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The Effect of Direction of Load on Bending Strength of Melia compositae

Received: 2 December 2020     Accepted: 31 December 2020     Published: 22 January 2021
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Abstract

In this paper, empirical study of stiffness (modulus of elasticity-MoE) and Bending strength/flexural strength (modulus of rupture-MoR) in wood, mainly on radial and Tangential surface of Melia compositae wood were evaluated. Here loading in the radial direction means that load is applied to the tangential surface and loading in the tangential direction means that load is applied to the radial surface. The strength properties vary with species to species and also application of direction of load. Loading direction appreciably affects the bending properties remarkably due to the anisotropic /orthotropic nature of timber. It was observed that always MoE and MoR have greater value in Radial surface. The direction of application of load has an appreciable effect on strength properties of wood. While this is generally attributable to the presence of medullary rays in the radial direction. The bending strength of timber when loaded parallel to the direction of load is greater than that of timber loaded perpendicular to the direction of load. The ratio of flexural strength values varied from13% to 14% for Melia composita.

Published in International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management (Volume 6, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20210601.11
Page(s) 1-5
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Bending Strength, Modulus of Rupture (MoR), Melia compositae

References
[1] ASTM-D-143.-52 (1965) Small clear specimens of timber. Books of ASTM Standards Part -16 - Published by the American Society for testing of materials.
[2] Aydin, S., Yardimci, M. Y., & Ramyar, K (2007). Mechanical properties of four timber species commonly used in Turkey. Turkish Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, 31 (1), 19-27.
[3] Bal, B. C., and Bektaş, I. (2012). "The effects of wood species, load direction, and adhesives on bending properties of laminated veneer lumber," BioRes. 7 (3), 3104-3112.
[4] Benabou, L. (2008). Kink Band Formation in Wood Species under Compressive Loading. Experimental Mechanics 48 (5). pp. 647-656.
[5] Conrad, M. P. C.; Smith, G. D. and Fernlund, G. (2003). Fracture of solid wood: a review of structure and properties at different length scales. Wood and Fiber Science 35 (4). pp. 570-584.
[6] Green, D. W.; Winandy, J. E.; Kretschmann, D. E (1999). Mechanical properties of wood. In Wood Handbook-Wood as An Engineering Material; US Department of Agriculture Forest Products Laboratory: Madison, WI, USA, Chapter 4.
[7] IS 1708 (Parts 1 to 18): 1986. Indian Standard Method of tests of small clear specimens of timber (second revision). Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
[8] Kilic, Murat. (2011). The effects of the force loading direction on bending strength and modulus of elasticity in laminated veneer lumber (LVL). Bio Resources. 6. 2805-2817.
[9] Neumann, M.; Herter, J.; Droste, B. O. and Hartwig, S. (2011). Compressive behaviour of axially loaded spruce wood under large deformations at different strain rates. European. Journal of Wood and Wood Products 69 (3). pp. 345-357.
[10] Mendis M. S., Halwatura R. U., Somadeva D. R. K., Jayasinghe R. A., Gunawardana M., Influence of timber grain distribution on orientation of saw cuts during application: Reference to heritage structures in Sri Lanka, Case Studies in Construction Materials, Volume 11, 2019, e00237.
[11] OBE, JM Dinwoodie (2002). Timber: its nature and behaviour. CRC Press. 91-93.
[12] Olsson, A., Oscarsson, J., Serrano, E. et al. Prediction of timber bending strength and in-member cross-sectional stiffness variation on the basis of local wood fibre orientation. Eur. J. Wood Prod. 71, 319–333 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-013-0684-5
[13] Ritter, M. A. (1990). Timber bridges: Design, construction, inspection, and maintenance. Chapter 3. P3-6.
[14] Shekar. A. C., and Rajput S. S. (1965). Some observation on the effect of size and shape of test specimens and directional load on some mechanical properties of wood material proof. 7, 9, 340-342.
[15] Van Duong, D., Matsumura, J. Within-stem variations in mechanical properties of Melia azedarach planted in northern Vietnam. J Wood Sci 64, 329–337 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10086-018-1725-9.
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    Ezhumalai Rajamanickam, Karthik Ramesh Surapura, Sharma Sukh Dev. (2021). The Effect of Direction of Load on Bending Strength of Melia compositae. International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, 6(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20210601.11

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    ACS Style

    Ezhumalai Rajamanickam; Karthik Ramesh Surapura; Sharma Sukh Dev. The Effect of Direction of Load on Bending Strength of Melia compositae. Int. J. Nat. Resour. Ecol. Manag. 2021, 6(1), 1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20210601.11

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    AMA Style

    Ezhumalai Rajamanickam, Karthik Ramesh Surapura, Sharma Sukh Dev. The Effect of Direction of Load on Bending Strength of Melia compositae. Int J Nat Resour Ecol Manag. 2021;6(1):1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20210601.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijnrem.20210601.11,
      author = {Ezhumalai Rajamanickam and Karthik Ramesh Surapura and Sharma Sukh Dev},
      title = {The Effect of Direction of Load on Bending Strength of Melia compositae},
      journal = {International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management},
      volume = {6},
      number = {1},
      pages = {1-5},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijnrem.20210601.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20210601.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnrem.20210601.11},
      abstract = {In this paper, empirical study of stiffness (modulus of elasticity-MoE) and Bending strength/flexural strength (modulus of rupture-MoR) in wood, mainly on radial and Tangential surface of Melia compositae wood were evaluated. Here loading in the radial direction means that load is applied to the tangential surface and loading in the tangential direction means that load is applied to the radial surface. The strength properties vary with species to species and also application of direction of load. Loading direction appreciably affects the bending properties remarkably due to the anisotropic /orthotropic nature of timber. It was observed that always MoE and MoR have greater value in Radial surface. The direction of application of load has an appreciable effect on strength properties of wood. While this is generally attributable to the presence of medullary rays in the radial direction. The bending strength of timber when loaded parallel to the direction of load is greater than that of timber loaded perpendicular to the direction of load. The ratio of flexural strength values varied from13% to 14% for Melia composita.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

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    AU  - Ezhumalai Rajamanickam
    AU  - Karthik Ramesh Surapura
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    Y1  - 2021/01/22
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    T2  - International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management
    JF  - International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management
    JO  - International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management
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    PB  - Science Publishing Group
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    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20210601.11
    AB  - In this paper, empirical study of stiffness (modulus of elasticity-MoE) and Bending strength/flexural strength (modulus of rupture-MoR) in wood, mainly on radial and Tangential surface of Melia compositae wood were evaluated. Here loading in the radial direction means that load is applied to the tangential surface and loading in the tangential direction means that load is applied to the radial surface. The strength properties vary with species to species and also application of direction of load. Loading direction appreciably affects the bending properties remarkably due to the anisotropic /orthotropic nature of timber. It was observed that always MoE and MoR have greater value in Radial surface. The direction of application of load has an appreciable effect on strength properties of wood. While this is generally attributable to the presence of medullary rays in the radial direction. The bending strength of timber when loaded parallel to the direction of load is greater than that of timber loaded perpendicular to the direction of load. The ratio of flexural strength values varied from13% to 14% for Melia composita.
    VL  - 6
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Author Information
  • Forest Product Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, India

  • Wood Science & Technology, Forest Research Institute, Deemed University, Dehradun, India

  • Forest Product Division, Forest Research Institute, Dehradun, India

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