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Competition for Resources as a Predictor of Grazing Conflicts in Northern Kenya

Received: 26 October 2020     Accepted: 13 November 2020     Published: 23 November 2020
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Abstract

Competition for grazing resources has been speculated to cause grazing conflicts in Northern Kenya. This study evaluated how pastoral communities compete for seasonal resources leading to grazing conflicts in the region. It was anchored on the theory that competition for limited resources led to livestock movements within and out of conservancies thus triggering conflicts on grazing resources. The study used mixed methods of ecological, remote sensing and social survey design. Purposive sampling was used to select four conservancies out of a population of fifteen, where three of them were community-managed while the fourth was privately owned. Lists of grazing committees were obtained, and systematic sampling used to select a population of 106 respondents. Self-administered questionnaires, focused group discussions and content analysis of literature were used to collect social data. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. Ecological and bio-physical data on land-use trends were obtained using remote sensing and analyzed using Quantum GIS. The results established that competition accounted for about 45% of variability of grazing conflicts (R2=0.449). It was found that community conservancies had the greatest effects of competition for forage compared to private conservancies. The results were modelled to determine how competition can predict grazing conflicts in the region. The study recommended further investigations on the effects of other factors contributing to grazing conflicts that were not considered, while building capacity to pastoral communities to adhere to grazing plans in order to stem over-grazing and migrations.

Published in International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management (Volume 5, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200504.14
Page(s) 168-174
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Competition, Grazing Conflicts, Conservancies, Predicting Model

References
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Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Dominic Maringa, Mworia Mugambi, Laititi Mutunga. (2020). Competition for Resources as a Predictor of Grazing Conflicts in Northern Kenya. International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, 5(4), 168-174. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200504.14

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    ACS Style

    Dominic Maringa; Mworia Mugambi; Laititi Mutunga. Competition for Resources as a Predictor of Grazing Conflicts in Northern Kenya. Int. J. Nat. Resour. Ecol. Manag. 2020, 5(4), 168-174. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200504.14

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    AMA Style

    Dominic Maringa, Mworia Mugambi, Laititi Mutunga. Competition for Resources as a Predictor of Grazing Conflicts in Northern Kenya. Int J Nat Resour Ecol Manag. 2020;5(4):168-174. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200504.14

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200504.14,
      author = {Dominic Maringa and Mworia Mugambi and Laititi Mutunga},
      title = {Competition for Resources as a Predictor of Grazing Conflicts in Northern Kenya},
      journal = {International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management},
      volume = {5},
      number = {4},
      pages = {168-174},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200504.14},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200504.14},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnrem.20200504.14},
      abstract = {Competition for grazing resources has been speculated to cause grazing conflicts in Northern Kenya. This study evaluated how pastoral communities compete for seasonal resources leading to grazing conflicts in the region. It was anchored on the theory that competition for limited resources led to livestock movements within and out of conservancies thus triggering conflicts on grazing resources. The study used mixed methods of ecological, remote sensing and social survey design. Purposive sampling was used to select four conservancies out of a population of fifteen, where three of them were community-managed while the fourth was privately owned. Lists of grazing committees were obtained, and systematic sampling used to select a population of 106 respondents. Self-administered questionnaires, focused group discussions and content analysis of literature were used to collect social data. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. Ecological and bio-physical data on land-use trends were obtained using remote sensing and analyzed using Quantum GIS. The results established that competition accounted for about 45% of variability of grazing conflicts (R2=0.449). It was found that community conservancies had the greatest effects of competition for forage compared to private conservancies. The results were modelled to determine how competition can predict grazing conflicts in the region. The study recommended further investigations on the effects of other factors contributing to grazing conflicts that were not considered, while building capacity to pastoral communities to adhere to grazing plans in order to stem over-grazing and migrations.},
     year = {2020}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Competition for Resources as a Predictor of Grazing Conflicts in Northern Kenya
    AU  - Dominic Maringa
    AU  - Mworia Mugambi
    AU  - Laititi Mutunga
    Y1  - 2020/11/23
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    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200504.14
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200504.14
    T2  - International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management
    JF  - International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management
    JO  - International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management
    SP  - 168
    EP  - 174
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-3061
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200504.14
    AB  - Competition for grazing resources has been speculated to cause grazing conflicts in Northern Kenya. This study evaluated how pastoral communities compete for seasonal resources leading to grazing conflicts in the region. It was anchored on the theory that competition for limited resources led to livestock movements within and out of conservancies thus triggering conflicts on grazing resources. The study used mixed methods of ecological, remote sensing and social survey design. Purposive sampling was used to select four conservancies out of a population of fifteen, where three of them were community-managed while the fourth was privately owned. Lists of grazing committees were obtained, and systematic sampling used to select a population of 106 respondents. Self-administered questionnaires, focused group discussions and content analysis of literature were used to collect social data. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. Ecological and bio-physical data on land-use trends were obtained using remote sensing and analyzed using Quantum GIS. The results established that competition accounted for about 45% of variability of grazing conflicts (R2=0.449). It was found that community conservancies had the greatest effects of competition for forage compared to private conservancies. The results were modelled to determine how competition can predict grazing conflicts in the region. The study recommended further investigations on the effects of other factors contributing to grazing conflicts that were not considered, while building capacity to pastoral communities to adhere to grazing plans in order to stem over-grazing and migrations.
    VL  - 5
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Ngarendare Forest Trust, Meru, Kenya

  • Department of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Kenya Methodist University, Meru, Kenya

  • Department of Education, Kenya Methodist University, Meru, Kenya

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