.9) years and females 367 (51.2%). About 166 (23.2%) patients had DR with age (58.2±14.9) years. From 559 (78%) outpatients were statins-user, 143 (25.6%) had DR with age (58.5±14.9) years. While the control group 158 (22%) participants, only 23 (14.6%) had DR with age (56.3±14.9) years. The relative risk (RR) for DR in the statin-user group for DR is 1.75 and excessive relative risk (ERR) 75%. The absolute risk (AR) is 11% and number need to harm (NNH) is 9. Nearly one-quarter of the subjects had diabetic retinopathy. The risk of diabetic retinopathy incidence is higher in the statins user group than statins non-user cohort.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Statins Effects on Diabetic Retinopathy Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
AU  - Mohamed Anwar Hammad
AU  - Dzul Azri Mohamed Noor
AU  - Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman
AU  - Tarek Mohamed Elsayed
Y1  - 2017/09/21
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijovs.20170204.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijovs.20170204.15
T2  - International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science
JF  - International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science
JO  - International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science
SP  - 106
EP  - 114
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-3858
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijovs.20170204.15
AB  - Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of vision loss in adults aged 20–74 years. DR classified as the fifth most common cause of preventable blindness and fifth furthermost common cause of moderate to severe visual impairment. A retrospective cohort study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of DR, and the effect of statins on the DR, among outpatients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study was done at the endocrine clinic in Hospital Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. Two cohorts of 717 diabetic outpatients (559 statins user and 158 statins non-users) were investigated for demographic data and diagnosis of DR. Findings were presented as descriptive statistics. The age of 717 subjects was (55.2±14.9) years and females 367 (51.2%). About 166 (23.2%) patients had DR with age (58.2±14.9) years. From 559 (78%) outpatients were statins-user, 143 (25.6%) had DR with age (58.5±14.9) years. While the control group 158 (22%) participants, only 23 (14.6%) had DR with age (56.3±14.9) years. The relative risk (RR) for DR in the statin-user group for DR is 1.75 and excessive relative risk (ERR) 75%. The absolute risk (AR) is 11% and number need to harm (NNH) is 9. Nearly one-quarter of the subjects had diabetic retinopathy. The risk of diabetic retinopathy incidence is higher in the statins user group than statins non-user cohort.
VL  - 2
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Mohamed Anwar Hammad

Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
Dzul Azri Mohamed Noor

Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman

Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
Tarek Mohamed Elsayed

Department of Pharmacy Practice, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia

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Mohamed Anwar Hammad, Dzul Azri Mohamed Noor, Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman, Tarek Mohamed Elsayed. (2017). Statins Effects on Diabetic Retinopathy Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 2(4), 106-114. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijovs.20170204.15

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ACS Style

Mohamed Anwar Hammad; Dzul Azri Mohamed Noor; Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman; Tarek Mohamed Elsayed. Statins Effects on Diabetic Retinopathy Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int. J. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2017, 2(4), 106-114. doi: 10.11648/j.ijovs.20170204.15

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AMA Style

Mohamed Anwar Hammad, Dzul Azri Mohamed Noor, Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman, Tarek Mohamed Elsayed. Statins Effects on Diabetic Retinopathy Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2017;2(4):106-114. doi: 10.11648/j.ijovs.20170204.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ijovs.20170204.15,
  author = {Mohamed Anwar Hammad and Dzul Azri Mohamed Noor and Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman and Tarek Mohamed Elsayed},
  title = {Statins Effects on Diabetic Retinopathy Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus},
  journal = {International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
  volume = {2},
  number = {4},
  pages = {106-114},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijovs.20170204.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijovs.20170204.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijovs.20170204.15},
  abstract = {Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of vision loss in adults aged 20–74 years. DR classified as the fifth most common cause of preventable blindness and fifth furthermost common cause of moderate to severe visual impairment. A retrospective cohort study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of DR, and the effect of statins on the DR, among outpatients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study was done at the endocrine clinic in Hospital Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. Two cohorts of 717 diabetic outpatients (559 statins user and 158 statins non-users) were investigated for demographic data and diagnosis of DR. Findings were presented as descriptive statistics. The age of 717 subjects was (55.2±14.9) years and females 367 (51.2%). About 166 (23.2%) patients had DR with age (58.2±14.9) years. From 559 (78%) outpatients were statins-user, 143 (25.6%) had DR with age (58.5±14.9) years. While the control group 158 (22%) participants, only 23 (14.6%) had DR with age (56.3±14.9) years. The relative risk (RR) for DR in the statin-user group for DR is 1.75 and excessive relative risk (ERR) 75%. The absolute risk (AR) is 11% and number need to harm (NNH) is 9. Nearly one-quarter of the subjects had diabetic retinopathy. The risk of diabetic retinopathy incidence is higher in the statins user group than statins non-user cohort.},
 year = {2017}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Statins Effects on Diabetic Retinopathy Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
AU  - Mohamed Anwar Hammad
AU  - Dzul Azri Mohamed Noor
AU  - Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman
AU  - Tarek Mohamed Elsayed
Y1  - 2017/09/21
PY  - 2017
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijovs.20170204.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijovs.20170204.15
T2  - International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science
JF  - International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science
JO  - International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science
SP  - 106
EP  - 114
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-3858
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijovs.20170204.15
AB  - Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of vision loss in adults aged 20–74 years. DR classified as the fifth most common cause of preventable blindness and fifth furthermost common cause of moderate to severe visual impairment. A retrospective cohort study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of DR, and the effect of statins on the DR, among outpatients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study was done at the endocrine clinic in Hospital Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. Two cohorts of 717 diabetic outpatients (559 statins user and 158 statins non-users) were investigated for demographic data and diagnosis of DR. Findings were presented as descriptive statistics. The age of 717 subjects was (55.2±14.9) years and females 367 (51.2%). About 166 (23.2%) patients had DR with age (58.2±14.9) years. From 559 (78%) outpatients were statins-user, 143 (25.6%) had DR with age (58.5±14.9) years. While the control group 158 (22%) participants, only 23 (14.6%) had DR with age (56.3±14.9) years. The relative risk (RR) for DR in the statin-user group for DR is 1.75 and excessive relative risk (ERR) 75%. The absolute risk (AR) is 11% and number need to harm (NNH) is 9. Nearly one-quarter of the subjects had diabetic retinopathy. The risk of diabetic retinopathy incidence is higher in the statins user group than statins non-user cohort.
VL  - 2
IS  - 4
ER  -

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