Floristic Distribution and Heavy Metal Levels Around Auto-Mechanic Workshop Clusters in the Yenagoa Metropolis, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Bariweni Perekibina Anthony; Amukali Ogochukwu

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200502.11

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Floristic Distribution and Heavy Metal Levels Around Auto-Mechanic Workshop Clusters in the Yenagoa Metropolis, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Bariweni Perekibina Anthony, Amukali Ogochukwu

Published in International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management (Volume 5, Issue 2)

Received: 21 May 2018 Accepted: 12 June 2018 Published: 7 April 2020

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Abstract

A floristic survey of plant species encountered around auto-mechanic workshop clusters in the Yenagoa Metropolis was conducted using stratified sampling technique and following standard methods in this study. Sampling was done at three intervals; reference point (0m), 50m and 100ms from 5 auto-mechanic workshop clusters and a control site. Results were expressed in simple percentages X±STD. The distributional patterns, frequency of occurrence and Sorensen’s Similarity Index of plant species around auto-mechanic workshop clusters were used to determine prevalence levels and variations from one sample site to another. It was observed that distance decay concept manifested conspicuously as plant species’ diversity increased with increasing distances from the reference points (0m) of the auto-mechanic workshop clusters. Overall plant species diversity at the reference point (0m) was 5±1, 25±23 at 50m and 36±12 at 100m around the auto-mechanic workshop clusters while 37±32 was observed at the control site, respectively. However, the control site showed highest species’ frequency distribution and diversity as compared to the auto-mechanic workshop clusters in this study. Heavy metal levels were generally observed to be higher in soils around auto-mechanic workshop clusters than at the control site showing evidence of anthropogenic effects in samples encountered at the auto-mechanic workshop clusters. Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Hg and Mn were noticed to have decreased with increasing distances suggesting distance decay while Ni and Fe increased with increasing distances in soils of the auto-mechanic workshop clusters. These had tremendous effects on the distributional patterns of most plant species in this study. This study has shown that plant species like Sc. dulcis (Scrophuriaceae), C. digitalis (Cyperaceae), Py. Polystachyos (Cyperaceae), A. tectorum (Poaceae), P. foetida (Passifloraceae), S. paramidalis (Rubiaceae), as well as C. mucunoides (Febaceae) remain better choices for use as bio-indicators for heavy metal studies around auto-mechanic workshop cluster in the Yenagoa Metropolis since despite exposure to prevailing natural and anthropogenic conditions, they still showed heavy metal tolerance and remediation potentials.

Published in	International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management (Volume 5, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200502.11
Page(s)	37-42
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Species Diversity, Auto-mechanic Workshop Clusters, Heavy Metals, Yenagoa Metropolis

References

[1]	Amukali, O. (2018) Spatial Distribution of Heavy Metals in Soils and Plants growing around Auto-mechanic Workshop Clusters in the Yenagoa Metropolis. A Ph.D Dissertation submitted to the Post Graduate School of Niger Delta University, Amassoma, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. 278p.
[2]	Anoliefo, G. O., B. Ikhajiagbe, B. O. Okonofhua and F. V. Diafe, (2006) Eco-Taxonomic Distribution of Plant Species around Motor Mechanic Workshops in Asaba and Benin City, Nigeria: Identification of Oil Tolerant Plant Species. African J. Biotechnol., 5: 1757-1762.
[3]	Arshad, M. K., Q. Rahmatullah, F. Q. Mirza, M. Mubashrah, Y. Muhammad and S. Zafeer (2015) Floristic Checklist of District Kotli, Azad, Jammu and Kashmir. Pak. J. Bot., 47 (5): 1–12.
[4]	Bariweni, P. A. and O. Amukali (2017) Wetlands Cover Changes in Yenagoa Metropolis, Niger Delta. Portharcourt Journal of Social Sciences. 7: 1–7.
[5]	Bariweni, P. A., W. L. Izonfuo and E. N. Amadi (2002). Domestic Waste Levels and Assessment of their Current Management Strategies in Yenagoa Metropolis. Glob. J. Environ. Sci. 1 (1): 15-19.
[6]	Ehigiamusoe, R. E. (2013) A Herbarium of Nigerian Medicinal Plants. University of Calabar Press, Calabar, Nigeria. 573p.
[7]	Gibson, J. P. and A. J. Poland (1988) Zinc intolerance in Panicum virgatum L. (Switch grass) from the Pitcher Mine Area. Proc. Oklahoma Academy Sci. 68: 45–48.
[8]	Gill, L. S. (1992) Ethnomedical Uses of Plants in Nigeria. Union Press of University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria. 276p.
[9]	Imevbore, A. A. A. and S. A. Adeyemi (1981) Environmental Monitoring in relation to Pollution and Control of Oil Pollution. In: Proc. Seminar on the Petroleum Industry and the Nigerian Environment. 6: 135–142.
[10]	Khan, Q., W. I. Qaseew and I. Saqiba (2015) Floristic Checklist of the District Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Pak. J. Bot., 47 (5): 1957-1968.
[11]	Merkl, N., R. Schultze-Kraft and C. Infante (2005) Phytoremediation in the Tropics-Influence of Heavy Oil on Root Morphological Characteristics of Graminoids. Environ. Pollut. 138: 86–91.
[12]	National Census: Federal Republic of Nigeria Gazzete, (2007).
[13]	Obadoni, B. O., N. E. Edema, H. Erheni, E. Ogie-Odia and O. Amukali (2009) A Checklist of the Flora of Edaphic Grasslands in the Rainforest Belts of Edo and Delta States of Nigeria. World Rural Observations. 1 (1): 43–49.
[14]	Obafemi, A. A. and P. Omiumu (2014) Analysis of Immigrants’ Residential Preferences and Ethnic Segregation in Yenagoa Metropolis. Research in Humanities and Social Sciences. 4 (19): 13–20.
[15]	Okeke, C. U., E. O. Ekanem and A. M. Harami (2014) Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Mechanic Workshops. Int. J. Maths & Phy. Sci. Res. 2 (1): 58–65.
[16]	Rivers and Bayelsa States Environmental Action Plan (1998). Description of Soil Types in the State Environmental Action Plan Report for Rivers and Bayelsa States in the Niger Delta Area, Nigeria.
[17]	Shell Petroleum Development Company (2006) Final Report of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of Rumuekpe (OML 22) and Etelebou (OML 28) 3D Seismic Survey. SPDC Press, PHC. 393p.
[18]	Soladoye, M. O., E. C. Chukwuma, J. A. Fagbenro and E. O. Adelagun (2015) A Checklist of Angiosperm Diversity of Bowen University Campus, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria. Journal of Plant Sciences 10 (6): 244-252.
[19]	World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC) (1992) Global Biodiversity: Status of the Earth’s Living Resources. Chapman and Hall, London.
[20]	Wikipedia (2014) Yenagoa. http://en.wikipedia.org Downloaded 18/10/2014.

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Bariweni Perekibina Anthony, Amukali Ogochukwu. (2020). Floristic Distribution and Heavy Metal Levels Around Auto-Mechanic Workshop Clusters in the Yenagoa Metropolis, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, 5(2), 37-42. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200502.11

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ACS Style

Bariweni Perekibina Anthony; Amukali Ogochukwu. Floristic Distribution and Heavy Metal Levels Around Auto-Mechanic Workshop Clusters in the Yenagoa Metropolis, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Int. J. Nat. Resour. Ecol. Manag. 2020, 5(2), 37-42. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200502.11

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AMA Style

Bariweni Perekibina Anthony, Amukali Ogochukwu. Floristic Distribution and Heavy Metal Levels Around Auto-Mechanic Workshop Clusters in the Yenagoa Metropolis, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Int J Nat Resour Ecol Manag. 2020;5(2):37-42. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200502.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200502.11,
  author = {Bariweni Perekibina Anthony and Amukali Ogochukwu},
  title = {Floristic Distribution and Heavy Metal Levels Around Auto-Mechanic Workshop Clusters in the Yenagoa Metropolis, Bayelsa State, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {37-42},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200502.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200502.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnrem.20200502.11},
  abstract = {A floristic survey of plant species encountered around auto-mechanic workshop clusters in the Yenagoa Metropolis was conducted using stratified sampling technique and following standard methods in this study. Sampling was done at three intervals; reference point (0m), 50m and 100ms from 5 auto-mechanic workshop clusters and a control site. Results were expressed in simple percentages X±STD. The distributional patterns, frequency of occurrence and Sorensen’s Similarity Index of plant species around auto-mechanic workshop clusters were used to determine prevalence levels and variations from one sample site to another. It was observed that distance decay concept manifested conspicuously as plant species’ diversity increased with increasing distances from the reference points (0m) of the auto-mechanic workshop clusters. Overall plant species diversity at the reference point (0m) was 5±1, 25±23 at 50m and 36±12 at 100m around the auto-mechanic workshop clusters while 37±32 was observed at the control site, respectively. However, the control site showed highest species’ frequency distribution and diversity as compared to the auto-mechanic workshop clusters in this study. Heavy metal levels were generally observed to be higher in soils around auto-mechanic workshop clusters than at the control site showing evidence of anthropogenic effects in samples encountered at the auto-mechanic workshop clusters. Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Hg and Mn were noticed to have decreased with increasing distances suggesting distance decay while Ni and Fe increased with increasing distances in soils of the auto-mechanic workshop clusters. These had tremendous effects on the distributional patterns of most plant species in this study. This study has shown that plant species like Sc. dulcis (Scrophuriaceae), C. digitalis (Cyperaceae), Py. Polystachyos (Cyperaceae), A. tectorum (Poaceae), P. foetida (Passifloraceae), S. paramidalis (Rubiaceae), as well as C. mucunoides (Febaceae) remain better choices for use as bio-indicators for heavy metal studies around auto-mechanic workshop cluster in the Yenagoa Metropolis since despite exposure to prevailing natural and anthropogenic conditions, they still showed heavy metal tolerance and remediation potentials.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Floristic Distribution and Heavy Metal Levels Around Auto-Mechanic Workshop Clusters in the Yenagoa Metropolis, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
AU - Bariweni Perekibina Anthony
AU - Amukali Ogochukwu
Y1 - 2020/04/07
PY - 2020
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200502.11
DO - 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200502.11
T2 - International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management
JF - International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management
JO - International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management
SP - 37
EP - 42
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2575-3061
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200502.11
AB - A floristic survey of plant species encountered around auto-mechanic workshop clusters in the Yenagoa Metropolis was conducted using stratified sampling technique and following standard methods in this study. Sampling was done at three intervals; reference point (0m), 50m and 100ms from 5 auto-mechanic workshop clusters and a control site. Results were expressed in simple percentages X±STD. The distributional patterns, frequency of occurrence and Sorensen’s Similarity Index of plant species around auto-mechanic workshop clusters were used to determine prevalence levels and variations from one sample site to another. It was observed that distance decay concept manifested conspicuously as plant species’ diversity increased with increasing distances from the reference points (0m) of the auto-mechanic workshop clusters. Overall plant species diversity at the reference point (0m) was 5±1, 25±23 at 50m and 36±12 at 100m around the auto-mechanic workshop clusters while 37±32 was observed at the control site, respectively. However, the control site showed highest species’ frequency distribution and diversity as compared to the auto-mechanic workshop clusters in this study. Heavy metal levels were generally observed to be higher in soils around auto-mechanic workshop clusters than at the control site showing evidence of anthropogenic effects in samples encountered at the auto-mechanic workshop clusters. Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Hg and Mn were noticed to have decreased with increasing distances suggesting distance decay while Ni and Fe increased with increasing distances in soils of the auto-mechanic workshop clusters. These had tremendous effects on the distributional patterns of most plant species in this study. This study has shown that plant species like Sc. dulcis (Scrophuriaceae), C. digitalis (Cyperaceae), Py. Polystachyos (Cyperaceae), A. tectorum (Poaceae), P. foetida (Passifloraceae), S. paramidalis (Rubiaceae), as well as C. mucunoides (Febaceae) remain better choices for use as bio-indicators for heavy metal studies around auto-mechanic workshop cluster in the Yenagoa Metropolis since despite exposure to prevailing natural and anthropogenic conditions, they still showed heavy metal tolerance and remediation potentials.
VL - 5
IS - 2
ER -

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Author Information

Bariweni Perekibina Anthony

Department of Geography and Environmental Management, Niger Delta University, Amassoma, Nigeria
Amukali Ogochukwu

Department of Geography and Environmental Management, Niger Delta University, Amassoma, Nigeria

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APA Style

Bariweni Perekibina Anthony, Amukali Ogochukwu. (2020). Floristic Distribution and Heavy Metal Levels Around Auto-Mechanic Workshop Clusters in the Yenagoa Metropolis, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, 5(2), 37-42. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200502.11

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ACS Style

Bariweni Perekibina Anthony; Amukali Ogochukwu. Floristic Distribution and Heavy Metal Levels Around Auto-Mechanic Workshop Clusters in the Yenagoa Metropolis, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Int. J. Nat. Resour. Ecol. Manag. 2020, 5(2), 37-42. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200502.11

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AMA Style

Bariweni Perekibina Anthony, Amukali Ogochukwu. Floristic Distribution and Heavy Metal Levels Around Auto-Mechanic Workshop Clusters in the Yenagoa Metropolis, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Int J Nat Resour Ecol Manag. 2020;5(2):37-42. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200502.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200502.11,
  author = {Bariweni Perekibina Anthony and Amukali Ogochukwu},
  title = {Floristic Distribution and Heavy Metal Levels Around Auto-Mechanic Workshop Clusters in the Yenagoa Metropolis, Bayelsa State, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {37-42},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200502.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200502.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnrem.20200502.11},
  abstract = {A floristic survey of plant species encountered around auto-mechanic workshop clusters in the Yenagoa Metropolis was conducted using stratified sampling technique and following standard methods in this study. Sampling was done at three intervals; reference point (0m), 50m and 100ms from 5 auto-mechanic workshop clusters and a control site. Results were expressed in simple percentages X±STD. The distributional patterns, frequency of occurrence and Sorensen’s Similarity Index of plant species around auto-mechanic workshop clusters were used to determine prevalence levels and variations from one sample site to another. It was observed that distance decay concept manifested conspicuously as plant species’ diversity increased with increasing distances from the reference points (0m) of the auto-mechanic workshop clusters. Overall plant species diversity at the reference point (0m) was 5±1, 25±23 at 50m and 36±12 at 100m around the auto-mechanic workshop clusters while 37±32 was observed at the control site, respectively. However, the control site showed highest species’ frequency distribution and diversity as compared to the auto-mechanic workshop clusters in this study. Heavy metal levels were generally observed to be higher in soils around auto-mechanic workshop clusters than at the control site showing evidence of anthropogenic effects in samples encountered at the auto-mechanic workshop clusters. Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Hg and Mn were noticed to have decreased with increasing distances suggesting distance decay while Ni and Fe increased with increasing distances in soils of the auto-mechanic workshop clusters. These had tremendous effects on the distributional patterns of most plant species in this study. This study has shown that plant species like Sc. dulcis (Scrophuriaceae), C. digitalis (Cyperaceae), Py. Polystachyos (Cyperaceae), A. tectorum (Poaceae), P. foetida (Passifloraceae), S. paramidalis (Rubiaceae), as well as C. mucunoides (Febaceae) remain better choices for use as bio-indicators for heavy metal studies around auto-mechanic workshop cluster in the Yenagoa Metropolis since despite exposure to prevailing natural and anthropogenic conditions, they still showed heavy metal tolerance and remediation potentials.},
 year = {2020}
}

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