Rapid Analysis of Phyical Parameters of Tape Water in Benadir Region, Mogadishu Somalia

Mohamed Ibrahim Abdi-Soojeede; Feisal Abdullah Salad

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200501.15

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Rapid Analysis of Phyical Parameters of Tape Water in Benadir Region, Mogadishu Somalia

Mohamed Ibrahim Abdi-Soojeede, Feisal Abdullah Salad

Published in International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management (Volume 5, Issue 1)

Received: 26 February 2020 Accepted: 9 March 2020 Published: 23 March 2020

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Abstract

This study was designed to determine the Physical Parameters of Tap water to evaluate their quality in Benadir region, Mogadishu Somalia, The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of dissolved chemical in tap water in Benadir region. Methods: The study design was used analysis methods with experimental test of tape water in Mogadishu, Somalia. Researchers used rapid detection strips like pH, specific gravity, and the Sample size was 31 out of 35 of target sample, 31 sample is least sample size that can be used. The sample procedure was non probability particularly snow ball. The Result: in table 1, declares sample took was different (some districts took one sample, others with two samples, or three samples and four samples) so they got different percentage, the major sample was 4 and took in Yaqshid district with percentage 12.9%, also the pH 5.0 has 35.5%, pH 5.5 has 16.1% and pH 6.0 has 19.4%, all have lower than the normal ranges, their total percentages was 71% which means the tape waters in Mogadishu have lower pH than the normal ranges mentioned by WHO. So that the results in table 2 have 1 (3.2%), was 1.000 SpG, which means the one sample took in Wadajir district was normal water, 8 (25.8%) was 1.005 SpG, in eight samples (Yaqshid, Abdiaziz, Kaxda, Hilawaa, Wadajir, and daynile) 13 (41.9%) was 1.010 SpG, in thirteen samples, 7 (22.6%) was 1.015 SpG, in seven samples, 1 (3.2%), was 1.020 SpG, in one sample and last 1 (3.2%), was 1.025 SpG, in one sample. The table 3; shows you that the nitrogen presence in water, the result was 27 (87.1%) of the samples was Negative nitrogen, and 4 (12.9%) of the samples was positive nitrogen. Conclusion: Water sample from the studied area was not good for drinking because they have low Ph and also they have high specific Gravity (1.05) Recommendation: Researchers recommend first; to mobilize the community through mass media to educate the harmful effect of water on human health, secondly; the government must establish center for water purification and distribute them to save the lives of the whole community.

Published in	International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management (Volume 5, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200501.15
Page(s)	31-36
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Somalia, Physical Water, Tape Water, Rapid Testing, Benadir Region, Mogadishu

References

[1]	UNICEF (2015), Priority issues; https://www.unicef.org/somalia/wes_95.html
[2]	FAO (2006); Health Systems Profile- Somalia, Regional Health Systems Observatory- EMRO, https://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s17309e/s17309e.pdf
[3]	World Bank. 1985. Somalia - Mogadishu Water Supply Project (English). Washington, DC: World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/575511468303086894/Somalia-Mogadishu-Water-Supply-Project
[4]	Libessart, Y., & Hamache, Y. (2000, November). Integrated chlorination campaign in Mogadishu. In WEDC CONFERENCE (Vol. 26, pp. 237-239).
[5]	van der Plas, M., & Nembrini, P. G. (2013). In a state of uncertainty? Mogadishu water supply.
[6]	WHO (2007); pH in Drinking-water; Revised background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality; https://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/chemicals/ph_revised_2007_clean_version.pdf
[7]	Rahmanian, N., Ali, S. H. B., Homayoonfard, M., Ali, N. J., Rehan, M., Sadef, Y., & Nizami, A. S. (2015). Analysis of physiochemical parameters to evaluate the drinking water quality in the State of Perak, Malaysia. Journal of Chemistry, 2015.
[8]	Sofi, M. H., Gudi, R., Karumuthil-Melethil, S., Perez, N., Johnson, B. M., & Vasu, C. (2014). pH of drinking water influences the composition of gut microbiome and type 1 diabetes incidence. Diabetes, 63 (2), 632-644.
[9]	Jacqmin, H., Commenges, D., Letenneur, L., Barberger-Gateau, P., & Dartigues, J. F. (1994). Components of drinking water and risk of cognitive impairment in the elderly. American journal of epidemiology, 139 (1), 48-57.
[10]	University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Physics; (2007) what is specific gravity of water, https://van.physics.illinois.edu/qa/listing.php?id=5454,
[11]	World Health Organisation (WHO), & World Health Organisation Staff. (2004). Guidelines for drinking-water quality (Vol. 1). World Health Organization.
[12]	Cotruvo, J. A. (2017). 2017 WHO guidelines for drinking water quality: first addendum to the fourth edition. Journal‐American Water Works Association, 109 (7), 44-51.
[13]	US EPA, “Basic Information on Nitrate in Drinking Water,” and “Basic Information on Nitrite in Drinking Water,” http://water.epa.gov/drink/contaminants/basicinformation/nitrate.cfm. and http://water.epa.gov/drink/contaminants/basicinformation/nitrite.cfm.
[14]	Abdi-Soojeede, M. I. and Kullane, M. A. (2019) Study of Community Perception on Drinking Water Quality in Mogadishu, Somalia. Open Journal of Applied Sciences, 9, 361-371. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojapps.2019.95030

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APA Style

Mohamed Ibrahim Abdi-Soojeede, Feisal Abdullah Salad. (2020). Rapid Analysis of Phyical Parameters of Tape Water in Benadir Region, Mogadishu Somalia. International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, 5(1), 31-36. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200501.15

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ACS Style

Mohamed Ibrahim Abdi-Soojeede; Feisal Abdullah Salad. Rapid Analysis of Phyical Parameters of Tape Water in Benadir Region, Mogadishu Somalia. Int. J. Nat. Resour. Ecol. Manag. 2020, 5(1), 31-36. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200501.15

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AMA Style

Mohamed Ibrahim Abdi-Soojeede, Feisal Abdullah Salad. Rapid Analysis of Phyical Parameters of Tape Water in Benadir Region, Mogadishu Somalia. Int J Nat Resour Ecol Manag. 2020;5(1):31-36. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200501.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200501.15,
  author = {Mohamed Ibrahim Abdi-Soojeede and Feisal Abdullah Salad},
  title = {Rapid Analysis of Phyical Parameters of Tape Water in Benadir Region, Mogadishu Somalia},
  journal = {International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {31-36},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200501.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200501.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnrem.20200501.15},
  abstract = {This study was designed to determine the Physical Parameters of Tap water to evaluate their quality in Benadir region, Mogadishu Somalia, The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of dissolved chemical in tap water in Benadir region. Methods: The study design was used analysis methods with experimental test of tape water in Mogadishu, Somalia. Researchers used rapid detection strips like pH, specific gravity, and the Sample size was 31 out of 35 of target sample, 31 sample is least sample size that can be used. The sample procedure was non probability particularly snow ball. The Result: in table 1, declares sample took was different (some districts took one sample, others with two samples, or three samples and four samples) so they got different percentage, the major sample was 4 and took in Yaqshid district with percentage 12.9%, also the pH 5.0 has 35.5%, pH 5.5 has 16.1% and pH 6.0 has 19.4%, all have lower than the normal ranges, their total percentages was 71% which means the tape waters in Mogadishu have lower pH than the normal ranges mentioned by WHO. So that the results in table 2 have 1 (3.2%), was 1.000 SpG, which means the one sample took in Wadajir district was normal water, 8 (25.8%) was 1.005 SpG, in eight samples (Yaqshid, Abdiaziz, Kaxda, Hilawaa, Wadajir, and daynile) 13 (41.9%) was 1.010 SpG, in thirteen samples, 7 (22.6%) was 1.015 SpG, in seven samples, 1 (3.2%), was 1.020 SpG, in one sample and last 1 (3.2%), was 1.025 SpG, in one sample. The table 3; shows you that the nitrogen presence in water, the result was 27 (87.1%) of the samples was Negative nitrogen, and 4 (12.9%) of the samples was positive nitrogen. Conclusion: Water sample from the studied area was not good for drinking because they have low Ph and also they have high specific Gravity (1.05) Recommendation: Researchers recommend first; to mobilize the community through mass media to educate the harmful effect of water on human health, secondly; the government must establish center for water purification and distribute them to save the lives of the whole community.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Rapid Analysis of Phyical Parameters of Tape Water in Benadir Region, Mogadishu Somalia
AU  - Mohamed Ibrahim Abdi-Soojeede
AU  - Feisal Abdullah Salad
Y1  - 2020/03/23
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200501.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200501.15
T2  - International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management
JF  - International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management
JO  - International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management
SP  - 31
EP  - 36
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-3061
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200501.15
AB  - This study was designed to determine the Physical Parameters of Tap water to evaluate their quality in Benadir region, Mogadishu Somalia, The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of dissolved chemical in tap water in Benadir region. Methods: The study design was used analysis methods with experimental test of tape water in Mogadishu, Somalia. Researchers used rapid detection strips like pH, specific gravity, and the Sample size was 31 out of 35 of target sample, 31 sample is least sample size that can be used. The sample procedure was non probability particularly snow ball. The Result: in table 1, declares sample took was different (some districts took one sample, others with two samples, or three samples and four samples) so they got different percentage, the major sample was 4 and took in Yaqshid district with percentage 12.9%, also the pH 5.0 has 35.5%, pH 5.5 has 16.1% and pH 6.0 has 19.4%, all have lower than the normal ranges, their total percentages was 71% which means the tape waters in Mogadishu have lower pH than the normal ranges mentioned by WHO. So that the results in table 2 have 1 (3.2%), was 1.000 SpG, which means the one sample took in Wadajir district was normal water, 8 (25.8%) was 1.005 SpG, in eight samples (Yaqshid, Abdiaziz, Kaxda, Hilawaa, Wadajir, and daynile) 13 (41.9%) was 1.010 SpG, in thirteen samples, 7 (22.6%) was 1.015 SpG, in seven samples, 1 (3.2%), was 1.020 SpG, in one sample and last 1 (3.2%), was 1.025 SpG, in one sample. The table 3; shows you that the nitrogen presence in water, the result was 27 (87.1%) of the samples was Negative nitrogen, and 4 (12.9%) of the samples was positive nitrogen. Conclusion: Water sample from the studied area was not good for drinking because they have low Ph and also they have high specific Gravity (1.05) Recommendation: Researchers recommend first; to mobilize the community through mass media to educate the harmful effect of water on human health, secondly; the government must establish center for water purification and distribute them to save the lives of the whole community.
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Mohamed Ibrahim Abdi-Soojeede

Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Science, Hope University, Mogadishu, Somalia
Feisal Abdullah Salad

Department of Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Health Science, Hope University, Mogadishu, Somalia

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APA Style

Mohamed Ibrahim Abdi-Soojeede, Feisal Abdullah Salad. (2020). Rapid Analysis of Phyical Parameters of Tape Water in Benadir Region, Mogadishu Somalia. International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, 5(1), 31-36. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200501.15

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ACS Style

Mohamed Ibrahim Abdi-Soojeede; Feisal Abdullah Salad. Rapid Analysis of Phyical Parameters of Tape Water in Benadir Region, Mogadishu Somalia. Int. J. Nat. Resour. Ecol. Manag. 2020, 5(1), 31-36. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200501.15

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AMA Style

Mohamed Ibrahim Abdi-Soojeede, Feisal Abdullah Salad. Rapid Analysis of Phyical Parameters of Tape Water in Benadir Region, Mogadishu Somalia. Int J Nat Resour Ecol Manag. 2020;5(1):31-36. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200501.15

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200501.15,
  author = {Mohamed Ibrahim Abdi-Soojeede and Feisal Abdullah Salad},
  title = {Rapid Analysis of Phyical Parameters of Tape Water in Benadir Region, Mogadishu Somalia},
  journal = {International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {31-36},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200501.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200501.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijnrem.20200501.15},
  abstract = {This study was designed to determine the Physical Parameters of Tap water to evaluate their quality in Benadir region, Mogadishu Somalia, The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of dissolved chemical in tap water in Benadir region. Methods: The study design was used analysis methods with experimental test of tape water in Mogadishu, Somalia. Researchers used rapid detection strips like pH, specific gravity, and the Sample size was 31 out of 35 of target sample, 31 sample is least sample size that can be used. The sample procedure was non probability particularly snow ball. The Result: in table 1, declares sample took was different (some districts took one sample, others with two samples, or three samples and four samples) so they got different percentage, the major sample was 4 and took in Yaqshid district with percentage 12.9%, also the pH 5.0 has 35.5%, pH 5.5 has 16.1% and pH 6.0 has 19.4%, all have lower than the normal ranges, their total percentages was 71% which means the tape waters in Mogadishu have lower pH than the normal ranges mentioned by WHO. So that the results in table 2 have 1 (3.2%), was 1.000 SpG, which means the one sample took in Wadajir district was normal water, 8 (25.8%) was 1.005 SpG, in eight samples (Yaqshid, Abdiaziz, Kaxda, Hilawaa, Wadajir, and daynile) 13 (41.9%) was 1.010 SpG, in thirteen samples, 7 (22.6%) was 1.015 SpG, in seven samples, 1 (3.2%), was 1.020 SpG, in one sample and last 1 (3.2%), was 1.025 SpG, in one sample. The table 3; shows you that the nitrogen presence in water, the result was 27 (87.1%) of the samples was Negative nitrogen, and 4 (12.9%) of the samples was positive nitrogen. Conclusion: Water sample from the studied area was not good for drinking because they have low Ph and also they have high specific Gravity (1.05) Recommendation: Researchers recommend first; to mobilize the community through mass media to educate the harmful effect of water on human health, secondly; the government must establish center for water purification and distribute them to save the lives of the whole community.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Rapid Analysis of Phyical Parameters of Tape Water in Benadir Region, Mogadishu Somalia
AU  - Mohamed Ibrahim Abdi-Soojeede
AU  - Feisal Abdullah Salad
Y1  - 2020/03/23
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200501.15
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200501.15
T2  - International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management
JF  - International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management
JO  - International Journal of Natural Resource Ecology and Management
SP  - 31
EP  - 36
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-3061
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnrem.20200501.15
AB  - This study was designed to determine the Physical Parameters of Tap water to evaluate their quality in Benadir region, Mogadishu Somalia, The objective of this study was to investigate the presence of dissolved chemical in tap water in Benadir region. Methods: The study design was used analysis methods with experimental test of tape water in Mogadishu, Somalia. Researchers used rapid detection strips like pH, specific gravity, and the Sample size was 31 out of 35 of target sample, 31 sample is least sample size that can be used. The sample procedure was non probability particularly snow ball. The Result: in table 1, declares sample took was different (some districts took one sample, others with two samples, or three samples and four samples) so they got different percentage, the major sample was 4 and took in Yaqshid district with percentage 12.9%, also the pH 5.0 has 35.5%, pH 5.5 has 16.1% and pH 6.0 has 19.4%, all have lower than the normal ranges, their total percentages was 71% which means the tape waters in Mogadishu have lower pH than the normal ranges mentioned by WHO. So that the results in table 2 have 1 (3.2%), was 1.000 SpG, which means the one sample took in Wadajir district was normal water, 8 (25.8%) was 1.005 SpG, in eight samples (Yaqshid, Abdiaziz, Kaxda, Hilawaa, Wadajir, and daynile) 13 (41.9%) was 1.010 SpG, in thirteen samples, 7 (22.6%) was 1.015 SpG, in seven samples, 1 (3.2%), was 1.020 SpG, in one sample and last 1 (3.2%), was 1.025 SpG, in one sample. The table 3; shows you that the nitrogen presence in water, the result was 27 (87.1%) of the samples was Negative nitrogen, and 4 (12.9%) of the samples was positive nitrogen. Conclusion: Water sample from the studied area was not good for drinking because they have low Ph and also they have high specific Gravity (1.05) Recommendation: Researchers recommend first; to mobilize the community through mass media to educate the harmful effect of water on human health, secondly; the government must establish center for water purification and distribute them to save the lives of the whole community.
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
ER  -

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